Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q15/00—Anti-perspirants or body deodorants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
  • A61K8/26—Aluminium; Compounds thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
  • A61K8/36—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
  • A61K8/365—Hydroxycarboxylic acids; Ketocarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
  • C07C59/01—Saturated compounds having only one carboxyl group and containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
  • C07C59/08—Lactic acid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
  • C07C59/01—Saturated compounds having only one carboxyl group and containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
  • C07C59/10—Polyhydroxy carboxylic acids
  • C07C59/105—Polyhydroxy carboxylic acids having five or more carbon atoms, e.g. aldonic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
  • C07C59/235—Saturated compounds containing more than one carboxyl group
  • C07C59/245—Saturated compounds containing more than one carboxyl group containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
  • C07C59/235—Saturated compounds containing more than one carboxyl group
  • C07C59/245—Saturated compounds containing more than one carboxyl group containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
  • C07C59/265—Citric acid

Definitions

• This invention relates to chelates of hydroxy carboxylic acids and methods for preparing the same.
• the compounds of this invention have particular utility in antacid compositions, in antiperspirant compositions, and as buffers.
• Aluminum chlorhydroxy complexes in liquid form have proven very successful as antiperspirants.
• This invention makes possible and practicable an antiperspirant that may be made into stick form in effective concentration corresponding to as much as 24% or so of the antiperspirant compound, that is soluble in alcohol or methanol, is not subject to precipitation of aluminum by alkali at any pH up to 9 and that may be used, therefore, at such pH as to eliminate any acidic action of the antiperspirant on fabrics or the skin, is not precipitatable by soaps in alcoholic solution and so may be used in a soap stick without separation of aluminum soap.
• Antacid preparations are now quite generally employed for the treatment of peptic ulcers, gastric hyperacidity and dyspepsia. Gwilt, Livingstone, and Robertson in the Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, X, No. 12, 770775 (1958), describe the characteristics of an ideal antacid.
• the antacid composition should be inexpensive, and it should not deteriorate significantly in any respect on aging.
• Liquid aluminum hydroxide gel closely approaches the ideal for an antacid, but its liquid form makes it inconvenient to use, especially in the case of ambulatory patients.
• the liquid gel is quite rapid in its action, and gives a prolonged antacid effect in the optimum pH range. It is not significantly affected in its antacid properties by pepsin, and it also does not significantly lose its antacid characteristics on aging. However, as Edwards and others have pointed out, it may have a mildly constipating effect, which many have sought to remedy by combining it with other ingredients such as magnesium hydroxide or carbonate.
• the advantages of the dried gel are obvious.
• the obvious material, dried aluminum hydroxide gel is actually far from an ideal antacid. It exhibits a lag in its rate of reaction with stomach acids. It does not give prolonged antacid activity in the optimum pH range, and its antacid properties are severely affected by pepsin. Also, its antacid activity is less than that of the liquid gel, being decreased by the drying, and the reduced activity decreases further with aging.
• a number of combinations incorporating aluminum hydroxide gels have been proposed, in which the antacid activity is enhanced by incorporating therewith another compound, such as magnesium carbonate, magnesium silicate, calcium carbonate, and the like. All of these compositions suffer from a major drawback inherent in the use of aluminum hydroxide gel, its relative insolubility in the stomach fluids. Antacid action is not demonstrated immediately, but instead there is a certain time interval before a sufficient amount of the antacid composition has been dissolved to affect the pH of the stomach. This drawback prevents such compositions from showing their maximum neutralizing effect in the shortest possible time, although they are quite effective in maintaining an optimum pH over a long period of time.
• the aluminum chelates of the present invention are formed from organic acids having a hydroxyl group alpha and/ or beta to the carboxylic acid radical selected from the group consisting of lactic, citric, tartaric, glycolic, gluconic, trihydroxy glutaric, citryl trigluconic, citryl monogluconic, citryl digluconic, malic, tetrahydroxy adipic, and citramalic acids, and mixtures thereof, in which the chelate has the following formula:
• M represents a non-toxic cation such as sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, zirconium, aluminum, or ammonium, or mixtures of the foregoing cations
• L and L are the two forms of the same ligand derived from the hydroxy carboxylic acid.
• L and L are at least bidentate, and have a valence of between 1 to 4; L corresponds to that form of the acid in which both the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups have been neutralized, L corresponds to that form of the acid in Y which only the carboxyl groups have been neutralized, and whose hydroxyl group is coordinated to an aluminum atom; where y, m, n, and x are numbers whose sum is such as to balance the positive valences of the cation M, and aluminum; ms-l-y is the total number of gram atoms of the cation M; and m-f-n is the total number of gram molecular weights of alphaor beta-hydroxy aliphatic carboxylic acid. It is to be understood that in some chelates, only L is present; in other chelates only L is present; and in still other chelates both L and L are present.
• the numbers representing y, m, n, and x need not be integers, but may be fractional quantities.
• m+n will range from 2 to 6, x from to 4, y from 0 to 1, m from 0 to 6, and n from 0 to 6.
• mt-l-n In the case of tridentate chelation with such ligands as gluconates, citrates, tartrates, malates, citryl trigluconates, citryl digluconates, citryl monogluconates, citramalates, trihydroxyglutarates, and tetrahydroxy adipates; the value of mt-l-n will range from 2 to 4, x from 0 to 2, y from 0 to 1, m from 0 to 4, and n from 0 to 4.
• m+n will range from 2 to 3, x from 0 to 2, y from 0 to 1, m from 0 to 3, and n from 0 to 3.
• alkali metal aluminates as the aluminum source, namely when y is 0 (chlorine atoms being absent), the total number of gram atoms of cation or cations will be represented as the sum of m+n, and the chelate will have the following empirical formula:
• L and L are the two forms of the same ligand derivated from the hydroxy carboxylic acid. 1L and L are at least bidentate and have a valence between -1 and 4; L corresponds to that form of the acid in which both the car-boxyl and hydroxyl groups have been neutralized, L corresponds to that form of the acid in 'which only the carboxyl group has been neutralized, and whose hydroxyl group is coordinated to an aluminum atom; where m, n, and x are numbers whose sum is such as to balance the positive valences of the cation M, and aluminum, m +n is the total number of gram atoms of the cation M, M representing a non-toxic cation such as sodium, potassium lithium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, zirconium, aluminum, or ammonium, or mixtures of the foregoing cations, and m +n is the total number of gram molecular weights of alphaor beta-hydroxy aliphatic carboxylic acid. It is
• the numbers representing m, n, and x need not be integers, but may be fractional quantities.
• tetradentate chelation with such ligands as gluconates, citrates, tartrates, citryl trigluconates, citryl digluconates, citryl monogluconates, citramalates, trihydroxyglutarates, and tetrahydroxy adipates; the value of m+n will range from 2 to 3 and x from 0 to 4.
• m represents the number of gram molecular weights of hydroxy carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is re- 4 placed by cation M
• n the number of gram molecular weights of hydroxy carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has not been neutralized and may be shown in its original position or outside the brackets as H+.
• the remainder of the molecule enclosed within the brackets, other than the cation M, is anionic.
• the aluminum is entirely in the anionic portion of the molecule, except in those compounds where the aluminum is in both the cationic and anionic portions of the molecule.
• the ring structures are understood to include aluminum or to be bonded directly to the aluminum atom within the brackets) in which m, n, y, x, and M are the same as above.
• the total of m+n is within the range of 2 to 6, and x is 6(m+n).
• a complex free from chlorine and incorporating lactic acid has the formula:
• the solubility of the anionic portion including the aluminum ion is so high, that each of the aforementioned metal salts are quite water-soluble, corresponding in solubility characteristics to calcium nitrate or calcium chloride, rather than to calcium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide.
• any aliphatic carboxylic acid in which the hydroxyl group is alpha or beta to the carboxylic acid group can be employed.
• the acid may contain a plurality of hydroxyl groups, provided at least one is in the alpha or beta position, and the acid may also include a plurality of carboxylic acid groups, provided again that at least one hydroxyl group is alpha or beta to at least one of the carboxylic acid groups. Mixtures of such acids can be used.
• Typical hydroxy aliphatic acids that can be employed include lactic acid,
• glycolic acid gluconic acid, trihydroxy plutaric acid, citryl trigluconic acid, citryl monogluconic acid, citryl digluconic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, tetrahydroxy adipic acid, and citramalic acid.
• hydroxy carboxylic acid is, in each instance, alumiuum-chelating and non-toxic under the conditions of use, as well as water-soluble, and soluble or miscible in alcohol, and by alcohol is meant both monohydroxy and polyhydroxy alcohols.
• Gluconic acid of commerce is actually D-gluconic acid. Solutions thereof may be prepared by the dissolution of glucono-delta-lactone in water.
• gluconic acid is in equilibrium with gammaand delta gluconolactones, viz:
• gluconates are believed to function as bidentate, tridentate and possibly tetradentate ligands, although more often than not, physicochemical data suggest the presence of tridentation between gluconate ligands and numerous metals, among which are included aluminum, iron, chromium, etc.
• the oxygens of the secondary hydroxyl groups as well as the carboxylate oxygen are believed to participate in coordinate bonding with metals. Where a multiplicity of such bonds occurs in one molecule, polydentation or chelation thereby results.
• Dentation increases as a function of the pH in numerous metal ssytems and is in part determined by the nature of the metal ion, as well as other parameters.
• ligand may chelate more than one metal atom per mole of ligand.
• 2 moles of ligand may chelate with 1 gram atom of metal, with varying degrees of dentation attributable to the gluconate ligand.
• one gluconate ligand may be bidentate; the other may be tridentate and both may conceivably be chelated to the same aluminum atom.
• hydroxy containing complexes are shown, as for example, potassium or sodium aluminum hydroxy gluconates, citrates or tartrates, it is unknown whether or not the ligand displaces such hydroxy group by virtue of substituting one of its reserve coordination sites to form a ring or chelate structure with aluminumwhich structure is considered theoretically much more stable than the socalled simple covalently bonded hydroxide to aluminum bond.
• Tridentate gluconate ligand or possible tetradentate ligand structures Tridentate gluconate ligand or possible tetradentate ligand structures.
• the gamma hydroxy hydrogen is not shown in the depicted structure above, its absence being ascribable to either conversion to water, by neutralization, or simply by way of illustrating its la'bility by positioning it outside the brackets with the secondary metals (e.g., alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, zinc, zirconium, cationic aluminum, etc.), it is theoretically not mandatory to show its absence in order to justify the alcoholic or hydroxy group's coordination and chelation to the central metal ion, i.e., aluminum.
• the secondary metals e.g., alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, zinc, zirconium, cationic aluminum, etc.
• the present invention contemplates the substitution of AOH in the form of the bidentate ion formed from the monocarboxylic alpha-hydroxy acid of the formula:
• the A0 constitutes a bivalent bidentate ion and the AOH constitutes a univalent bidentate ion.
• chelate x is an integer from 1 to 5, and preferably from 1 to 4 inclusive; y is unity for bidentate ions and 2 for tetradentate ions; 2: is an integer from 1 to 4, and preferably from 1 to 3 inclusive; n is 2 for bidentate ions when the valency of M is greater than 1 and is unity in all other cases; 1 is the valency of M divided by n; m is the valency of M and v is an integer from 0 to 6 inclusive with the proviso that when M and M are the same metal then z is not less than y.
• the chelates of the present invention comprise polymeric forms, as well as the monomeric form.
• M is selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium
• 0A is selected from the group consisting of the bidentate ions formed from the monocarboxylic alpha-hydroxy acids of the formula:
• R is one of the groups and the tetradentate ions formed from tartaric and citric acids of the respective formulae:
• x is an integer from 1 to 5, and preferably from 1 to 4 inclusive; y is unity for bidentate ions and 2 for tetradentate ions; z is an integer from 1 to 4, and preferably from 1 to 3 inclusive; n is 2 for bidentate ions when the valency of M is greater than 1 and is unity in all other cases; 1 is the valency of M divided by n; m is the valency of M and v is an integer from 0 to 6 inclusive; and polymeric forms thereof.
• the aluminum is contained in the anionic part of the molecule and is chelated by less than the equivalent proportion, by which is meant less than the maximum number of coordinate positions available on the aluminum atom, and ordinarily about half this proportion of lactic or like chelating carboxylic acid.
• the process of the invention comprises reacting an aluminum compound with the chelating carboxylic acid and establishing the pH of the finished product, by the addition of sodium hydroxide or like alkali, at a level of about 7.5-9 in case the product is to be used in the soap stick type of antiperspirant or at about 39, and preferably 49, for use in a liquid solution, as in a spray or other conventional type of antiperspirant.
• the chelation only to this extent leaves the aluminum active as an antiperspirant, increases the number of equivalents of aluminum for unit weight of the entire antiperspirant and thus makes possible an effective proportion of aluminum for a stick antiperspirant, and, on the other hand, chelates the aluminum to the extent that the product is miscible with alcohol and the aluminum therein is not precipitable by soap.
• the alcohol content of the antiperspirant stick of desired consistency may be decreased to a desirably low level, as, for example, as little as 30%40% of the total weight and usually about 35%.
• Such low proportion of alcohol eliminates or minimizes the irritation caused on certain skins by alcohol of the high concentration otherwise required in stick antiperspirants, decreases the proportion of the whole antiperspirant composition that evaporates quickly after application, and decreases also the dehydrating effect caused by alcohol of high concentration on the skin.
• the sodium or the other alkali metal content is variable, as in the proportion corresponding to 11.6 atoms for 1 Al.
• the part within the bracket is anionic.
• z is a number within the range 24 and the chelate can be represented as either the (OOCCHOHCH or [OOCCHOCH according to the number of equivalent weights of sodium or alkali metal.
• a representative product of this modified type corresponds to the composition of about the proportions shown in the empirical formula Na [Al (OH) (OOC.CHOH.CH
• any one of the aluminum chlorhydroxy complexes at present in use as antiperspirants as for instance the one of the empirical formula Al (OH )Cl or any one in which the proportion of Al:Cl in the complex is about 1.5-2.5 1.
• the aluminum compound for our process of making the less satisfactory product containing no chlorine we may start with a basic aluminum compound.
• basic compounds that we use are sodium, potassium, and ammonium aluminates. These are understood to contain, when dissolved in water, coordinated hydroxy groups.
• the carboxylic acid used to react with the selected aluminum compound is metal chelating, non-toxic under the conditions of use, water and alcohol soluble, and suitably of molecular weight that is relatively low.
• alcoho as used herein is meant to include both monohydroxy alcohols, and polyhydroxy alcohols, such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol and solutions of hexitols. Lactic acid meets the requirements and illustrates the class to be chosen.
• Other hydroxycarboxylic acids that may be used less effectively, as in making sticks of lower aluminum content, are citric, tartaric, and mixtures thereof.
• Still other hydroxycarboxylic acids that are water or alcohol soluble maybe used. Examples of these include glycolic, gluconic, trihydroxy glutaric, citryl trigluconic, citryl monogluconic, citryl digluconic, malic, tetrahydroxy adipic, and citramalic acids, and mixtures thereof.
• proportions in respect to antiperspirant sticks we use a balance between the total of basic and acidic groups so as to' establish the best pH levels for the different for-ms of the finished antiperspirant.
• the proportion of the hydroxycarboxylic acid must be adequate to make the aluminum in the antiperspirant non-precipitable when tested by the addition of ammonium hydroxide to establish the pH at 9.
• an alkali metal aluminate is the material treated with hydroxycarboxylic acid and the proportion of acid used exceeds 1.5 equivalents for 1 atom of aluminum, then an alkali metal (Na, K, Li) hydroxide or carbonate is added to establish the necessary pH of 39.
• an alkali metal Na, K, Li
• the aluminum chlorhydroxy complex is the starting material, then the alkali is added in all cases. The amount of it required to establish the necessary pH varies with the amount of lactic or other acid used.
• liquid medium for dispersing or dissolving our anionic aluminum antiperspirant we use ordinarily water or a water solution of a soluble non-tonic, non-irritating organic liquid.
• organic liquids that we use are the alcohols, ethanol, isopropanol, propanol and propylene glycol.
• the medium chosen must be one in which the aluminum complex is soluble in proportion to give a commercially acceptable antiperspirant effect, as for example, 2.5-7 parts of aluminum calculated as the oxide for 100 parts of the said medium. This corresponds to about ll%34% of the complex on the dry basis.
• Heating is resorted to, particularly when the aluminum is supplied initially in the form of an aluminum chlorhydroxy complex, to accelerate the chelation.
• the explanation of the acceleration may involve first a decomplexing action on the said complex in contact with the chelating acid.
• the chelating acid obtains access to the aluminum and the aluminum undergoes chelation so as to withdraw aluminum ion from the system.
• heating at a moderate temperature is used.
• a temperature of 75 C. is a preferred maximum, for lactic acid; and up to 95 C. for gluconic acid.
• heating to reflux temperature can be achieved.
• the heating is continued, as at 60 C.75 C., as for 2-5 hours, until tests with ionic precipitants for aluminum (ammonia and soluble soap) show no precipitation even on heating with ammonia and the soap, such as sodium stearate, for a half hour or so at C.
• ionic precipitants for aluminum ammonia and soluble soap
• the chelated composition made with the heating step gives stable compositions when stirred into hot alcohol solutions of soap and remains stable and non-clouding when the resulting solution is cooled, in the next step according to our invention, and is thus set to a gel.
• the proportion of soap used in the alcohol solution with vary somewhat with the nature of the soap and the specific alcohol selected, in accordance with known technique for making gels by dissolving soaps in hot alcohols and cooling to cause setting to gel form.
• a normally solid, alcohol soluble soap of which sodium stearate is an example, for 100 parts of the alcohol calculated to the anhydrous basis.
• a suitable proportion is about 16-24 parts of the soap for 100 of the ethanol.
• Satisfactory soaps that illustrate the class to be used are the sodium salts of stearic, palmitic, and lauric acids.
• liquid antiperspirants and by liquid antiperspirants as used herein is meant both antiperspirants which are used in the form of a liquid and liquid antiperspirants which are subsequently converted into solid antiperspirants, alkali metal aluminum carboxylic acid chelates are provided, alkaline earth metal aluminum carboxylic acid chelates are provided, and also, there are provided the aluminum carboxylic acid chelates of zinc, aluminum, ammonium, and of zirconyl, namely (ZrO) and mixtures of the foregoing. These chelates are soluble in water and in the stomach fluids, and are characterized by antacid action immediately upon administration.
• the aluminum is chelated in the anionic part of the molecule, except where aluminum-aluminum complexes are comprehended.
• aluminum-aluminum complexes are meant those complexes in which the aluminum is present in both the cationic and the anionic part of the molecule.
• the aluminum is chelated in the anionic part of the molecule it is associated with the hydroxy group of an alphaor betahydroxy aliphatic carboxylic acid. Ordinarily, from one-half to all of the coordination positions of the aluminum atom are taken up by reaction with the acids. Free carboxylic acid groups of the chelate are taken up by neutralization with aluminum hydroxide or aluminate and the resulting salt is water soluble.
• the process of the invention comprises reacting an aluminum compound with a chelating alphaor beta-hydroxy aliphatic carboxylic acid, and establishing the pH in the finished product by addition of a non-toxic alkaline earth metal hydroxide or basic salt of the aforesaid alkaline earth metals, or by the use of a non-toxic alkali metal hydroxide or basic salt, such as sodium, potasium, lithum hydroxide or carbonate, or the oxide, hydroxide, carbonate or basic carbonate of zinc or aluminum or zirconium, and mixtures thereof, to within the range of a pH of between 4 to about 9.
• the pH can go as low as about 3.
• Aluminum compounds are the most widely used antiperspirants commercially. Many types of aluminum compounds have been used, ranging from relatively waterinsoluble compounds, such as aluminum hydroxide, which has a relatively low activity, because of the small amount of aluminum ion provided in aqueous solution, to quite soluble but corrosive aluminum compounds, such as aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, and aluminum sulfamate. These compounds have the disadvantage that the high antiperspirant activity obtained due to the very high water solubility and subsequent hydrolysis of the compound is offset by the corrosive action of the acid which remains after the aluminum is taken up by reaction with perspiration acids. Aluminum chlorhydroxy complexes have recently become available, and have proven very successful antiperspirants, because they supply a high concentration of aluminum ion and are not corrosive.
• Aluminum has a coordination number of 4 or 6, usually 6, and will form chelates with various types of organic compounds, such as the alphaand beta-hydroxy aliphatic organic acids.
• the concentration of aluminum ion can be very low.
• Aluminum hydroxide is an effective antacid, and because aluminum ion will be released from the chelate as fast as it is removed from the stomach fluids by reaction with stomach acids, a fully complexed aluminum chelate is useful as an antacid.
• the aluminum ion concentration is insufficient to provide antiperspirant acitvity.
• aluminum hydroxide is not regarded by most authorities as being an effective antiperspirant, and aluminum hydroxide supplies a higher concentration of aluminum than a fully complexed aluminum organic acid chelate.
• each of the aforementioned compounds namely the alkali metal aluminum carboxylic acid chelates, the alkaline earth metal aluminum carboxylic acid chelates, and the aforementioned compounds of zinc, zirconium, aluminum-aluminum (namely where the aluminum is present in the cationic portion of the molecule as well as in the anionic portion of the molecule), and ammonium, and mixtures thereof are provided in which aluminum is incompletely complexed, so that as many as 6 and as few as 2 of the 6 coordination positions of the aluminum are taken up by reaction with hydroxy aliphatic acid. Inasmuch as in such complexes the aluminum has free positions available for reaction with acid, the chelate has some of the characteristics of aluminum ion.
• the chelate itself is active as an antiperspirant, and the antiperspirant activity is not restricted to aluminum ions supplied by ionization of the chelate complex itself.
• Such a partially complexed aluminum chelate is also more effective as an antacid than a fully complexed chelate, although both are useful for this purpose, in contrast to use as antiperspirants.
• Such chelates can be employed in the presence of soap, because neither the chelate nor aluminum ion formed by ioniza tion of the chelate is present in suflicient concentration to form an aluminum soap precipitate.
• the chelates of this invention are effective and non-irritating antiperspirants, and when taken internally are outstandingly effective as antacids, yielding both immediate and prolonged relief from hyperacidity.
• the aluminum is chelated in the anionic part of the molecule, by assoication with the hydroxy and carboxylate groups of an alphaor beta-hydroxy aliphatic carboxylic acid.
• the coordination positions of the aluminum atom are taken up by reaction with the acid.
• all 6 of the coordination positions of the aluminum can be taken up, but the partially complexed chelates are more effective, and are preferred.
• Free carboxylic acid groups of the chelate are taken up by neutralization with aluminum (as hydroxide or aluminate) or alkali metal, and the resulting salt is water-soluble.
• the process of the invention comprises reacting an aluminum compound with a chelating alphaor beta-hydroxy aliphatic carboxylic acid, and establishing the pH in the finished product by addition of one of the aforesaid metals or ammonium M in the form of its hydroxide, or a basic salt, or ammonium hydroxide, if necessary, as heretofore indicated to within the range from about 3 to about 9.
• the pH is generally adjusted to at least 7 whereas when it is to be used in a liquid solution, either as an antacid or as a liquid antiperspirant in spray form or the like, the pH is adjusted to at least 4.
• the starting aluminum compound is a strongly basic compound such as an alkali metal aluminate
• sufficient alkali metal is generally present in solution so that it may not be necessary to subsequently add additional quantities of a basic alkali metal compound to the mixture to raise the pH thereof. In some cases, it may even be necessary to add additional acid to lower the pH to the desired level.
• an alkali metal or ammonium aluminate can be employed, such as sodium or potassium or ammonium aluminates, or reactive aluminum hydroxide such as in the form of the gel, either dry or wet, or aluminum alcoholates, such as aluminum ethylate, aluminum isopropylate, aluminum sec-butoxide, or aluminum tert-butoxide.
• Chlorine-containing aluminum chelates are obtained by reaction of the acid with an aluminum chlorhydroxy complex corresponding to the formula:
• a proportion of acid is employed to establish the best pH level for the finished product, and is adequate to take up at least 3 up to a total of preferably 4 but optionally 6 of the coordinating positions of the aluminum, which total 6'.
• the number of positions taken up by one mole of the hydroxy carboxylic acid will depend upon the available chelating groups in the acid. In the case of lactic acid, one mole of the acid will take up 2 coordination positions, 2 moles Will take up 4 of the coordination positions, and 3 moles will take up 6. Thus, in the case of lactic acid, from 1 to 3 moles of the acid per aluminum atom give satisfactory results.
• M is a monovalent cation such as ammonium, lithium, sodium or potassium.
• M is divalent, such as zinc, magnesium, calcium, or
• citric acid it all three of the carboxylic acid groups and the hydroxyl group react, one mole of the acid will take up four coordination positions of each aluminum atom. However, all of these chelating groups need not react, and in this event a greater amount of the acid could be used without fully coordinating the aluminum.
• the pH of the composition is adjusted to within the desired range. Where the chelate is prepared by reacting the acid with aluminum chlorhydroxy complex, the pH of the resulting solution is frequently too low and must be increased to within the range of 3 to 9 by the addition of one of the aforesaid metals or ammonium M in the form of its hydroxide, or a basic salt, or ammonium hydroxide.
• the pH if too high, can be adjusted downwardly by the addition of an acid such as a mineral acid or the chelating acid. In either case, the proportion of M in the complex changes accordingly.
• the chelating reaction can be carried out in any aqueous or organic solution of the reactants.
• water or an aqueous solution of water-miscible organic liquid can be used, such as any of the aliphatic alcohols, ethanol, glycerol and propylene glycol being exemplary.
• Polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol and propylene glycol can be used also in organic solutions.
• the medium chosen must be one in which the aluminum chelate in soluble.
• reaction solution it is usually necessary to heat the reaction solution at an elevated temperature within the range from about 45 to about C., to effect the chelation. Elevated temperatures in particular are required, when the aluminum is supplied initially in the form of an aluminum chlorohydroxy complex.
• the reaction may involve first a decomplexing action on the chlorhydroxy complex, in contact with the chelating acid.
• the chelating acid obtains access to the aluminum, and the aluminum then undergoes chelation, so as to withdraw aluminum ions from the chlorhydroxy complex into the chelating acid complex.
• reaction is continued until chelation is complete. From 2 to 5 hours may be required at temperatures of from 60 to 75 C., and correspondingly longer times at lower temperatures.
• an ionic precipitant for aluminum such as ammonia, in an amount to exceed the isoelectric point, Le, a pH of 6.5 to 7, and a soluble stearate soap in an amount to precipitate aluminum stearate.
• the pH of the complex is adjusted to the desired level.
• the pH is adjusted to within the range from about 3 to about 9.
• pH adjustment is normally accomplished by incorporating a sufficient amount of the aforementioned metals or ammonium M in the form of its hydroxide or basic salt, such as the carbonates, as for example, sodium hydroxide or carbonate or potassium hydroxide or carbonate, or ammoniurn hydroxide.
• the metal or ammonium M thus forms a salt with the aluminum chelate, and this salt is water-soluble.
• the chelated solution can be formulated into any form of antacid composition.
• the solution can be used as such as a liquid antacid. It can be gelled by addition of a Suitable gelling agent, such as for example, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin, sodium alginate, or pectin. It can also be dried 'by any convenient method, such as by spray or tray drying, to recover a solid material which is water-soluble and which can be either anhydrous or in the form of a hydrate.
• the soluble material can, if desired, be taken up on a solid non-toxic carrier, such as calcium carbonate or sodium silicate, so as to increase its bulk, but this usually is not required, and may have the undesirable effect of considerably slowing down the rate of solution of the composition in the stomach following administration, thus converting what could have been an immediate antacid effect into a delayed antacid effect. Nonetheless, in some cases a delayed effect may be desired, so that such an excipient is not always disadvantageous.
• a solid non-toxic carrier such as calcium carbonate or sodium silicate
• the complex chelates of the invention are particular- 1y advantageous as antacid compositions because of their immediate antacid effect, due to their water solubility. They are immediately soluble in the stomach fluids, and immediately effective as antacids as a result. They impart a sustained antacid effect for a long period of time, due to the slowly released but adequate concentration of aluminum ion provided from the complex.
• the chelate serves as a reservoir supplying additional aluminum ion as fast as the aluminum ion supply is dissipated, and maintains a considerable reserve supply of aluminum over a one and one-half to two hour period or longer.
• the anion portion thus effectively acts as an antacid.
• the basicity of the aluminum chelates is greater than that of ordinary aluminum hydroxide, because up to three additional coordinating positions of the aluminum are taken up in the chelate with basic ions, as compared with water in the case of aluminum hydroxide.
• the chelates of the invention make possible the formulation of antacid systems which can be made to have a pH varying over a wide range, due to the possible variations in the proportions of aluminum chelating acids and metal and ammonium cations M. Thus, it is possible to tailor the proportions of these components of the chelates so as to meet any pH need. It is possible, by proper adjustment of the components of the chelates of the invention, to meet specific pH requirements, and accordingly the antacids of the invention are readily formulated in compositions where close regulation of the pH is desired.
• the antacids of the invention are water-soluble, they show little or no tendency to adsorb other active ingredients present in the antacid composition. In this respect, they are to be contrasted with aluminum hydroxide, which is a very good adsorbent, and has a tendency to adsorb, and accordingly inactivate, other adjuncts of antacid compositions of which it is a component.
• the aluminum chelates of the invention in which the aluminum is incompletely complexed also are useful in the formation of an ip pirant compositions of all types,
• the chelate is insufiiciently ionized and provided a concentration of aluminum ion less than that required to form aluminum soaps
• these chelates can be used in formulations containing soaps or soap fatty acids, and are completely compatible in such solutions at all pHs within the range from 7 to 9.
• the chelate need not be acid but can be made to have a pH on the alkaline side from 7 to about 9, there is a significant absence of corrosiveness or irritation, and there is a lesser problem in the selection of emulsifying agents.
• the chelates can be used under conditions at which the salting-out effect is not observed.
• the composition can be formulated so as to be non-destructive to perfuming agents, because of the wide range of pHs within which the chelate is stable.
• the aluminum chelates because of their solubility in water and miscibility with organic solvents, can be used in high concentrations.
• the recommended concentration range is from 5% to about 40% of the chelate by weight of the composition.
• the presence of the acid in the chelate indicates a higher concentration of the chelate, because of the lesser weight proportion of the aluminum than in the case, for example, of aluminum hydroxide. However, this higher proportion introduces no problem, because of the solubility of the chelate.
• Cream and paste formulations will normally contain, in addition to the chelate and vehicle, an oil or wax, an emulsifying agent, and a pigment or opacifying agent. Lotions will normally be clear, and will contain an appropriate solvent or mixture of solvents plus a buffer to maintain the desired pH. All formulations will contain small amounts of perfume. Both water-in-oil and oil-inwater type emulsion creams can be employed as the base or vehicle for the aluminum chelate.
• the art is well aware of the types of formulations, which are conventional, and the aluminum chelates of the invention can be used in all such formulations, because of their solubility, and compatibility with other conventional antiperspirant components. A number of various types of formulations are illustrated in the examples.
• the aforesaid metal and ammonium aluminum chelates of the invention are particularly advantageous in the formulation of antiperspirant sticks, because of their compatibility with soaps and soaps and soap fatty acids.
• gels are prepared by stirring the chelates prepared by means of this invention, adjusted to a pH of at least 7, into hot alcohol solutions of soap and thereafter cooling.
• the proportion of soap used in the alcohol solution will vary somewhat with the nature of the soap and the specific alcohol selected, in accordance with known techniques for making gels by dissolving soaps in hot alcohols and cooling to cause setting to gel form.
• the normally solid alcoholsoluble soap of which sodium stearate is an example
• parts of the alcohol calculated on the anhydrous basis.
• the alcohol used is ethanol, either denatured or undenatured, a suitable proportion is about 16 to 24 parts of the soap per 100 parts of the ethanol.
• Satisfactory soaps that illustrate the class of applicable soaps to be used are the sodium salts of stearic, palmitic and lauric acids.
• the antacid characteristics of the compounds of the invention are determined by the method of Holbert, Noble, and Grote, Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, 36, 149 (1947) and 37, 292 (1948), Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, 41, 361 (1952).
• a test sample of antacid is added to 150 ml. of pH 1.5 hydrochloric acid containing 2 g. of pepsin N.F. per liter (artificial gastric juice) at 37 .5 C. 20 ml. of the artificial gastric juice is withdrawn every 10 minutes, and replaced with an equal volume of fresh gastric juice.
• test procedure used in the work reported in the following examples was carried out by continuously introducing fresh artificial gastric juice and removing antacid gastric juice mixture by overflow at the rate of 2 ml. per minute.
• the antacid effect is determined by measuring the pH of the artificial gastric juice during the test period, which was two hours (1210 minutes).
• EXAMPLE 1 71.6 grams of aluminum monochlorohydroxide A1 (OH) C1 (50% aqueous solutions), 82.6 grams of malic acid and 33 grams of deionized water were mixed and heated with agitation for two hours at 60 C. The pH of the resulting solution was 1.1, and was adjusted to 7.0 by reaction with 159.5 grams of 40% potassium hydroxide at 65 C. for 2.5 hours. The resultant product was a clear stable aqueous solution of potassium aluminum chlorhydroxy malate having a potassium content of 13.5%, an aluminum oxide content of 5.46%, a malic acid content of 26.8%, a chlorine content of 1.9%, and a density of 330 Baum at 28 C.
• Glycerol monostearate self emulsifying grade
• the four ingredients were mixed and heated to 75 C. with agitation, then adding the water and continuing agitation until the temperature had dropped to 37 C., whereupon the perfume and then the active ingredient were blended in.
• the composition was a smooth cream with excellent antiperspirant activity.
• EXAMPLE 2 56 grams of dried aluminum hydroxide gel, U.S.P. (F-1000), was mixed with 200.8 grams of glucono-deltalactone and 84 grams of deionized water, and heated at 75C., with agitation, for 3.5 hours. The pH of the resulting solution was 2.8. Next, 77.3 grams of a 40% aqueous potassium hydroxide solution was added, and heating and agitation were continued to yield a clear solution of potassium aluminum hydroxy gluconate, having a pH of 7.0 and a density of 33 Baum at 28 C. This solution contained 7.8% potassium, 5.0% aluminum oxide, and 41.1% gluconic acid.
• a second batch of this complex was prepared as follows:
• a satisfactory oil-in-water type of antiperspirant cream was prepared according to the following formulation:
• EXAMPLE 3 Sodium aluminum chlorhydroxy lactate was prepared by mixing 122 grams of aluminum chlorhydroxide pH dose pH dose Time Time, minutes minutes w m t a r r r r w s s w. @QOOOCOOQOSSOmO r aev m r r r a r t z r NWWMOJWNlOLOMNlOMr- The foregoing data shows the effectiveness of the compound prepared in accordance with this example as an antacid. Within 1.5 seconds after administration of the compound, the pH of the system was raised from the hyperacid level of 1.5 to a comfortable level of 3.0 and the pH was retained above 3.0, without the use of further quantities of the compound, for about 2.3 hours.
• Example 3 was repeated using, in place of 33 grams of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, 37 grams of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, thereby adjusting the pH to 7.0.
• the resultant product had aluminum content of 9.9%, a lactic acid content of 21.3%, a sodium content of 3.7% and a chlorine content of 3.4%.
• the following data was obtained using the method of Holbert, Noble, and Grote, using a 10 cc. dose.
• the pH is raised to above 3.0 in less than 1 second, and is retained above 3.0 for over 3 hours.
• Sodium aluminum chlorhydroxy lactate was prepared by mixing 2180 grams of a 50% aqueous solution of aluminum chlorhydroxide, Al (OH) Cl, with 1200 grams of deionized water and 1700 grams of 80% lactic acid, reacting for 2 hours at 70 C. and thereafter adding 940.6 grams of 60% aqueous sodium hydroxide. 581.2 grams of the solution were air dried in a circulating oven at 60 C. for 37 hours to yield 234 grams of water-soluble solid sodium aluminum chlorhydroxy lactate, which was found on analysis to contain 22.1% aluminum oxide, 58.6% lactic acid, 11.7% sodium, and 7.5% chlorine.
• An oil-in-water type antiperspirant cream was prepared by mixing the following ingredients in the amounts stated at 70 C.
• the product was a smooth cream, with excellent antiperspirant activity. There was no precipitate of aluminum stearate, despite the presence of stearic acid.
• EXAMPLE 6 Sodium aluminum hydroxy citrate was prepared by mixing an aqueous solution containing 18.2% sodium aluminate with 95 grams of granular citric acid and heating the mixture with agitation at 60 C. for 0.5 hour. Thereafter 44.9 .grams of a 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added, yielding a clear stable solution having a pH of 6.5, an aluminum oxide content of 5.1%, a citric acid content of 27% and a sodium content of 3.9%. 1
• a 5 cc. test dose was effective in raising the pH from 1.5 to 3.0 in 3 seconds and maintaining the pH above 3.0 for 80 minutes while a 10 cc. dose raised the pH to 3.0 in less than 1 second and maintained it above 3.0 for 3 hours.
• Potassium aluminum dihydroxy gluconate was prepared by mixing 70.4 grams of dried aluminum hydroxide gel with 126.5 grams of glucono-delta-lactone and 53 grams of deionized water and heating with agitation at 60 to 70 C. for 5.5 hours. The pH of the resulting solution was 4.5. Thereafter, 50 grams of 40% aqueous potassium hydroxide solution was added, to yield a clear stable solution of potassium aluminum hydroxy gluconate having a pH of 5.75, aluminum oxide content of 7.9% potassium content of 3.0%, gluconic acid content of 30.9%, aluminum to gluconate ratio 0.99 to 1.00 and a density of 27.5 Baum at 28 C. Excellent antacid characteristics were observed.
• a water-in-oil type antiperspirant cream was prepared by mixing the following ingredients at 60 C. and homogenizing.
• the resulting smooth cream had excellent antiperspirant activity.
• EXAMPLE 8 Sodium aluminum chlorhydroxy citrate was prepared by mixing 113.5,grams of aqueous aluminum chlorhydroxide with 98 grams of water and 55 grams of citric acid monohydrate and reacted for 1.5 hours at 60 C. Thereafter, 63.7 grams of the 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added with agitation. The resultant product was a clear stable aqueous solution having a pH of 8.40, an aluminum oxide content of 10.3%, a citric acid content of 19.7%, a sodium content of 7.05%, and a chlorine content of 3.7%. When tested by the method of H01- bert, Noble, and Grote, this solution showed the following antacid characteristics.
• EXAMPLE 9 Sodium aluminum chlorhydroxy tartrate was prepared by mixing 89.5 grams of aluminum chlorhydroxide with 49 grams of water and 61.9 grams of tartaric acid and reacting at 65 C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, 57.4 grams of aqueous sodium hydroxide was added, yielding a clear stable aqueous solution of sodium aluminum chlorhydroxy tartrate having a pH of 7.6, an aluminum oxide content of 5.95%, a tartaric acid content of 17.5% and a sodium content of 4.7%.
• a 10 cc. dose consisting of 2.7 cc. of the solution prepared as above and 1.3 cc. of water
• the pH of the system was raised from the hyperacid level of 1.5 to a comfortable level of 3.0 in 1.5 seconds and the pH of the system was maintained above 3.0 for 104 minutes and above 2.5 for 148 minutes.
• EXAMPLE 10 11.3 parts of solid sodium aluminate containing 45% aluminum oxide was dissolved in 100 parts of water and then reacted with 100 parts of an aqueous 13.5% solution of lactic acid. The solution was then heated under reflux for 4 hours, and concentrated by evaporation at a temperature of 70 C. to give a solution of sodium aluminum hydroxy lactate containing 5.6% aluminum oxide. When tested by the method of Holbert, Noble, and Grote, this solution showed good antacid characteristics.
• EXAMPLE 11 118 parts of 85% lactic acid solution was added to 155 parts of a 50% aqueous solution of an aluminum chlorhydroxy complex (Al (OH) Cl, to which were added also 150 parts of water. This complex solution was then adjusted to a pH of 8.25 with 365 parts of 3 N sodium hydroxide and heated at 75 C. until the aluminum therein was not precipitable by ammonia added to pH 9. This required 4 hours. The resulting solution, containing about 4.34% of aluminum calculated as the oxide, was then concentrated to approximately 8.5% A1 0 by evaporation at 70 C.
• Al (OH) Cl aluminum chlorhydroxy complex
• the chelate solution displaced the following antacid activity, by the Holbert, Noble, and Grote test procedure.
• EXAMPLE 12 An antiperspirant stick was made as follows: A sodium aluminate solution was first prepared by dissolving 11.3 parts of sodium aluminate (45% A1 in 100 parts of water, the water being understood to introduce coordinated hydroxy groups into the molecule of sodium aluminate. The resulting hydroxy-containing sodium aluminate was then reacted with 100 parts of an aqueous solution of lactic acid containing 13.5 parts of lactic acid. There are thus used 1.5 moles of the hydroxycarboxylic acid for 1 gram of aluminum in the aluminate.
• the lactate solution so made was heated under reflux for about 4 hours and then concentrated by evaporation at a temperature of 70 C., to give a solution containing approximately 6% of aluminum as A1 0 Into 50 parts of the hot concentrated solution so made there were then stirred 64 parts of anhydrous denatured alcohol (No. 3A) in which had been dissolved in advance 7 parts of commercial sodium stearate.
• No. 3A anhydrous denatured alcohol
• the concentration of the sodium aluminate solution duringthe reaction with lactic acid is important to limit the concentration of the sodium aluminate solution duringthe reaction with lactic acid, but not necessarily with all hydroxy carboxylic acids. If the proportion of the sodium aluminum is substantially in excess of 2.5 parts of aluminum calculated as the oxide for 100 of the mixed solutions at the time of reaction with the lactic acid, undesired precipitation occurs. For this reason, the concentration is kept at or below 2.5 parts. After the reaction is effected, then the resulting solution of the sodium aluminum hydroxy lactate may be and suitably is concentrated to an 80% solution concentration or more without causing precipitation.
• the product so made does not crystallize or separate on standing.
• the aluminum is chelated or otherwise contained in a complex to the extent that the aluminum is not precipitated at pH 8.25.
• the antiperspirant solutions made as described above show special advantages over the aluminum hydroxy type previously used in the making of creams, because of the relatively high pH of the solutions as compared to those of the previous type.
• a perfume of kind and in amount desired is introduced at some stage before the hot solution is cooled.
• a humectant such as propylene glycol, sorbitol, or glycerine in the usual amount may be incorporated in the hot soap solution of either Example 11 or 12.
• EXAMPLE 13 A liquid antiperspirant was made as follows: 63 parts of citric acid USP was dissolved in 340 parts water. To this there was added slowly, with agitation, 38 parts of sodium aluminate (corresponding to about 17 parts A1 0 1 gram-atom of Al for 1 mole of citric acid) in 330 parts of water. The mixing and resulting reaction gave a solution of pH 8.3 containing the aluminum in the anion.
• Aluminum in the solution so made is not prcipitable by alkali as shown by the fact that the solution itself is alkaline. Further, this solution does not cause precipitation when mixed with a hot solution of sodium stearate of the kind described.
• the resulting anionic aluminum chelate solution may be used as a spray antiperspirant.
• the material is concentrated as described above, as to a content of 5% or more of aluminum calculated as A1 0 EXAMPLE 14 218 grams of a 50% aqueous solution of aluminum monochlorhydroxide Al (OH) Cl, 170 grams of 80% aqueous lactic acid, and 120 grams of water were mixed and heated at 60 to C. for 2 hours. Next, 43.6 grams of magnesium oxide was added, and heating and agitation were continued for 3 hours to yield a clear solution of magnesium aluminum chlorhydroxy lactate, having a pH of 5.3. When diluted with an equal volume of water, the pH was 5.4.
• This composition contained 5.8% aluminum oxide and 3.4% magnesium oxide.
• the antacid characteristics were as follows.
• this composition in a 15 cc. dose was capable of maintaining the pH within the range from 3.0 to 4.2 for about 3 hours.
• the particular effectiveness of this antacid compound is noted from its substantially instantaneous effect.
• the pH was raised from the hyperacid pH level of 1.5 to a comfortable level of 3.0, and maintained at pH 3 to 4.2 for 3 hours without the addition of further antacid composition.
• EXAMPLE 15 62.9 grams of a 50% aqueous chlorhydrol solution, Al (OH) Cl, 102.8 grams of glucono-delta-lactone solution, and 35 grams of water were mixed and heated at 60 to 75 C. for 2 hours with agitation. There was then added 26 grams of powdered calcium carbonate, and heating and stirring continued for 2.3 hours, yielding a clear solution of calcium aluminum chlorhydroxy gluconate having a pH of 6.4.
• compositions of this invention were capable of maintaining the pH within the range from 3.0 to 5.0 for over 3 hours.
• the unique ability of the compositions of this invention to relieve hyperacidity almost instantaneously is shown by the fact that it took only 1 second for the composition to raise the pH from the hyperacid level of 1.5 to the more comfortable level of 3.0.
• the composition essentially reached its maximum effectiveness within 15 seconds and retained this effectiveness without diminution for almost 1 hour, thereafter beginning to drop in effectiveness but still being potent enough to keep the pH above 3.0 for an additional 2 hours and 20 minutes.
• a smaller dosage was employed (5 cc. instead of 15 cc.), it took 2 seconds for the system to reach a pH of 3.0, and the pH was maintained above 3.0 for about 2 hours.
• EXAMPLE 16 62.9 grams of chlorhydrol, namely Al (OH) Cl, was reacted with 102.8 grams of glucono-delta-lactone and 35 grams of water at about 60 C. for about 2 hours. Thereafter, 20 grams of magnesium carbonate was added, and the mixture was reacted for an additional 1.7 hours at about 60 C. to form a clear aqueous solution of magnesium aluminum chlorhydroxygluconate having a pH of 5.5. The pH data taken in the Holbert, Noble, and Grote test carried out on a 15 cc. sample showed that the composition was capable of maintaining the pH within the range from 3.0 to 5.0 for nearly 4 hours.
• EXAMPLE 17 262 grams of the solution obtained in Example 16 was dried in an air circulating oven maintained at 60 C. for 18.5 hours until a constant weight was achieved, yielding 118 grams of a white, water soluble powder having an aluminum oxide content of 12.6%, a magnesium oxide content of 9.05%, a gluconic acid content of 87% and a chlorine content of 4.3%. The antacid effectiveness of this composition in a 2.3 g. dose was determined, with the following results.
• Tablets were prepared containing 5 grams each of the antacid powder, 0.5% magnesium stearate, mannitol and dextrose to taste. These tablets were effective antacids, capable of maintaining the pH between 3 and 5 for at least 2 hours, depending on the number of tablets per dose.
• EXAMPLE 18 106.5 grams of an aqueous chlorhydrol solution was mixed and reacted with 67.6 grams of 80% lactic acid in 48 grams of water for 2 hours. 42.1 grams of magnesium carbonate was then reacted with this mixture for 8 hours at 60 C. The pH was then adjusted with 100 grams of 80% lactic acid to 4.1, yielding a clear, stable aqueous solution of magnesium aluminum chlorhydroxy lactate, having a magnesium oxide content of 2.56%, a lactic acid content of 19.5% and a chlorine content of 1.2%. When administered as an antacid, in a 15 cc. close, this solution yielded effective results in maintaining the pH of the system between 3 and 5 for at least 2 hours.
• EXAMPLE 19 28.3 grams of dried aluminum hydroxide gel U.S.P. 50% A1 0 was reacted with 100.8 grams of gluconodelta-lactone in 42 grams of water at 75 C. for 3.5 hours. Thereafter, 25.7 grams of calcium catbonate was reacted for 1 hour at 75 C., yielding a clear, aqueous solution having a pH of 5.4 4 grams of 40% aqueous potassium hydroxide was added to adjust the pH to 6.5.
• the resultant product, a potaasium calcium alminum hydroxy gluconate contained 4.65% calcium oxide, 4.35% aluminum oxide, 34.2% gluconic acid, and 0.3% potassium.
• the density of the product was 268 Baum at 28 C.
• the antacid effectiveness of a 10 cc. dose was determined with the following results.
• EXAMPLE 20 337.4 grams of the solution obtained in Example 15 was air dried at 60 C. in an air circulating over for 17 hours to a constant weight of 105 grams.
• the solid material was a white, water-soluble powder having an aluminum oxide A1 content of 14.1%, a calcium oxide content of 13.9% and a chlorine content of 418%.
• This powder composition was an effective antacid, capable in a 1.8 g. dose of maintaining the pH of artificial gastric juice between 3 and for at least two hours, as shown by the following data.
• EXAMPLE 21 28.3 grams of aluminum hydroxide dried gel USP. 50% A1 0 was reacted with 100.8 grams of glucono delta-lactone and 42 g. of water for 3.5 hours at C. To the resulting aluminum hydroxy gluconate (8.2% A1 0 (100 grams) was added 23.5 grams of magnesium carbonate which was reacted with the solution at 60 C. for 1.5 hours, obtaining a clear, stable solution whose pH was 5.85.
• EXAMPLE 22 50 grams of aluminum hydroxide dried gel (F4000) was dissolved in 356.4 grams of glucono-delta-lactone and 300 grams of deionized water at 70 C. in 1 hour. 108 grams of 50% chlorhydrol (aluminum chlorhydroxide Al (OH) Cl) was then added, and the solution heated for 2 hours at 60 C. at the conclusion of the chelation to form the aluminum chlorhydroxy gluconate was added 135.5 grams of magnesium carbonate and the solution then heated at 70 C. for 6 hours.
• 50% chlorhydrol aluminum chlorhydroxide Al (OH) Cl
• EXAMPLE 24 369.5 grams of aluminum hydroxide compressed gel U.S.P. (1 -2000, 13.8% A1 0 was reacted with 356.4 grams of glucono-delta-lactone at 6070 C. for 5 hours. At the conclusion of the chelation to form the aluminum hydroxy gluconate 131 grams of 60% Mg(OH) paste was then reacted with this solution at 75-80 C. for 2% hours. A clear, stable, aqueous solution was obtained, magnesium aluminum hydroxy digluconate, having a pH of 7.3, density 30 Baum at 28 C., and containing 5.6% A1 0 6.6% MgO, and 47.8% gluconic acid.
• EXAMPLE 25 118 parts of 85% lactic acid solution were added to 155 parts of a 50% aqueous solution of an aluminum chlorhydroxy complex Al (OH) Cl, to which were added also 150 parts of water. This complex solution was then adjusted to a pH of 9.25 with 365 parts of 3/N sodium hydroxide and heated at 75 C. until the aluminum therein was not precipitable by ammonia added to pH 9 or by sodium stearate in alcohol solution. This required 4 hours. The resulting solution, containing about 4.34% of aluminum calculated as the oxide, was then concentrated to approximately 8.5% Al O by evaporation at 70 C.
• Al (OH) Cl aluminum chlorhydroxy complex
• EXAMPLE 26 An antiperspirant stick was made as follows: A sodium aluminate solution was first prepared by dissolving 11.3 parts of sodium aluminate (45% A1 0 in 100 parts of water, the water being understood to introduce coordinated hydroxy groups into the molecule of sodium aluminate. The resulting hydroxy-containing sodium aluminate was then reacted with 100 parts of an aqueous solution of lactic acid containing 13.5 Parts Of lactic acid. There are thus used 1.5 equivalents, here also 1.5 moles, of the hy droxycarboxylie acid for 1 atom of aluminum in the aluminate.
• the lactate solution so made was heated under reflux for about 4 hours and then concentrated by evaporation at a temperature of 70 C., to give a solution containing approximately 6% of aluminum as A1 0 Into 50 parts of the hot concentrated solution so made there were then stirred 64 parts of anhydrous denatured alcohol (No. 3A) in which had been dissolved in advance 7 parts of commercial sodium stearate.
• No. 3A anhydrous denatured alcohol
• the concentration of the sodium aluminate solution during the reaction with the lactic acid not necessarily all hydroxy carboxylic acids. If the proportion of the sodium aluminum is substantially in excess of 2.5 parts of aluminum calculated as the oxide for 100 of the mixed solutions at the time of reaction with the lactic acid, undesired precipitation occurs. For this reason, we keep the concentration at or below 2.5 parts. Thus, we avoid the precipitation.
• the resulting solution of the sodium aluminum hydroxy lactate may be and suitably is concentrated to as little as 40% or so of its original solution weight without causing precipitation.
• the product so made does not crystallize or separate on standing.
• the aluminum is chelated or otherwise contained in a complex to the extent that the aluminum is not precipitable by ammonia added in amount to establish a pH as high as or somewhat higher.
• the antiperspirant solutions made as described above show special advantages over the aluminum hydroxy type previously used in the making of creams, because of the relatively high pH of the solutions as compared to those of the previous type.
• perfume agent of kind and in amount desired is introduced at some stage before the hot solution is cooled.
• an humectant such as propylene glycol, sorbitol, or glycering in usual amount may be incorporated in the hot soap solution of either Example 25 or 26.
• EXAMPLE 27 A liquid antiperspirant was made as follows: 63 parts of citric acid U.S.P. was dissolved in 340 parts water. To this there was added slowly, with agitation, 38 parts of sodium aluminate (corresponding to about 17 prtas A1 0 or 9 Al, i.e., 1 equivalent of Al for 1 mole of citric acid) in 330 parts of water. The mixing and resulting reaction gave a solution of pH 8.3 containing the aluminum in the anion.
• Aluminum in the solution so made is not precipitable by alkali as shown by the fact that the solution itself is alkaline. Further, this solution does not cause precipitation when 'mixed with a hot alcoholic solution of sodium stearate of kind described.
• the resulting anionic aluminum solution may be used as a spray antiperspirant.
• the material is concentrated as described above, as to a content of 5% or more of aluminum calculated as A1 0 EXAMPLE 28
• Sodium bisgluconatoaluminate III was prepared as follows:
• the reaction product may be shown as a mixture of Na3[A12(OH)(C6H1oO7)4] and NaCl and may 'be depicted as:
• gluconate ligands are shown in both the bidentate and tridentate forms. It is not known with certainty which form predominates or whether the bidentate form is actually present to any appreciable degree. Where tridentation is postulated exclusively, then the system may be considered a mixture of the mono and di-sodium aluminum gluconate complexes, or the coordination number of aluminum would have to be assumed to be greater than six.
• the bridging hydroxide or 01 group may be considered to be displaced by glucomate with its subsequent neutralization by an alcoholic hydrogen of the gluconate ligand.
• EXAMPLE 29 56 grams of dried aluminum hydroxide gel (U.S.P. XV, 75% Al(OH) were reacted with a solution of 200.8 grams of gluconodelta lactone, and 84 grams of water at 75 C. for 3.5 hours with stirring. A clear solution resulted having a pH of 2.8.
• reaction product potassium hydroxy gluconate
• reaction product potassium hydroxy gluconate
• the uncoordinated delta hydroxyl group can displace the hydroxide group bonded to aluminum, thereby resulting in 2 similar tridentate gluconate species attached to aluminum, while retaining aluminums coordination number of '6.
• reaction products may be shown as a mixture of Na [Al(OH) (C5H10 7] Na [Al(OH) (Ca 10 7) s u 'zl and NaCl.
• Trisodium bistartratohydroxodialuminate III may be prepared as follows:
• EXAMPLE 31 150 grams of tartaric acid (U.S.P. grade)were dissolved in 1000 milliliters of water and reacted with 113 grams of sodium aluminate A1 0 made up to 965 milliliters total volume with water. A viscous solution, somewhat cloudy in appearance resulted which was further diluted with 250 milliliters of water. This system was allowed to agitate at 19 C. to 37 C. for about 7 hours.
• tartaric acid U.S.P. grade
• the reaction product was essentially trisodium bistartratohydroxodialuminate III.
• the preparation of sodium aluminum lactate is as follows:
• EXAMPLE 32 265 grams of U.S.P. aluminum hydroxide gel containing 12.8% A1 0 was reacted with and dissolved in 225 grams of 80 weight percent lactic acid. The solution cleared after about one-half hour at 35 95 C.
• reaction product may be depicted as:
• the preparation of sodium aluminum citrate was as follows:
• EXAMPLE 33 A one-third basic aluminum citrate was prepared by reacting 1000 grams of U.S.P. aluminum hydroxide gel (10.2% A1 0 with 279 grams of citric acid monohy- EXAMPLE 34- Another method for making sodium aluminum citrate is as follows:
• reaction product may be depicted as follows, with the hydroxy hydrogen being shown outside the brackets although it may also be shown as the un-ionized hydroxy or alcoholic group:
• Still another method of making sodium aluminum citrate is as follows:
• EXAMPLE 35 To 320 grams of the product of Example 34 above, there were added 22 milliliters of 3 normal sodium hydroxide to yield a clear solution with a pH of 8.0. Such a solution contains 1.5 moles of sodium per gram atom of aluminum and per mole of citric acid. It may thus be considered a mixture of the mono and disodium aluminum citrate complexes.
• EXAMPLE 36 218 grams of a 50 weight percent solution of aluminum chlorhydroxide complex, Al (OH) Cl, were reacted with 170 grams of weight percent lactic acid and grams of water at 70 C. for 2 hours, under reflux, to prevent loss of water to yield dialuminum chlorodihydroxytrilactate.
• the reaction product may be depicted as:
• reaction pr0duct(s) may be shown with the hydroxy hydrogen (of the alpha or beta hydroxy group of the chelating acids), attached to the oxygen as the alcoholic group or alternatively with the hydronium or hydrogen ion outside the brackets as the partially neutralized acidic form of the chelate, which taken together with the metal outside the bracket, represent the counterions of the anionic moiety of the chelate complexes.
• the reaction product may be depicted as:
• This material was maintained between 50 to 70 C. under agitation, and 50 grams of aluminum hydroxide, U.S.P. XIV powder were added at once. After 2 hours, the aluminum hydroxide was virtually all dissolved.
• the reaction product may be depicted as:
• the reaction product may be depicted as:
• reaction product may be depicted as:
• EXAMPLE 41 15 grams of tartaric acid were dissolved in 100 milliliters of water and reacted with 13.5 grams of a 50 weight percent solution of aluminum chlorohydroxide complex, containing 42 weight percent of Al (OH) Cl.
• EXAMPLE 42 63 grams of citric acid monohydrate were dissolved in 200 milliliters of water and reacted with 41.5 grams of a 50 weight percent solution of aluminum chlorhydroxide complex (42% Al (OI-I) Cl).
• Tetrasodium dialuminum monohydroxychlorotetraglycolate was prepared as, follows:
• EXAMPLE 43 174.4 grams of 50% aluminum chlorhydroxide complex as 42% Al '(OH) Cl were reacted with 128 grams of glycolic acid previously dissolved in 300 grams of water.
• EXAMPLE 44 79.5 grams of U.S.P. aluminum hydroxide gel (12.8% A1 0 were dissolved in 45 grams of weight percent lactic acid and 25 grams of water with agitation by the use of heat. The temperature ranged from 48 C. to C. for a period of about 2.5 hours after which a virtually clear solution resulted.
• the reaction product may be depicted as:
• EXAMPLE 45 50 grams of water and 36 grams of a 50 weight percent solution of lactic acid were reacted with 11.3 grams of sodium aluminate (45% A1 0 dissolved in 100 grams of water. The system was heated at 4060 C. until it became virtually clear. The pH was found to be 6.5.
• EXAMPLE 46 54 grams of water and 54 grams of a 50 weight percent solution of lactic acid were reacted with 11.3 grams of sodium aluminate dissolved in 100 grams of water. The system was heated for about minutes with agitation at 5060 C. after which time a clear solution resulted. The pH was found to be 5.5.
• reaction product may be depicted as either possessing 3 divalent or monovalent moles of lactic acid chelated to aluminum, with a single hydroxy group still bonded to the aluminum. In such a case a molecule of water would be understood to be also attached to aluminum; thus resulting in the assignation of a coordination number of 8 to aluminum, which is a somewhat tenuous assumption in the light of present knowledge.
• reaction product may be depicted in which the hydroxy group is displaced by the chelation of 3 moles of lactic acid.
• the lactic acid hydroxy hydrogens may be shown outside the brackets with sodium as the counter cations.
• Hydrogen outside bracket may also be shown bonded to original alcoholic oxygen.
• chelate complexes prepared in accordance with the present invention include:

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