US3547749A - Slide surfacing for ski slopes - Google Patents

Slide surfacing for ski slopes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3547749A
US3547749A US3547749DA US3547749A US 3547749 A US3547749 A US 3547749A US 3547749D A US3547749D A US 3547749DA US 3547749 A US3547749 A US 3547749A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pile
fibers
fabric
surfacing
slide
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Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
Inventor
James W G White
Harry A Freedman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BORG TEXTILE Corp A CORP OF DEL
Allied Corp
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Bunker Ramo Corp
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Publication of US3547749A publication Critical patent/US3547749A/en
Assigned to BORG TEXTILE CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DEL. reassignment BORG TEXTILE CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DEL. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BUNKER-RAMO CORPORATION
Assigned to ALLIED CORPORATION A CORP. OF NY reassignment ALLIED CORPORATION A CORP. OF NY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BUNKER RAMO CORPORATION A CORP. OF DE
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/10—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds for artificial surfaces for outdoor or indoor practice of snow or ice sports
    • E01C13/12—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds for artificial surfaces for outdoor or indoor practice of snow or ice sports for snow sports, e.g. skiing or ski tow track
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
    • Y10T428/23929—Edge feature or configured or discontinuous surface
    • Y10T428/23936—Differential pile length or surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
    • Y10T428/23957—Particular shape or structure of pile
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
    • Y10T428/23979—Particular backing structure or composition

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a slide surfacing material for I ski slopes.
  • the invention is concerned particularly with materials having characteristics such that skiers may descend slopes covered with the material in the same fashion and with much the same enjoyment as slopes covered with snow.
  • the general object of the present invention is to obviate the deficiencies heretofore associated with artificial skiing surfaces and to provide a slide surfacing material which can be installed conveniently on a slope and which will coact with skis to give effects similar to those given by snow.
  • Other objects of the invention are to provide a slide surfacing material for ski slopes which is not apt to injure a falling skier by causing abrasion burns and to provide a resiliently deformable surfacing material of adequate lateral and longitudinal stiffness to bridge depressions in the ski slope and smooth out some of the bumps to be encountered by the skier.
  • a sliver knit pile fabric having a dense, high pile made up of relatively large diameter synthetic staple fibers the upper end portions of which are bent over to extend generally parallel to and down the slope. These bent over fiber end portions present smooth surfaces for contacting the bottom faces of skis, and the friction forces tending to slow down the skiers are minimized. Good ski edge control is assured by the depth and resiliency of the pile. A skier can set his ski edges in the deep pile of the new surfacing material to control his movements in the same fashion as on snow.
  • the sliver knit pile fabric is back coated with a thick layer or layers of plastic or the like, flexible enough to permit the material to be installed. on slopes with ease but stiff enough to smooth out some of the bumps actually present on the slope.
  • the back coating also contributes importantly to the tear strength characteristics of the slide surfacing material as a whole, permitting pieces of the material to be joined together by such mechanical means as industrial staples and enabling the material to Withstand the puncturing forces of ski poles.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a portion of a hill in vertical cross section and showing a slide surfacing in accordance with the invention disposed on the slope of the hill;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic vertical cross sectional view of a small segment of the slide surfacing extending down the slope of the hill;
  • FIG. 3 is a stylized reverse plan view illustrating the construction of the base of a pile fabric which forms a component of the slide surfacing material of FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic cross sectional view depicting the orientation of the pile fibers of the fabric immediately after the knitting operation by which the pile fabric is formed but prior to the pile finishing operation which gives the upper end portions of the pile fibers the distinctive lay suggested in FIG. 2;
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are schematic face views of other embodiments of the invention in which the pile face of the slide surfacing material is not uniform but is interrupted in accordance with patterns;
  • FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 2 but showing features of another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustration of the slide surfacing material 2 of this invention as applied to a slope formed by a hill or mountain 4 is indicative of a presently preferred utilization of the invention.
  • a commercial ski resort may stabilize its season and free itself from complete dependence upon sometimes erratic weather conditions. If, at the beginning or end of a season, no snow at all is available, the surfacing material of the invention responds so well to the normal maneuvers of skiers that the skiers may pursue their sport without disappointment. Then, in mid-season when snow conditions are good, the presence of the slide surfacing material of the invention beneath the snow does not detract in any away from the enjoyment potential of the skiers.
  • the slide surfacing material 2 is made up of a sliver knit pile fabric 6 and a thick back coating 8, the characteristics of which will be referred to in greater detail below.
  • the pile fabric 6 may be formed on conventional deep pile knitting machines of the type in which carding heads are provided for feeding pile forming staple fibers to knitting needles carried by a rotating needle cylinder.
  • a suitable machine is disclosed, for example, in Brandt US. Pat. 2,710,525.
  • the pile fabric 6 includes pile fibers 10 interlocked with a base 12 made up of knitted stitches of body or backin yarns 14. Although most of the pile fibers have been omitted from FIG. 3 so as not to confuse the illustration of the components, it will be understood that a great many pile fibers are interlocked with the knitted stitches and protrude from the face side of the backing 12. In this embodiment, the density of the pile is intended to be substantially uniform over the face of the fabric and all of the knitted stitches in the base 12 bear pile fibers 10.
  • the pile fibers 10 of the as-knit fabric 6 extend substantially vertically from the base or backing 12 as indicated in FIG. 4.
  • the individual pile fibers have bends or crimps at various places along their lengths, but the general direction of the pile is a vertical one at this point in the manufacturing operation.
  • the backing is precoated with a suitable adhesive material, such as a filled acrylonitrile coating material.
  • the precoated fabric 6 is next subjected to the action of a machine generally known as an electrifier.
  • a machine generally known as an electrifier.
  • the pile surface of the fabric 6 is pressed against a rapidly rotating heated roll which has a grooved surface.
  • these pile fiber portions are subjected to substantial heat, friction and pressure.
  • Some of the crimp is removed from the pile fiber upper end portions and these portions are given a directional lay which disposes them generally parallel to the knitted backing 12.
  • the exposed fiber surfaces at the face of the pile fabric are smoothed and polished so as to minimize the drag which will be exerted by these fiber portions upon the base of a ski.
  • FIG. 2 The orientation of the pile fibers 10 after the fabric has been subjected to the action of the electrifier machine is indicated in FIG. 2, where only a few of the pile fibers have been shown and where these have been greatly enlarged in size and stylized to emphasize certain significant characteristics.
  • the bottom two-thirds to three-quarters parts of pile fibers 10 are fairly erect with respect to the base portion of the fabric, while the upper one-third to one-quarter parts of the pile fibers bend over to extend in the same general direction as the backing 12.
  • the lower end portions of the pile fibers would not protrude from the base at angles of precisely 90 but would be inclined slightly in the direction of extent of the fiber upper end portions. Angles in the neighborhood of 80 are frequently encountered, for example. Substantial amounts of crimp are retained in these fiber lower end portions to assure that the pile will have the necessary resilience and bulk.
  • the fiber upper end portions overlie and are supported by the more erect portions of other pile fibers, so that fit the compression characteristics of the pile are basically those of a construction in which the fibers are loaded from their ends.
  • the fabric is extended lengthwise down the slope 4 with the bent over pile fiber upper end portions directed downwardly.
  • the fabric 6 After the pile finishing operation carried out on the electrifier machine, the fabric 6 is provided with the back coating 8. Although various coating or laminating procedures may be employed if desired, a particularly convenient procedure is to pass the fabric 6 through a knife coater a plurality of times to apply sequentially a number of layers of the coating material to build up the desired thickness.
  • compositions may be employed for the back coating and the physical form of the material is not critical.
  • foamed materials may be employed to advantage.
  • the back coating selected should be resistant to weathering, flexible enough to provide for convenient installation, stiff enough to bridge some depressions in the slope and conform gently to the ground contours without disclosing small rocks or the like, strong enough to allow pieces of the material to be held together by industrial staples, and rupture resistant enough to withstand the puncturing forces of ski poles.
  • various vinyl resins such as polyvinylchloride meet these requirements.
  • the character of the pile of the fabric 6 will be affected by a number of factors such as pile density, pile height, and the nature and diameters of the pile fibers 10. Some ranges of suitable values for these variables will contribute to a more thorough understanding of the invention.
  • a convenient measure of pile density is the amount of fiber obtained by shearing the pile fiber off the finished fabric.
  • the pile density may range from about 1.5 to about 3.5 pounds of available face fiber per square yard of fabric.
  • the pile must be dense enough to prevent bottoming out of a ski during use but must not be so dense as to interfere with the setting of the ski edges into the pile for turning control and the like.
  • Suitable pile heights may fall within the range of from about 0.5 to about 2 inches.
  • Pile height like pile density, is important in preventing bottoming of the skis as well as in providing proper edge control. With pile heights substantially less than one-half inch, the probability of hottoming out becomes unacceptably high, and with pile heights substantially greater than 2 inches, there is a risk that the ski edges will catch in the deformed pile surface turning maneuvers or the like to upset the balance of the skier. Finished pile heights of from about 1 to about 1.5 inches ordinarily can be expected to give particularly good service.
  • the pile fibers used in the fabric of the invention should be relatively heavy staple fibers of synthetic materials. Fiber staple lengths in the range of from about 1.5 to about 4 inches are satisfactory.
  • the materials employed should be ones which will not be adversely affected by exposure to ski slope conditions. Some examples are nylon, polyester, polypropylene, and acrylic fibers. Nylon 66 is particularly preferred because of its smoothness, weather resistance, toughness and resilience, and because fibers of this thermoplastic material can easily be polished and given the desired directional orientation by treatments on conventional electrifier machines.
  • Relatively thick fibers having deniers in the range of from about 30 to about 150 are suitable and fibers having deniers at least as great as 60 are especially preferred.
  • These heavy fibers contribute a number of advantages. They retain their shapes and resiliency characteristics well and they are more durable than fine fibers in this environment where aggressive loading is commonplace. Additionally, these large diameter fibers minimize the ski-topile contact areas to hold down friction.
  • a deep pile fabric was knit on a sliver knitting machine supplied with Nylon 66 face or pile fibers and polyester backing yarns.
  • the pile fibers were 60 denier and 2 inch staple length.
  • the backing yarns were spun yarns designated 10/1 to indicate a size of 10 by the cotton count system and a singles construction.
  • the knitted fabric was precoated to stabilize the structure with a filled acrylonitrile coating and was then subjected to the action of an electrifier machine the drum of which was heated to 400 F. The electrifier gave the fibers the distinctive orientation described above.
  • the density of the pile was 2.25 pounds of available face fiber (that which is obtained by shearing the fiber off the finished fabric) per square yard.
  • the backing yarn, buried face fiber and precoat weighed 1.75 pounds per square yard.
  • the finished pile height was between 1 and 1.25 inches.
  • Pieces of this slide surfacing were machine stapled together in place on a slope so as to cover an area to be traversed by skis. This installation gave excellent results. With no snow covering the installation, a skier could reach speeds comparable to those obtainable on snow, and the edge control characteristics of the surfacing were adequate for all the standard maneuvers.
  • the invention can be applied to indoor installations as well as outdoor installations.
  • the new slide surfacing may be movably mounted and driven to pass upwardly beneath a skier in a space saving arrangement designed to provide sport or training in a small area.
  • the back coating 8 may be reduced in size or otherwise altered to provide enhanced flexibility.
  • FIGS. through 7 suggest still other modifications.
  • a fabric having a uniform pile surface as described above may provide the desired skiing qualities in many instances. It may at times be preferable to reduce further the contact area between the skis and the pile. This may be accomplished by eliminating or shortening the pile in selected areas through knitting and/ or shearing techniques generally understood by producers of sliver knit fabrics.
  • the pile 10a is omitted in rows v16 extending both longitudinally and transversely.
  • the pile 10b is omitted according to a checkerboard pattern. Both embodiments yield a bumpy surface for contact with the bottoms of skis, thereby minimizing contact area and frictional drag. These configurations also make more pronounced the bite obtained during cornering and edging of the skis.
  • the sliver knit pile fabric 6c is made up of a blend of long pile fibers 18 and short pile fibers 20.
  • the long fibers 18 might be about 3 inches long and the short fibers 20 might be about 2 inches long, and the blend might contain about percent of the long fibers 18 and percent of the short fibers 20.
  • the long fibers 18 react in substantially the same way as the fibers 10 of FIG. 2. That is, their upper end portions are straightened somewhat, polished and bent over approximately parallel to the backing. However, the shorter fibers 20 escape to a large extent the action of the grooved roller of the electrifier machine and these fibers remain in a generally upright condition throughout their lengths. The end result is that the ski contacting face of the material is constituted predominantly by the long fibers 18 which, in this case, are relatively few in number.
  • An artificial skiing surface for a slope comprising a pile fabric including a base and pile fibers projecting upwardly from said base to form a dense pile of artificial fibers having deniers in the range of from about 30 of a height in the range of from about 0.5 inch to about 2 inches, the upper face of said pile being constituted by the upper end portions of said pile fibers being permanently bent and extending down said slope.
  • pile fibers are staple fibers having lengths in the range of from about 1.5 to about 4 inches, and wherein said bent over upper end portions of said pile fibers are polished and overlie upwardly extending portions of the pile fibers.
  • a resiliently deformable slide surfacing material for ski slopes providing good edge control characteristics for the skier, said material comprising a sliver knit pile fabric and a thick resilient back-coating adhered to said fabric; said fabric including a backing of knitted stiches, and pile fibers of deniers in the range of from about 30 to about 150 interlocked with said stitches and projecting from the side of said backing opposite said back-coating to provide a resilient pile having a density in the range of from about 1.5 to about 3.5 pounds of available pile fiber per square yard of fabric and having a height about the backing in the range of from about 0.5 to about 2 inches; said pile fibers including upper end portions extending generally lengthwise of the fabric at the upper face of said surfacing material whereby said material offers low frictional resistance to movement of skis thereover in the direction of extent of said pile fiber end portions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
US3547749D 1969-01-31 1969-01-31 Slide surfacing for ski slopes Expired - Lifetime US3547749A (en)

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US79566769A 1969-01-31 1969-01-31

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US (1) US3547749A (fi)
AT (1) AT304336B (fi)
BE (1) BE739602A (fi)
CH (1) CH511617A (fi)
DE (1) DE1950009A1 (fi)
FR (1) FR2029736A1 (fi)
GB (1) GB1288226A (fi)
LU (1) LU59564A1 (fi)
NL (1) NL6915065A (fi)

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3731923A (en) * 1971-04-26 1973-05-08 Snow Products Artificial ski slope
US3849236A (en) * 1973-06-11 1974-11-19 Pervel Ind Inc Flock-texturing method and product
US3959542A (en) * 1974-07-12 1976-05-25 Livermore Paul A Artificial ski matting
US4032139A (en) * 1971-05-03 1977-06-28 Rhone-Poulenc-Textile Process for extending the seasonal useful life of ski trails and ski trails produced thereby
US4284507A (en) * 1978-05-10 1981-08-18 Beane Frank Thomas Knit pile filter
US4300766A (en) * 1979-11-28 1981-11-17 Haynes Joseph E Hockey-type table game apparatus
US4339122A (en) * 1980-05-12 1982-07-13 Croul Richard D Surfing slide
US4497854A (en) * 1984-03-16 1985-02-05 Milner Ed M Artificial cross-country ski surface with pair of bent over ski tracks
US4774777A (en) * 1985-09-18 1988-10-04 Adrian Brochu Method of collecting, preserving and repositioning snow on a ski slope
GB2223414A (en) * 1988-09-23 1990-04-11 Bonar Textiles Ltd Synthetic ski slope material
GB2231276A (en) * 1989-05-10 1990-11-14 Kingsford Ross Heylen Synthetic bowling green
AU614483B3 (en) * 1989-05-10 1991-07-09 Kingsford Ross Heylen Synthetic bowling green
US5507695A (en) * 1992-03-17 1996-04-16 Sajakorpi Oy Surface element for formation of a gliding surface
US5540622A (en) * 1994-09-26 1996-07-30 The Walt Disney Company Water slide
US6455113B1 (en) 1999-08-10 2002-09-24 Paul Emile Bilodeau Artificial snow tile system
WO2002083256A3 (en) * 2001-04-17 2003-03-27 Light Wave Ltd Contoured variably tensionable soft membrane ride surface for ride attraction
US20050148398A1 (en) * 2004-01-07 2005-07-07 Lochtefeld Thomas J. Contoured variably tensionable soft membrane ride surface for ride attraction
US20070042828A1 (en) * 2005-06-22 2007-02-22 Krushke Neil E Jr Modular surfacing system
AU2007201135B2 (en) * 2001-04-17 2009-03-05 Light Wave, Ltd. Contoured variably tensionable soft membrane ride surface for ride attraction
US9463390B2 (en) 2013-10-30 2016-10-11 FlowriderSurf, Ltd. Inflatable surfing apparatus and method
US10195535B2 (en) 2015-11-12 2019-02-05 Whitewater West Industries Ltd. Transportable inflatable surfing apparatus and method
CN109865278A (zh) * 2019-01-31 2019-06-11 泰山体育产业集团有限公司 一种防侧滑液体润滑仿真冰板
US10335694B2 (en) 2015-11-12 2019-07-02 Whitewater West Industries Ltd. Method and apparatus for fastening of inflatable ride surfaces
US10376799B2 (en) 2015-11-13 2019-08-13 Whitewater West Industries Ltd. Inflatable surfing apparatus and method of providing reduced fluid turbulence
CN112779658A (zh) * 2020-12-25 2021-05-11 威海市创为针织机械有限公司 一种人造毛皮针织面料及其编织方法
US11040289B2 (en) 2013-03-21 2021-06-22 Whitewater West Industries, Ltd. Padded grate drainage system for water rides
US11090573B2 (en) 2013-10-30 2021-08-17 Whitewater West Industries, Ltd. Inflatable surfing apparatus and method
US11273383B2 (en) 2017-11-10 2022-03-15 Whitewater West Industries Ltd. Water ride attraction incorporating a standing wave

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2368801A (en) * 2000-11-08 2002-05-15 Michael Peter Keating Artificial ski and snowboard practice surface
DE202019105243U1 (de) * 2019-09-20 2019-10-04 Mr. Snow Gmbh Textile Gleitoberfläche für Ski- und Rodelanwendungen

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3034194A (en) * 1957-11-04 1962-05-15 Callaway Mills Co Method for producing a tufted fabric having a deep fleecelike surface and the resulting product
US3155557A (en) * 1960-04-04 1964-11-03 Moscovsky Ex Zd Iskoosstvennoi Method of manufacturing imitation fur from chenille yarns
US3251596A (en) * 1964-01-25 1966-05-17 Niizaki Fukusaburo Brush body forming a gliding surface and a gliding device therewith
US3275487A (en) * 1963-01-07 1966-09-27 Jerome H Lemelson Method and automatic apparatus for producing pile surfaced plastic sheeting
US3314845A (en) * 1964-07-23 1967-04-18 Du Pont Method of flocking and subsequently developing latently crimpable fibers and article produced thereby
US3350092A (en) * 1964-12-14 1967-10-31 Maki Isao Structural elements for an artificial ski slide
US3415172A (en) * 1965-12-03 1968-12-10 Ski Mor Inc Ski mat

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3034194A (en) * 1957-11-04 1962-05-15 Callaway Mills Co Method for producing a tufted fabric having a deep fleecelike surface and the resulting product
US3155557A (en) * 1960-04-04 1964-11-03 Moscovsky Ex Zd Iskoosstvennoi Method of manufacturing imitation fur from chenille yarns
US3275487A (en) * 1963-01-07 1966-09-27 Jerome H Lemelson Method and automatic apparatus for producing pile surfaced plastic sheeting
US3251596A (en) * 1964-01-25 1966-05-17 Niizaki Fukusaburo Brush body forming a gliding surface and a gliding device therewith
US3314845A (en) * 1964-07-23 1967-04-18 Du Pont Method of flocking and subsequently developing latently crimpable fibers and article produced thereby
US3350092A (en) * 1964-12-14 1967-10-31 Maki Isao Structural elements for an artificial ski slide
US3415172A (en) * 1965-12-03 1968-12-10 Ski Mor Inc Ski mat

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3731923A (en) * 1971-04-26 1973-05-08 Snow Products Artificial ski slope
US4032139A (en) * 1971-05-03 1977-06-28 Rhone-Poulenc-Textile Process for extending the seasonal useful life of ski trails and ski trails produced thereby
US3849236A (en) * 1973-06-11 1974-11-19 Pervel Ind Inc Flock-texturing method and product
US3959542A (en) * 1974-07-12 1976-05-25 Livermore Paul A Artificial ski matting
US4284507A (en) * 1978-05-10 1981-08-18 Beane Frank Thomas Knit pile filter
US4300766A (en) * 1979-11-28 1981-11-17 Haynes Joseph E Hockey-type table game apparatus
US4339122A (en) * 1980-05-12 1982-07-13 Croul Richard D Surfing slide
US4497854A (en) * 1984-03-16 1985-02-05 Milner Ed M Artificial cross-country ski surface with pair of bent over ski tracks
US4774777A (en) * 1985-09-18 1988-10-04 Adrian Brochu Method of collecting, preserving and repositioning snow on a ski slope
GB2223414A (en) * 1988-09-23 1990-04-11 Bonar Textiles Ltd Synthetic ski slope material
GB2231276A (en) * 1989-05-10 1990-11-14 Kingsford Ross Heylen Synthetic bowling green
AU614483B3 (en) * 1989-05-10 1991-07-09 Kingsford Ross Heylen Synthetic bowling green
GB2231276B (en) * 1989-05-10 1993-10-06 Kingsford Ross Heylen Synthetic bowling green
US5507695A (en) * 1992-03-17 1996-04-16 Sajakorpi Oy Surface element for formation of a gliding surface
US5540622A (en) * 1994-09-26 1996-07-30 The Walt Disney Company Water slide
US6455113B1 (en) 1999-08-10 2002-09-24 Paul Emile Bilodeau Artificial snow tile system
EP1381435A2 (en) * 2001-04-17 2004-01-21 Light Wave, Ltd. Contoured variably tensionable soft membrane ride surface for ride attraction
WO2002083256A3 (en) * 2001-04-17 2003-03-27 Light Wave Ltd Contoured variably tensionable soft membrane ride surface for ride attraction
AU2002307400B2 (en) * 2001-04-17 2007-03-29 Light Wave, Ltd. Contoured variably tensionable soft membrane ride surface for ride attraction
EP1381435A4 (en) * 2001-04-17 2008-03-12 Light Wave Ltd PROFILEABLE FLEXIBLE MEMBRANE RACE SURFACE VARIABLE FOR RACE ATTRACTION
AU2007201135B2 (en) * 2001-04-17 2009-03-05 Light Wave, Ltd. Contoured variably tensionable soft membrane ride surface for ride attraction
US6676530B2 (en) * 2001-04-17 2004-01-13 Light Wave, Ltd. Contoured variably tensionable soft membrane ride surface for ride attraction
US20050148398A1 (en) * 2004-01-07 2005-07-07 Lochtefeld Thomas J. Contoured variably tensionable soft membrane ride surface for ride attraction
US7547255B2 (en) * 2004-01-07 2009-06-16 Light Wave, Ltd. Contoured variably tensionable soft membrane ride surface for ride attraction
US20070042828A1 (en) * 2005-06-22 2007-02-22 Krushke Neil E Jr Modular surfacing system
US11040289B2 (en) 2013-03-21 2021-06-22 Whitewater West Industries, Ltd. Padded grate drainage system for water rides
US9463390B2 (en) 2013-10-30 2016-10-11 FlowriderSurf, Ltd. Inflatable surfing apparatus and method
US11090573B2 (en) 2013-10-30 2021-08-17 Whitewater West Industries, Ltd. Inflatable surfing apparatus and method
US11400384B2 (en) 2013-10-30 2022-08-02 Whitewater West Industries, Ltd. Inflatable surfing apparatus and method
US10335694B2 (en) 2015-11-12 2019-07-02 Whitewater West Industries Ltd. Method and apparatus for fastening of inflatable ride surfaces
US10918960B2 (en) 2015-11-12 2021-02-16 Whitewater West Industries Ltd. Method and apparatus for fastening of inflatable ride surfaces
US10195535B2 (en) 2015-11-12 2019-02-05 Whitewater West Industries Ltd. Transportable inflatable surfing apparatus and method
US10376799B2 (en) 2015-11-13 2019-08-13 Whitewater West Industries Ltd. Inflatable surfing apparatus and method of providing reduced fluid turbulence
US11273383B2 (en) 2017-11-10 2022-03-15 Whitewater West Industries Ltd. Water ride attraction incorporating a standing wave
CN109865278A (zh) * 2019-01-31 2019-06-11 泰山体育产业集团有限公司 一种防侧滑液体润滑仿真冰板
CN112779658A (zh) * 2020-12-25 2021-05-11 威海市创为针织机械有限公司 一种人造毛皮针织面料及其编织方法

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BE739602A (fi) 1970-03-02
LU59564A1 (fi) 1971-08-10
FR2029736A1 (fi) 1970-10-23
CH511617A (de) 1971-08-31
AT304336B (de) 1972-12-27
DE1950009A1 (de) 1970-08-20
NL6915065A (fi) 1970-08-04
GB1288226A (fi) 1972-09-06

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