US3547533A - Microfilm reproduction machine - Google Patents

Microfilm reproduction machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3547533A
US3547533A US506386A US3547533DA US3547533A US 3547533 A US3547533 A US 3547533A US 506386 A US506386 A US 506386A US 3547533D A US3547533D A US 3547533DA US 3547533 A US3547533 A US 3547533A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
image
microfilm
xerographic
platen
drum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US506386A
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English (en)
Inventor
David R Stokes
Gilbert A Aser
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
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Publication of US3547533A publication Critical patent/US3547533A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/04—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for exposing, i.e. imagewise exposure by optically projecting the original image on a photoconductive recording material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N80/00—Bulk negative-resistance effect devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/04—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for exposing, i.e. imagewise exposure by optically projecting the original image on a photoconductive recording material
    • G03G15/041—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for exposing, i.e. imagewise exposure by optically projecting the original image on a photoconductive recording material with variable magnification

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to electrostatographic copying and in particular to improved apparatus for reproducing electrostatographically from microfilm originals. More specifically, the invention relates to an improved xerographic apparatus for causing microfilm, whether in the form of a single frame mounted in a data processing card or in the form of roll film, to be xerographically reproduced on conventional xerographic machines.
  • Electrostatography encompasses the entire field of forming and utilizing latent electrostatic charge patterns to record and reproduce patterns in viewable form.
  • Xerography employs a photoconductive insulating medium and radiation to form the latent electrostatic images.
  • a xerographic plate comprising a layer of photoconductive insulating material on a conductive backing is given a uniform electric charge over its surface and is then exposed to the subject matter to be reproduced, usually by conventional projection techniques. This exposure discharges the plate areas in accordance with the radiation intensity which reaches them and thereby creates an electrostatic latent image on or in the plate coating.
  • developer material or developers which comprise, in general, a mixture of a suitable pigmented or dyed electroscopic powder, hereinafter referred to as toner, and a granular carrier material, which later functions to carry and to generate triboelectric charges on the toner.
  • toner a suitable pigmented or dyed electroscopic powder
  • granular carrier material which later functions to carry and to generate triboelectric charges on the toner.
  • the toner powder is brought into surface contact with the photoconductive coating of the xerographic plate and is held thereon electrostatically in a pattern corresponding to the electrostatic latent image.
  • the developed xerographic image is usually transferred to a support or transfer material to which it may be fixed by any suitable means.
  • This apparatus is intended to be used as a microfilm attachment for a standard desk-type electrostatic machine copier, thus providing the capability of producing a hard copy from microfilm as well as from the conventional document copy.
  • machines for xerographically reproducing from microfilm originals either in rolls or single frame mounted in data processing cards but these machines were not portable and capable of attachment to other existing xerographic reproducing machines.
  • these machines make excellent copies and have achieved substantial commercial success, they all scanned the microfilm original during the exposure step of the xerographic process. This necessitated complicated equipment, automatic devices; programming means and elaborate timing equipment for synchronizing the relative movement of the microfilm original scanning device and the xerographic drum upon which the electrostatic image was to be formed.
  • Such a device may be seen, for example, in Hunt Pat. No. 3,078,770 issued Feb. 6, 1963, and Rutkus Pat. No. 3,137,202 issued June 16, 1964.
  • Another object of this invention is to make portable apparatus for use in existing xerographic reproducing machines for reproducing microfilm onto single sheet transfer copies.
  • a further object is to xerographically reproduce a full frame of microfilm with no movement of the film relative to a fixed optical axis.
  • Another object of this invention is to employ inexpensive and easily fabricated optical equipment to xeographically reproduce from microfilm originals.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates schematically an embodiment of a microfilm attachment for projecting viewable images on the platen of an electrostatic copying machine in conjunction with a preferred embodiment of the xerographic apparatus adapted for continuous and automatic operation and incorporating an optical scanning mechanism;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the microfilm attachment and xerographic reproducing apparatus showing optical axis and scanning features;
  • FIG. 1 a microfilm electrostatographic copying apparatus in the environment of a xerographic apparatus incorporated into an automatic machine.
  • the xerographic apparatus comprises a xerographic plate including a photoconductive layer on a conductive backing and formed in the shape of a drum, generally designated by the numeral 20.
  • the drum is mounted on a shaft journaled on a frame to rotate in the direction indicated by the arrow to cause the drum surface sequentially to pass a plurality of xerographic processing stations.
  • a charging station preferably located as indicated by reference character A, at which a uniform electrostatic charge is deposited on the photoconductive layer of the xerographic drum.
  • exposure station B Next subsequent thereto in the path of motion of the xerographic drum is exposure station B at which a light or radiation pattern of copy to be reproduced is projected onto the drum surface to dissipate the drum charge in the exposed areas thereof. Thereby, a latent electrostatic image of copy to be produced is formed.
  • Adjacent to the exposure station is a developing station C in which there is positioned a developer apparatus including a container 22 having a lower sump portion for accumulating developer material 24.
  • a toner dispenser is used to replenish toner to the developing material.
  • the image transfer station D Positioned next adjacent to the developing station is the image transfer station D at which the xerographic powder image is electrostatically transferred from the drum surface to a transfer material or support surface. This is accomplished here by the corona transfer device 28.
  • a stripping device for removing the transfer material from the drum surface.
  • the powder image may be fused to the transfer material by the fuser 32 and then transported to copy holder 34.
  • the final station E is a drum cleaning and discharge station at which the drum surface is brushed to remove residual toner particles remaining after image transfer, and at which drum surface is exposed to a relatively bright light source to effect substantially complete discharge of any residual electrostatic charge remaining thereon.
  • the microfilm enlarging and imaging apparatus necessary to form a xerographically reproducible image on drum 20 from platen 2. This is accomplished by means of a projection system adapted to converge the light rays diverging from an enlarging, objective lens to form an enlarged and uniformly lighted image at its focal plane with the rays of light converging therefrom.
  • the light source for this system is a lamp 4 and condenser lens 6 causing light to project through a frame of microfilm held in, for example, microfilm roller 8, and through objective lens 10 to be enlarged thereby.
  • the resulting image light rays project through a light gathering means such as a Fresnel lens 12 to be imaged on a translucent material 14, which can be any of a variety of materials, for example, frosted glass, etc., placed approximately at the focal plane of the objective lens system and directly on the platen 2.
  • The. platen defines the object plane of the xerographic reproducing system.
  • the image thereon is protected from extraneous light by light shield and container 16 adapted to position the microfilm projection system such that the image falls substantially over platen 2.
  • the light source is further directed by reflector 3 and the lamp 4 is cooled by blower 5.
  • the container 16 further serves as the housing for the portable microfilm enlarging and imaging apparatus. It is adapted to fixedly contain the Fresnel lens and the translucent material as well as the entire projection system for enlarging and imaging the microfilm.
  • the entire microfilm projection apparatus is portable and may be easily attached to or detached from an existing xerographic reproducing machine without necessitating any modifications in such machine for accepting this apparatus.
  • the system therefore, directs an enlarged image of micro-data obtained from the microfilm original to a translucent material on the platen of the xerographic machine through a light gathering device, such as a Fresnel lens, to insure the converging of the light rays at the exposure station of the xerographic machine.
  • the xerographic machine may then scan the image on its platen to produce a latent electrostatic image on the xerographic drum 20- Referring now to FIG. 2, the scanning of the data which is imaged in position on a fixed platen is accomplished by means of a movable lens systemwhich is moved relative to the platen in timed relation to the movement of the xerographic plate or drum.
  • a light shield 42 having an aperture therein extending across the entire image on the platen.
  • this shield may eliminate extraneous light from the scanning lens 50, it is not an essential element for obtaining acceptable copies. It is included because many commercially successful existing xerographic machines capable of interaction with this portable microfilm unit contain such a shield in conjunction with their own illuminating systems.
  • a fixed object mirror 48 mounted below the fixed platen reflects the image rays of the data thereon through the lens 50 of the lens system onto an image mirror 52 which in turn reflects the image rays onto the xerographic drum at the slot in a fixed exposure slit plate 46 positioned adjacent to the xerographic drum.
  • This slit 46 prevents extraneous light from reaching the drum and further serves to provide a uniform exposure of the micro-data to be reproduced.
  • the light shield and the laterally movable lens system are connected by a pair of cables 54 and 56 to the pulleys 58 of the scan control mechanism in such timed relation that the micro-data image appearing at the platen is fully exposed during the scan, through the aperture of the light shield, through the lens, and through the exposure slit to the xerographic plate or drum.
  • a xerographic scanning apparatus see Rutkus et al. Pat. No. 3,062,095 issued Nov. 6, 1962.
  • the system, as shown in FIG. 2, for xerographically reproducing the image formed on translucent material 14 approximately at the focal point of platen 2 is shown as folded since that is the most convenient manner of including it in an automatic xerographic machine such as that which was schematically shown in FIG. 1.
  • the image rays leaving the first projection system at objective lens 1 0 diverge, causing an enlargement of the image of the microfilm.
  • the light rays striking the translucent material on which the image is formed are converging rays such that the light rays are substantially directed to the xerographic scanning lens 50 through exposure plate 42. This is caused by the Fresnel lens, or a suitable field lens.
  • Lamp 4 produces light of sufficient intensity to accomplish the production of the latent image.
  • the platen is in the image plane of the projection system projecting the microfilm image and further serves as the object plane for the projection system of the xerographic reproducing apparatus.
  • the Fresnel lens is placed a slight distance above the focal plane of the xerographic reproducing system so that the gratings of the lens are not reproduced as lines on the xerographic copy. This distance, however, is such that there is sufficient-imaging at the xerographic drum so as to permit production of copies having acceptable resolution.
  • a reproducing apparatus for electrostatographically reproducing a microfilm object such apparatus having an electrostatographic surface adapted for receiving image rays of the microfilm object and processing apparatus for reproducing copies therefrom, comprising first projection means for projecting diverging image rays of the microfilm object,
  • an image receiving member partially approximately at the focal plane of said first projection means and arranged to receive enlarged microfilm images from said first projection means, said image receiving member including a Fresnel lens positioned slightly out of the focal plane of said first projection means, and
  • second projection means adapted to direct the enlarged image on said receiving member simultaneously, as the same is produced, to the electrostatographic surface at a large magnification compared to the microfilm object and thereby effect the reproduction of enlarged copies of the microfilm images by the processing system.
  • said image receiving member comprising a Fresnel lens spaced from the focal plane of the first projection means and a translucent material approximately at the focal plane of said second projection means.
  • said second projection system adapted to scan the enlarged micro-data image on said image receiving member and to project the enlarged micro-data image rays thereon to the electrostatographic surface and thereby effect the reproduction of enlarged copies of the micro-data images by the processing system.
  • said first projection means including a lamp means and an enlarging lens system and having means associated therewith for supporting microfilm for projection of images therein, and adapted to present an illuminated, enlarged representation of each microfilm image; said second projection means adapted 6 to scan the image on said image receiving member and to project said image rays thereon to the electrostatographic surface and thereby effect the reproduction of enlarged copies of the images by the processing apparatus.
  • a reproducing apparatus including a platen to which an object is applied during copying thereof,
  • first projection means adapted to project the light rays from an object positionable at said platen to the photosensitive surface
  • processing means adapted to be active upon the exposed photosensitive surface to form copies thereon of the object at the platen
  • second projection means adapted to present image light rays at the removable image receiving member
  • a light shielding housing removably positionable on the platen and enclosing and securing said image receiving means and said second projection means in a spaced apart relation to each other with at least a portion of the former approximately in the image plane of the latter.
  • said light shielding housing is adapted to maintain said second projection means and said receiving member in a spaced apart relationship, said housing including spacer means attached thereto near said receiving member to maintain said Fresnel lens positioned slightly spaced from the focal plane of said second projection means.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combination Of More Than One Step In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Projection-Type Copiers In General (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Exposure Or Original Feeding In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Overhead Projectors And Projection Screens (AREA)
US506386A 1965-11-04 1965-11-04 Microfilm reproduction machine Expired - Lifetime US3547533A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US50638665A 1965-11-04 1965-11-04
US53942866A 1966-04-01 1966-04-01
US53940066A 1966-04-01 1966-04-01
US55158466A 1966-05-20 1966-05-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3547533A true US3547533A (en) 1970-12-15

Family

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Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US506386A Expired - Lifetime US3547533A (en) 1965-11-04 1965-11-04 Microfilm reproduction machine
US539428A Expired - Lifetime US3439983A (en) 1965-11-04 1966-04-01 Microfilm copier double input
US539400A Expired - Lifetime US3542468A (en) 1965-11-04 1966-04-01 Microfilm enlarger-copier
US551584A Expired - Lifetime US3424525A (en) 1965-11-04 1966-05-20 Microfilm copier attachment

Family Applications After (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US539428A Expired - Lifetime US3439983A (en) 1965-11-04 1966-04-01 Microfilm copier double input
US539400A Expired - Lifetime US3542468A (en) 1965-11-04 1966-04-01 Microfilm enlarger-copier
US551584A Expired - Lifetime US3424525A (en) 1965-11-04 1966-05-20 Microfilm copier attachment

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (4) US3547533A (de)
BE (1) BE689227A (de)
DE (1) DE1522705C3 (de)
FR (1) FR1498788A (de)
GB (1) GB1160904A (de)
NL (1) NL6615506A (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3679302A (en) * 1970-02-26 1972-07-25 Frederic G Ludwig Method and means for reproducing printed material
US3985438A (en) * 1974-02-19 1976-10-12 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Exposure control device
US4013355A (en) * 1975-07-30 1977-03-22 Xerox Corporation Notch filter for color transparency copying machines
US4027962A (en) * 1975-01-13 1977-06-07 Xerox Corporation Color transparency reproducing machine
US4053217A (en) * 1975-01-13 1977-10-11 Xerox Corporation Color transparency reproducing machine
US4100591A (en) * 1975-01-28 1978-07-11 Rudi Schael Illumination unit for microfilm readers
US4170412A (en) * 1977-04-20 1979-10-09 Grace Archie R Microfilm adaption unit for photocopier machines

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1267734A (en) * 1968-04-30 1972-03-22 Ricoh Kk Improvements in and relating to optical projection systems
US3700325A (en) * 1970-03-26 1972-10-24 David C Harper Scanning optical system for photocopying apparatus
US3677637A (en) * 1970-04-22 1972-07-18 Saxon Ind Inc Microfilm attachment for copying machine
US3677635A (en) * 1970-04-22 1972-07-18 Saxon Ind Inc Copying machine system
CH528105A (de) * 1970-09-22 1972-09-15 Agfa Gevaert Ag Elektrostatisches Kopiergerät
US3834803A (en) * 1972-04-05 1974-09-10 Canon Kk Photo-information transmission and exposure device
US3992108A (en) * 1974-02-04 1976-11-16 Xerox Corporation Optical system alignment apparatus
US3904290A (en) * 1974-02-04 1975-09-09 Xerox Corp Optical system alignment apparatus
US4023904A (en) * 1974-07-01 1977-05-17 Tamarack Scientific Co. Inc. Optical microcircuit printing process
US4053216A (en) * 1975-01-13 1977-10-11 Xerox Corporation Color transparency reproducing machine
US3995326A (en) * 1975-08-01 1976-12-07 Umann Harry M Bidet toilet seat
US4043656A (en) * 1976-03-03 1977-08-23 Xerox Corporation Transparency copying machine
US4083632A (en) * 1976-04-05 1978-04-11 Xerox Corporation Multi-frequency screen
US4111540A (en) * 1976-05-17 1978-09-05 Xerox Corporation Field lens for an electrophotographic printing machine
US4329027A (en) * 1980-10-17 1982-05-11 Autologic, S.A. Photocomposing machine and method
US4537490A (en) * 1983-05-12 1985-08-27 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus and method for electrophotographically producing copy having continuous-tone and other content
US4472047A (en) * 1983-05-12 1984-09-18 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus and method for electrophotographically producing copy having continuous-tone and other content
US4794421A (en) * 1983-05-12 1988-12-27 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus and method for electrophotographically producing copies from originals having continuous-tone and other content
US4763173A (en) * 1987-09-18 1988-08-09 Xerox Corporation Imaging system for compensating for image distortion due to wrinkled or curled documents
US5113268A (en) * 1988-06-10 1992-05-12 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Dual operational image reading apparatus
DE9014406U1 (de) * 1990-10-17 1990-12-20 Kempf, Georg-Ulrich, 2057 Wentorf Vorrichtung zum Vergrößern von transparenten Vorlagen im Durchlichtverfahren

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2174931A (en) * 1936-06-18 1939-10-03 Terry Method and apparatus for the production of motion picture films of the animated cartoon type
US2959095A (en) * 1957-06-03 1960-11-08 Rca Corp Office copying machine
US3062110A (en) * 1959-07-02 1962-11-06 Xerox Corp Exposure station apparatus
US3174417A (en) * 1960-10-19 1965-03-23 Zeiss Ikon Ag Mirror reflex camera with built-in device for viewing the image

Family Cites Families (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1960011A (en) * 1931-02-26 1934-05-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Apparatus for making stereoscopic parallax panoramagrams
US2515862A (en) * 1947-10-25 1950-07-18 Saul Jeffee Optical device
US2931027A (en) * 1956-10-19 1960-03-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Visual display apparatus
US3176578A (en) * 1959-11-20 1965-04-06 Bolsey Emil Optical projection device
FR1364341A (fr) * 1963-07-19 1964-06-19 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Dispositif projecteur optique

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2174931A (en) * 1936-06-18 1939-10-03 Terry Method and apparatus for the production of motion picture films of the animated cartoon type
US2959095A (en) * 1957-06-03 1960-11-08 Rca Corp Office copying machine
US3062110A (en) * 1959-07-02 1962-11-06 Xerox Corp Exposure station apparatus
US3174417A (en) * 1960-10-19 1965-03-23 Zeiss Ikon Ag Mirror reflex camera with built-in device for viewing the image

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3679302A (en) * 1970-02-26 1972-07-25 Frederic G Ludwig Method and means for reproducing printed material
US3985438A (en) * 1974-02-19 1976-10-12 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Exposure control device
US4027962A (en) * 1975-01-13 1977-06-07 Xerox Corporation Color transparency reproducing machine
US4053217A (en) * 1975-01-13 1977-10-11 Xerox Corporation Color transparency reproducing machine
US4068939A (en) * 1975-01-13 1978-01-17 Xerox Corporation Color transparency reproducing machine
US4100591A (en) * 1975-01-28 1978-07-11 Rudi Schael Illumination unit for microfilm readers
US4013355A (en) * 1975-07-30 1977-03-22 Xerox Corporation Notch filter for color transparency copying machines
US4170412A (en) * 1977-04-20 1979-10-09 Grace Archie R Microfilm adaption unit for photocopier machines

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1498788A (fr) 1967-10-20
DE1522705A1 (de) 1969-10-16
DE1522705C3 (de) 1980-12-11
NL6615506A (de) 1967-05-05
BE689227A (de) 1967-04-14
US3424525A (en) 1969-01-28
US3439983A (en) 1969-04-22
US3542468A (en) 1970-11-24
GB1160904A (en) 1969-08-06
DE1522705B2 (de) 1980-04-10

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