US3546098A - Making a lube oil by hydrocracking and solvent extraction - Google Patents
Making a lube oil by hydrocracking and solvent extraction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3546098A US3546098A US747101A US3546098DA US3546098A US 3546098 A US3546098 A US 3546098A US 747101 A US747101 A US 747101A US 3546098D A US3546098D A US 3546098DA US 3546098 A US3546098 A US 3546098A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- hydrocracking
- contacting
- lubricating oil
- oils
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title description 45
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 title description 35
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 title description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 82
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 80
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 39
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 101100328895 Caenorhabditis elegans rol-8 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- AMLJWLYRONUCKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(6-amino-5-iodopyridin-2-yl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(I)C(N)=N1 AMLJWLYRONUCKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010723 turbine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G67/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only
- C10G67/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only
- C10G67/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including solvent extraction as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
- C10G67/0409—Extraction of unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C10G67/0445—The hydrotreatment being a hydrocracking
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/10—Lubricating oil
Definitions
- Lubricating oils which can be defined in general as those hydrocarbon materials which boil above 600 F., are presently produced by two principal methods.
- the first, which produces straight-run lubricating oils, may include steps of distillation of a crude oil, solvent refining, solvent dewaxing, acid treating and clay contacting. Solvent refining is generally employed to separate the lubricating oil components from the other components of the distilled oil.
- the second method is somewhat similar to the first but substitutes mild hydrofining or hydrofinishing for one or more of the steps of solvent refining, acid treating or clay contacting.
- Hydrofining or hydrofinishing is a process wherein the contaminants in the crude distillate are converted, by contacting with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenating catalyst, to easily removable or harmless species. Only minimal cracking occurs during hydrofining.
- lubricating oils may also be produced by hydrocracking.
- a heavy petroleum oil is contacted with hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a hydrocracking catalyst; and the hydrocracked product (which is often termed the hydrocrackate) is separated, usually by distillation, into materials boiling in different temperature ranges. One or more of these materials will boil within the lubricating oil boiling range.
- DMF N,N-dimethy1- formamide
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- Treating is conducted at temperatures of 0250 F, and pressures of about atmospheric up to about 10 atmospheres. Room temperature and pressure of about 0-100 p.s.i.g. are preferred. Treating may be single stage or multistage. Solvent-to-oil ratios are 0.255.0 volumes of solvent per volume of feed. Use of this treating step allows production of highly stable oil in yields of or greater.
- the process of this invention is a process for producing hydrocracked lube oils which are stable in the presence of ultraviolet light. Any hydrocarbon oil having a substantial portion boiling above 750 F. may be hydrocracked in this process and converted to lubricating oil. Preferred feeds are lubricating oil stocks boiling above 900 F., although crude oils, reduced crudes, residual oils, deasphalted oils, and the like, may also be used.
- the temperature of conversion is above 850 F., catalytic hydrocracking is minimized and the predominant reaction is thermal cracking.
- the actual operating temperature will depend on the type of feed processed and its viscosity index, the viscosity index of the lubricating oil product desired, and the degree of conversion required to produce the desired viscosity index increase. It is usually found that feedstocks which contain higher proportions of aromatics require higher degrees of conversion which may be accomplished by hydrocracking at a high temperature, low space velocity, or any combination of relatively more severe conditions within the acceptable ranges described above.
- Such catalysts can be prepared in a number of ways, including preparing the porous carrier first and then impregnating it with solutions of the metal compounds which are later converted to metal oxides by calcining.
- Particularly good catalysts for use in the hydrocracking step can be prepared by coprecipitation or cogelation techniques wherein all of the components are initially supplied as dissolved compounds in aqueous solutions and coprecipitated together.
- Zeolitic-supported hydrocracking catalysts may also be used.
- the contacting of the oil and treating agent occurs in what, for convenience, will herein be termed the stabilization step.
- the stabilization step as defined in this process, may be a single contacting step or a plurality of contacting steps in series. In general, the single step procedure is preferred.
- the treating agent as defined in the claims, comprises an extractive selected from the group consisting of N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, aqueous solutions of N,N-dimethylformamide, and aqueous solutions of dimethylsulfoxide. It is preferred that if aqueous solutions are used the concentration of the DMF or DMSO in the solution not be less than 70 volume percent, and a volume percent minimum is more preferred.
- Suitable diluents are the C -C paraflins, particularly butane or pentane. Of these two, butane is preferred, because it is more easily separated from the treated oil and recovered. Further, excess butane is more often available in oil refineries than is excess pentane. Use of this diluent should not be confused with the provision stated above that minor portions of other materials may be present in the treating agent.
- the diluent is an essentially inert material used only to reduce the viscosity of the oil to be stabilized and it may be present in any amount required to provide adequate viscosity reduction.
- a small amount of DMF or DMSO may remain in the treated oil following the contacting and subsequent separation of the oil and treating agent. This is not harmful to the oil as long as the residue of DMF or DMSO is not too high. For instance, an oil with 100 p.p.m. residual DMF had 10 hours of ultraviolet light stability prior to precipitation, while one with 500 p.p.m. had 12 hours stability.
- hydrocracked oil contains waxy components
- these may be removed by conventional dewaxing procedures, such as solvent dewaxing.
- Dewaxing may occur before or after the stabilization step described in this specification.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US74710168A | 1968-07-24 | 1968-07-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3546098A true US3546098A (en) | 1970-12-08 |
Family
ID=25003661
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US747101A Expired - Lifetime US3546098A (en) | 1968-07-24 | 1968-07-24 | Making a lube oil by hydrocracking and solvent extraction |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3546098A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CA (1) | CA923060A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE1937337A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2013585B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1231329A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NL (1) | NL6911407A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| SE (1) | SE363842B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5232577A (en) * | 1990-08-14 | 1993-08-03 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Hydrocracking process with polycyclic aromatic dimer removal |
| FR2857370A1 (fr) * | 2003-07-07 | 2005-01-14 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de production de distillats et d'huiles lubrifiantes |
| US20150353847A1 (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2015-12-10 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Integrated Systems And Methods For Separation And Extraction Of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Heterocyclic Compounds, And Organometallic Compounds From Hydrocarbon Feedstocks |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3660273A (en) * | 1969-11-12 | 1972-05-02 | Texaco Inc | Production of improved lubricating oils by hydrocracking and solvent extraction |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2615057A (en) * | 1951-08-30 | 1952-10-21 | Standard Oil Co | Extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons with esters of thiolsulfonic acid |
| US3005032A (en) * | 1957-08-19 | 1961-10-17 | Monsanto Chemicals | Solvent extraction of naphthalenic from non-naphthalenic aromatic hydrocarbons using dimethyl sulfoxide |
| US3077733A (en) * | 1959-08-17 | 1963-02-19 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Method of making jet fuel and use thereof |
| US3308055A (en) * | 1964-04-13 | 1967-03-07 | Chevron Res | Hydrocracking process producing lubricating oil |
| US3414506A (en) * | 1963-08-12 | 1968-12-03 | Shell Oil Co | Lubricating oil by hydrotreating pentane-alcohol-deasphalted short residue |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1421273A (fr) * | 1964-01-21 | 1965-12-17 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Nouveau procédé d'extraction d'hydrocarbures aromatiques |
| US3249532A (en) * | 1964-06-04 | 1966-05-03 | Shiah Chyn Doug | Solvent extraction of aromatics |
| US3365390A (en) * | 1966-08-23 | 1968-01-23 | Chevron Res | Lubricating oil production |
| NL6801985A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1967-02-15 | 1968-08-16 |
-
1968
- 1968-07-24 US US747101A patent/US3546098A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1969
- 1969-07-15 CA CA057092A patent/CA923060A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-07-17 FR FR696924402A patent/FR2013585B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1969-07-23 DE DE19691937337 patent/DE1937337A1/de active Pending
- 1969-07-23 SE SE10377/69A patent/SE363842B/xx unknown
- 1969-07-23 GB GB1231329D patent/GB1231329A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-07-24 NL NL6911407A patent/NL6911407A/xx unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2615057A (en) * | 1951-08-30 | 1952-10-21 | Standard Oil Co | Extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons with esters of thiolsulfonic acid |
| US3005032A (en) * | 1957-08-19 | 1961-10-17 | Monsanto Chemicals | Solvent extraction of naphthalenic from non-naphthalenic aromatic hydrocarbons using dimethyl sulfoxide |
| US3077733A (en) * | 1959-08-17 | 1963-02-19 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Method of making jet fuel and use thereof |
| US3414506A (en) * | 1963-08-12 | 1968-12-03 | Shell Oil Co | Lubricating oil by hydrotreating pentane-alcohol-deasphalted short residue |
| US3308055A (en) * | 1964-04-13 | 1967-03-07 | Chevron Res | Hydrocracking process producing lubricating oil |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5232577A (en) * | 1990-08-14 | 1993-08-03 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Hydrocracking process with polycyclic aromatic dimer removal |
| FR2857370A1 (fr) * | 2003-07-07 | 2005-01-14 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de production de distillats et d'huiles lubrifiantes |
| RU2341550C2 (ru) * | 2003-07-07 | 2008-12-20 | Энститю Франсэ Дю Петроль | Способ получения дистиллятов и смазочных масел |
| US20150353847A1 (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2015-12-10 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Integrated Systems And Methods For Separation And Extraction Of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Heterocyclic Compounds, And Organometallic Compounds From Hydrocarbon Feedstocks |
| US9688923B2 (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2017-06-27 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Integrated methods for separation and extraction of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic compounds, and organometallic compounds from hydrocarbon feedstocks |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1231329A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1971-05-12 |
| DE1937337A1 (de) | 1970-01-29 |
| CA923060A (en) | 1973-03-20 |
| FR2013585B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1974-07-12 |
| SE363842B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1974-02-04 |
| NL6911407A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1970-01-27 |
| FR2013585A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1970-04-03 |
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