US3543183A - Apparatus for the development of a coherent monochromatic light beam - Google Patents

Apparatus for the development of a coherent monochromatic light beam Download PDF

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US3543183A
US3543183A US525657A US3543183DA US3543183A US 3543183 A US3543183 A US 3543183A US 525657 A US525657 A US 525657A US 3543183D A US3543183D A US 3543183DA US 3543183 A US3543183 A US 3543183A
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light
pulses
output beam
pulse
beams
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Conrad Heimann
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SGL Group GmbH Werk Ringsdorf
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Ringsdorff Werke GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
    • H01S3/0057—Temporal shaping, e.g. pulse compression, frequency chirping

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  • the invention relates to an apparatus for producing a coherent, monochromatic radiation of light in the form of at least one strongly focused output beam in which the light beam is produced in a light amplifying unit in which a selective fluorescent medium, with which an optional arrangement of pulsing devices is associated, can be excited by means of an excitation light source for pulsed .beam consists of coherent, monochromatic, strongly focused light.
  • monochromatic radiation of light involve the use of only one light amplifying unit.
  • the single beam of light, being sent by said light amplifying unit is identical with the output beam of the apparatus.
  • the energy received by the selectively fluorescent medium is muchhigher than the energy which is discharged into the beam of light.
  • the diflerence is converted into heat, which warms the selectively fluorescent medium.
  • the apparatus requirement for this is very large. Nevertheless, the pulse frequency of the known apparatus must be appreciably lower as the power becomes higher in the output beam.
  • the selectively fluorescent medium must have sufiicient time for cooling off between the single pulses. Said low pulse frequency restricts the possibilities of use of the known apparatus considerably or excludes same in some cases completely.
  • the basic purpose of the invention is to provide an instrument of the type described foregoing, which pro vides a high power valve in the output beam at any desired high frequency even including a pulse frequency approaching continuity.
  • This is accomplished by providing 3,543,113 Patente Nov. 24, 193W ice two or more light amplifying units which are combined into oneinstrument and are controlled in a way that the pulses of the single beams of light are in an alternating pulse relationship to each other so that a beani control device is required which is synchronous with the pulse frequency of the' single beam of light and whichis movable with at least one component of movement trans ⁇ versely to the outputbeam and which is associated with the singleibeams in a way that all single beam pulses leave the apparatus in the direction of the output beam.
  • the basic thought of the invention is to combine "a number of. light amplifying units into one instrument and to project out of the instrument in a common path its alternating single beams of light so that in spite of a high' pulse frequency in the output beam, the selectively flu, orescent'media of the' signal light amplifying units are energized only very slowly for sending of pulses so that; they heat up only temporarily.
  • it is pos sible to essentially inciease the pulse frequency in cornparison to the pulse frequency in known apparatus, up tol a continuous sendingof'power in the output beam. Consequently, new scopes of use are accessible to instruments" other in the output beam in time-measured intervals.
  • the output beam will then have a pulse characteristic, the frequency of which can be determined as desired by selecting appropriately the number of light amplifying units utilized in a given apparatus.
  • the light amplifying units can also be controlled so that the pulses of the single beams of light follow each other directly in the output beam.
  • a quasi-continuous radiation results of this'and shows variations in intensity.
  • an optical reflection device which is movable synchronously with the frequency of the pulses of the light segments by means of which the overlapping parts of the pulses of'single beams of light are reflectable to a light amplifying unit that emits its light pulse at a later time for use as an additional excitation light for the respective light amplifying units.
  • the chopped off portions of the pulses of the single beams of light are used in this case as the source for the additional excitation radiation for a light amplifying unit.
  • control device of the beam be provided with at least one surface of reflection which is inclined towards the output beam and to the source'of the single beam of light and which is arranged to a transversely driving support for rotation extending across a limited part of said periphery in a way that said surface of reflection moves through the outputbeam device during rotation.
  • control device for the beams consists of rotatable parts only and, therefore,- same is especially easy to control.
  • Each surface of reflection can be fiat. This makes its production easy but permits only pulses in the output beam having chronical intervals in between the pulses,
  • the flat surface of reflection cannot move while it reflects the pulse of the single beam of light in direction to the output beam and a certain amount of time is required to move the surface of reflection to the path of the 'single beam of light and the output beam and to move same out of the Way again.
  • each reflective surface is preferably built as a partial surface of a body of rotation, such as a cone. Reflective surfaces of this kind can be moved during reflect ion without the beam moving from the desired direction. Therefore, if an output beam comprising a sequen ce of pulses without intervals therebetween is desired, or an overlapping of pulses in the output beam is desired, the reflective surfaces must conform to the surface of a body of rotation. Successive reflective surfaces in the form of surfaces of rotation can be easily introduced at the point of intersection of two single beams, the pulses in the one beam overlapping those in the other.
  • the trailing reflective surface in such case interrupts the first single beam 'clipping the trailing portion of its pulses, while reflecting the second single beam into the path of the output beam. The leading portion of the pulses in the second single beam are thus also clipped ,and the output beam is being constituted by a continuous succession of nonoverla'pping pulses.
  • the light amplifying units are arranged in a step-like fashion in planes which are transverse of the direction of the output beam.
  • the control apparatus for the light beams consists of a plurality of rotatably driveable devices, each positioned respectively in said planes, and each respectively' carrying a reflective surface and moving same through the output beam upon the rotation of said devices.
  • the light amplifying units are arranged in a way that the single beams of light merge together at one focal point and that the control apparatus comprises a disk for rotation which is provided at its periphery with reflective surfaces which are differentially inclined to the axis of rotation and which pass through the focal point during rotation of ⁇ the disk.
  • the inclinations of the reflective surfaces are arranged with the differential directions of incidence of the single beam of light to the focal point in such a way that allisingle beams of light leave the apparatus using one path.
  • the control apparatus is one single rotatable disk and therefore, a small and easy construction is achieved.
  • two light amplifying units in a way that they send out single beams of lightjtraveling oppositely to each other and that the control apparatus is a round disk having reflective surfaces arranged tooth-like around its periphery and being alternately inclined, which surfaces pass through the light beams during rotation of the disk.
  • the control apparatus is a round disk having reflective surfaces arranged tooth-like around its periphery and being alternately inclined, which surfaces pass through the light beams during rotation of the disk.
  • many reflective surfaces can be arranged around the periphery of the disk-for each one of the two single beams of light and thereby permit the frequency of rotations of the disk tojbe reduced.
  • two or more output beams can be produced in the same fashion. At least two light amplifying units are required for each output beam and the control apparatus belongs commonly to all groups of light amplifying units and the outp t be m
  • the above-described control apparatus can be used in this case very well, said device being provided with pairs of light amplifying units being vertically opposite each other on the periphery of the toothed disk. This causes the output beams to travel out of the apparatus into all (itrec' tions radially to the disk.
  • FIG.'1 is a top view of a light amplifying unit and control apparatus.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view along line IIIl' of an apparatus of the invention with two lasers.
  • FIGIZA is a view of an apparatus similar to FIGS 1 and 2 only showing a reciprocatory reflective surface.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view on an apparatus similar to FIGS. 1 and 2 only showing a different control apparatus.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of an embodiment comprising two lasers.
  • FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a top view of a further embodiment comprising 10 lasers.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line VIIVII in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 is a partial view of a modified structure.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a second embodiment comprising two output beams.
  • FIGS. 10-12 are representing curves showing the different possible forms of the output beam. I
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 provide two light amplifying units and are shown schematically by the references L and L
  • Each of said light amplifying units includes a selectively fluorescent medium which can be energized for the intermittent sending of single segments of light by means of an excitation light source and of an optical arrangement of resonators.
  • the details of such a light amplifying unit do not have to be discussed because they are known laser techniques.
  • Each light amplifying unit sends out a single beam of light I, or l
  • Both light amplifying units L and L are controlled by suitable movement of their excitation light sources: in such a way that the pulses of the single'beams of light 1 and 1 are in alternating pulsed relationship to each other.
  • SL generally represents a control apparatus and is provided with a support rotatably mounted and with a drive'wheel 2 for driving same for rotation.
  • Support 1 is provided with an optical reflection device 3 which consists, according to the example in FIGS. 1 and 2, of a reflective surface 4 which is planar or arcuate, a partial surface of a body of rotation preferably of a cone, and extends along a part of the periphery of the support 1.
  • the light amplifying units L and L and the inclination of the reflective surface 4 and also its path of movement during the rotation of the support 1 are related to each other so that the reflective surface 4 alternates back and forth to alternately block the single beam 1 and reflect the single beam
  • Such motion is shown in FIG. 1 by the double arrow P and such movement is in accordance with the frequency of the pulses of the light beams l and 1
  • the surface of reflection is always moving but is intermittently stopped in the cast of a flat surface of reflection.
  • the construction shown in FIG. 3 differs from the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in that it comprises a different control device for the beams marked as SL'.
  • the same parts have the same marks of reference.
  • several surfaces of reflection 4 are arranged on the support I and extend with intervals across a part of the periphery of the support 1.
  • the support 1 is turned, as shown by the arrow'fP', in one direction of rotation so that the surfaces of reflection 4 alternately block the path of the single beam' of light 1 and reflect the pulses of the single beam of light 1 Consequently the pulse frequency of the output beam A 12 can be increased so that a series of pulses, as shown in FIG. 11, is reached in whichthe single pulses i and i follow each other without appreciable intervals.
  • the speed of operation of the support 1 can be reduced in comparison to the construction of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • two light amplifying units L and L are arranged in parallel spaced planes facing towards each other and send pulses of single beams of light l and I
  • the control device for the beams consists of two components SL and SL which are identical with respect to each other.
  • Each component is composed of a rotatable support 5 and of a driving gear 6.
  • Each support 5 is provided with a surface of reflection 8 upon a part of its periphery, said surface of reflection forming the surface of a conical shell.
  • Rotation of support 5 follows the direction of arrow Q and is synchronized with the frequency of the pulses of the single beams of lighti lg and 1
  • the surfaces of reflection 8 are inclined suchthat they direct the single beams of light 1 and 1 into a common output beam A Since the surfaces of reflection, according to the construction in FIGS. 4 and 5, are parts of a surface of a body of rotation, they can be moved during reflection. It is therefore possible to overlap the-"alternating pulses of the single beams of light l l A'pulse of light has the wave form as indicated in FIG. 12, the single pulses being indicated by i and i
  • the overlapped sections can be reflected by an extra (not shown) device and can be used as an excitation light for the light amplifying units.
  • the number of light amplifying units can be increased selectively as desired.
  • the construction of FIGS. 6 and 7 is developed out of the construction of FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • Ten light amplifying units are provided in this embodiment, however, only two of said light amplifying units are shown and they are L and L All light amplifying units send alternately pulsed single beams of light toward one another.
  • the light amplifying unit L sends its single beam of light in the direction of beam A
  • the remaining light amplifying units are arranged in parallel planes around the path of the output beam.
  • Each of the ast-mentioned light amplifying units is provided with a partial unit for the deflection of a beam whereby said partial units together form the control device of the beam.
  • the partial units are constructed identically so that it is sufficient to described only one partial unit SL SL is provided with a support 9 rotatably positioned and which is provided with a cone-like surface of reflection 10 across a part of its periphery.
  • the cone-shaped support 9 is rotatably driven by a coneshaped driving wheel Jill whereby said rotation is synchronized to the frequency of the pulses of the light beam 1
  • the partial 6 units assigned to the light amplifying units are again an ranged spiral-like around the path of the output beam l-10'
  • the following numerical example explains, according to FIGS. 6 and 7, how the apparatus can be used.
  • the discharge time is assumed, for instance, as being 500 s.
  • the light amplifying units are out of phase by 36 toward each other. Their output beams are directed concentrically towards the axis of the spiral.
  • the first light amplifying unit sends out a pulse in the single beam of light belonging thereto in a time period of 500 ;/.S.
  • the second unit receives its stimulation pulse ,uS. after the start of the pulse of the first light amplifying unit so that same starts sending off a pulse at the same moment when the pulse of the first light amplifying unit ends.
  • a quasi-continuous radiation is accomplished in the output beam where one pulse is followed by the next pulse without any time intervals therebetween.
  • each amplifying unit has a stimulation and radiation time of 900 ,u.s. and a cooling time of 4100 as. Consequently, between the start of the discharge of an optical light amplifier, used commonly in the apparat-us, and the next following discharge of the same light amplifier is a time of 5 ms.
  • the pulse being produced by the light amplifying unit starts the moment when the leading edge of the reflective surface reaches the axis of the spiral.
  • An overlapping of 100 as. for each one of the pulses in the output beam can be accomplished within the scope of this example if the apparatus is arranged so that at the be-gining of the pulse of one optical light amplifying unit, such as one lasting for 500 ,us., the stimulation source for a second optical light amplifying unit starts to send out a stimulation pulse.
  • the second unit starts to send out a stimulation pulse.
  • the second unit starts to emit its generated light 100 s. before the end of the generated pulse of the first unit.
  • the rotating reflective surface should be so adjusted that it starts to reflect the generated light of the second unit 50 as. after the beginning of the pulse.
  • the example of construction according to FIG. 8 is provided with three light amplifying units L L and L, which direct their single beams l l and 1 through a common point S.
  • the control device of beams SL" consists of a disk 12. which can be moved by driving means in the direction of the arrow R around an axis 13.
  • Surfaces of reflection M are arranged at intervals along the periphery of the disk, said surfaces being in clined variably with respect to the main surface of the disk 12.
  • the variable inclination angles are shown to be a, ,3 and 'y.
  • the surfaces of reflection pass through the center point S during rotation of the disk 12.
  • the sequence of surfaces of refiection Id and the rotation member of the disk 12 are synchronized with the pulse frequency of the single beams of light so that a pulse sequence of the alternately pulsed single pulses occurs in the output beam.
  • FIG. 9 the construction of FIG. 9 is provided with two light amplifying units L' L" together with L L each pair being coaxial and arranged to each other so that their single beams of light 1 and I and I and 1 are traveling in the same path opposed to each other.-
  • the control device of beam SL' consists of a disk 15 which is rotatable around an axis 16 in the direction of the arrow T.
  • the surfaces of reflection 17 and 18 are arranged in a tooth-like fashion oflset and with opposed inclinations to each other.
  • the number of rotations of the disk 15 is synchronized with the pulse frequency of the single beams of light so that the said single beams of light of correlating light amplifying units leave the apparatus radially to the disk in one common output beam A or A
  • This invention is not restricted to said shown examples of construction. For simplifying purposes it would be possible to provide the beam controlling device with only one reflective surface which rotates around an axis.
  • This reflective surface is inclined at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the plane in which the light amplifying units are so arranged that they direct their pulses toward the point of intersection between the reflective surface and its axis of rotation so that these pulses are all reflected in one direction.
  • a reflective surface which oscillates to and fro can be used instead of using rotatable reflective surfaces for the single light beams.
  • the reflective surfaces can be replaced as desired by other optical reflection elements namely prisms and wedges.
  • the light amplifying units used can be of such number as the number of output beams being produced by a group of light amplifying units. a All characteristics shown by the drawings and described 111 the description including the constructive details can be of importance for the invention in any desired combination.
  • Apparatus for producing a coherent monochromatic light in one common output beam comprising:
  • each of said lasers generating a pulsed output light in a sequential pattern, the light path of one of said lasers transversely intersecting said common output beam;
  • a control device having a light deflector and moving means for continuously moving said light deflector within a first zone and into a second zone, said deflector including a light reflecting face, said light reflecting face during said movement describing a single surface, said light reflecting face lying wholly in said surface during movement of said deflector within said first zone, the axes of said output beam and of the light paths of said two lasers defining and lying in a common plane, said plane being perpendicular to a line tangent to said surface, said axes of said common beam and of the light path of one of said lasers intersecting at a point located in said surface, on said line, and in said first zone, the axes of said common beam and said one laser defining equal angles in said plane with said surface, said reflective face lying in said light path of said one laser while said light deflector is in said first zone so that said output light of said one laser is deflected by said reflecting face along said axis of said common beam despite said movement of said light deflector within said first zone
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the reflecting face is a portion of a body of revolution and is supported for rotation around the axis of the body of revolution.
  • Apparatus according to claim 3 including, in addi tion to said pair of lasers, a plurality of lasers;
  • the control device consists of a number of deflectors each having a reflecting face
  • said means for moving moves said deflectors for rotation with said reflective faces passing through the axis of the common output beam and the respective light paths of all but one of said lasers during such rotation.
  • Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein the lasers and the axes of rotation of the deflectors are arranged in a helix around the axis of the common output beam.
  • Apparatus for producing a coherent monochromatic light in one common output beam comprising:
  • each of said lasers generating a pulsed output light in a sequential pattern, the light paths of said lasers transversely intersecting the axis of said common output beam at points spaced along said axis;

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
US525657A 1965-06-23 1966-02-07 Apparatus for the development of a coherent monochromatic light beam Expired - Lifetime US3543183A (en)

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DER40930A DE1298210B (de) 1965-06-23 1965-06-23 Optische Spiegelanordnung zum Zusammenfassen der kohaerenten monochromatischen Strahlung zweier oder mehrerer optischer Sender

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4217558A (en) * 1976-03-03 1980-08-12 Trw Inc. Pulsed chemical laser system
US4404452A (en) * 1979-06-08 1983-09-13 Philip Morris Incorporated Optical perforating apparatus and system
US4404454A (en) * 1978-09-20 1983-09-13 Philip Morris Incorporated Light energy perforation apparatus and system
US4410785A (en) * 1978-06-07 1983-10-18 Philip Morris Incorporated Method and apparatus for perforation of sheet material by laser
USRE31478E (en) * 1977-08-02 1983-12-27 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Rotary beam chopper and scanning system
US4439663A (en) * 1978-08-10 1984-03-27 Philip Morris Incorporated Method and system for laser perforation of sheet material
US4458982A (en) * 1981-03-31 1984-07-10 Ferranti Plc Optical scanning system including a rotatable drum with mirrors and including a rotatable optical shutter
US4519680A (en) * 1982-11-05 1985-05-28 Philip Morris Incorporated Beam chopper for producing multiple beams
US5375132A (en) * 1993-05-05 1994-12-20 Coherent, Inc. Solid state laser with interleaved output
US20150119681A1 (en) * 2013-10-29 2015-04-30 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Method and apparatus for scanning excitation light for a photoacoustic image

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4009859A1 (de) * 1990-03-28 1991-10-02 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung von laserstrahlung hoher leistung und guter qualitaet

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US3292102A (en) * 1962-12-14 1966-12-13 Francis T Byrne Pulsed optical beam generator
US3310753A (en) * 1963-02-07 1967-03-21 Martin Marietta Corp Sequentially firing array of laser units
US3311844A (en) * 1963-05-31 1967-03-28 United Aircraft Corp High repetition rate laser system
US3389348A (en) * 1964-02-07 1968-06-18 United Aircraft Corp Gating system for high power laser cascade

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DE1202742B (de) * 1964-03-26 1965-10-14 Licentia Gmbh Laser-Integrator

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3292102A (en) * 1962-12-14 1966-12-13 Francis T Byrne Pulsed optical beam generator
US3310753A (en) * 1963-02-07 1967-03-21 Martin Marietta Corp Sequentially firing array of laser units
US3311844A (en) * 1963-05-31 1967-03-28 United Aircraft Corp High repetition rate laser system
US3389348A (en) * 1964-02-07 1968-06-18 United Aircraft Corp Gating system for high power laser cascade

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4217558A (en) * 1976-03-03 1980-08-12 Trw Inc. Pulsed chemical laser system
USRE31478E (en) * 1977-08-02 1983-12-27 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Rotary beam chopper and scanning system
US4410785A (en) * 1978-06-07 1983-10-18 Philip Morris Incorporated Method and apparatus for perforation of sheet material by laser
US4439663A (en) * 1978-08-10 1984-03-27 Philip Morris Incorporated Method and system for laser perforation of sheet material
US4404454A (en) * 1978-09-20 1983-09-13 Philip Morris Incorporated Light energy perforation apparatus and system
US4404452A (en) * 1979-06-08 1983-09-13 Philip Morris Incorporated Optical perforating apparatus and system
US4458982A (en) * 1981-03-31 1984-07-10 Ferranti Plc Optical scanning system including a rotatable drum with mirrors and including a rotatable optical shutter
US4519680A (en) * 1982-11-05 1985-05-28 Philip Morris Incorporated Beam chopper for producing multiple beams
US5375132A (en) * 1993-05-05 1994-12-20 Coherent, Inc. Solid state laser with interleaved output
US5659563A (en) * 1993-05-05 1997-08-19 Coherent, Inc. Solid state laser with relay optics
US5781574A (en) * 1993-05-05 1998-07-14 Coherent, Inc. Liquid circulation system for cooling a laser head
US5999555A (en) * 1993-05-05 1999-12-07 Coherent, Inc. Apparatus for combining laser beams
US6115396A (en) * 1993-05-05 2000-09-05 Coherent, Inc. Control system for a laser with multiple solid state rods
US20150119681A1 (en) * 2013-10-29 2015-04-30 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Method and apparatus for scanning excitation light for a photoacoustic image

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CH449133A (de) 1967-12-31
GB1137291A (en) 1968-12-18
NL6513742A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1966-12-27
DE1298210B (de) 1969-06-26

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