US3539489A - Coating process and apparatus - Google Patents

Coating process and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3539489A
US3539489A US622764A US3539489DA US3539489A US 3539489 A US3539489 A US 3539489A US 622764 A US622764 A US 622764A US 3539489D A US3539489D A US 3539489DA US 3539489 A US3539489 A US 3539489A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
article
belt
coating
coating composition
electrically conductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US622764A
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English (en)
Inventor
Norman Morin Ness
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Publication date
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
    • C25D13/22—Servicing or operating apparatus or multistep processes

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A process for electrodepositing a coating on an electrically conductive article which is supported on a belt-like member extended in a liquid coating composition in which electric current is passed between the article and another electrode connected with one pole of the source of electric current, the belt-like member being adapted to connect the article with the other pole, and apparatus therefor.
  • This invention relates to a process and apparatus for electrodepositing a coating on an electrically conductive article from a liquid coating composition.
  • an electrically conductive article is immersed in a liquid coating composition which contains a dissolved and/ or a dispersed coating material, for example a film-forming resin, and an electric current is passed between the article and another electrode to deposit on the article a layer of the coating material.
  • the coated article may then be washed and dried and if necessary the coating cured, for example by stoving.
  • the suspending electrically conductive member may then be, for example, a spindle which passes into or right through an open section of the article or alternatively it may comprise a hook or other means to engage securely with any suitable part of the article.
  • SUMMARY we provide a process of electrodepositing a coating on an electrically conductive article which comprises passing an electric current through a liquid coating composition between the article to be coated and another electrode, the article being supported upon a belt-like member extended in the composition which member is adapted to electrically connect the article with one pole of the source of electric current.
  • the invention also provides an apparatus for electrodepositioning a coating on an electrically conductive article which comprises a coating bath for containing a liquid coating composition, a belt-like member extended in the Patented Nov. 10, 1970 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS It is one function of the belt-like member to support the article in the coating composition in a position suitable to receive an electro-deposited coating.
  • the member supports a plurality of such articles, the articles may be arranged or deposited in ordered or random manner upon the supporting member as desired.
  • the articles are so spaced that contact between them is reduced to a minimum in order to obtain an even coating, but in some cases electrical contact between the articles may be advantageous.
  • the belt-like member may remain stationary during the coating process but preferably it moves continuously or intermittently through the coating composition and is thus preferably engaged with means to enable such movement.
  • Such means include for example take-up rollers placed at each end of the travel of the belt-like member and by suitable rotation of these rollers the direction and rate of travel of the member through the composition may be varied.
  • the member is endless so that it can be continuously recirculated through the coating composition.
  • the belt-like member is preferably equipped with upwardly directed projections or hooks or other means which provide or assist physical contact or engagement between the article and the member.
  • the belt-like member It is another function of the belt-like member to enable electrical connection of the article to be made with one pole of the source of electric current which is employed to effect the electrodeposiiton of a coating on the article.
  • the member will normally contain electrically conductive elements but it may be advantageous that the member is not electrically conductive throughout its entire length and/or that it is enabled to electrically connect an article with one pole of the source of electric current over only a selected length of its travel through the coating bath. However, there should be provided in the member at least one point for electrical contact between the member and the article, to which point the current is conducted.
  • the member may also co-operate with another belt-like member whereby for example elements to support the article and to electrically connect it to one pole of the source of electric current may project through that other member.
  • an article to be coated may be transported by one or more additional belt-like members to and from the first belt-like member which is adapted to electrically connect the article with a pole of the source of electric current, the first belt-like member being located in the coating composition.
  • the first belt-like member being located in the coating composition.
  • this second member may co-operate with the first member such that article-sup porting elements on the first member project through the second member.
  • the belt-like member may comprise predominantly electrically conductive material, e.g. metal mesh, or net. Preferably it has upstanding projections to support the article and provide an electrical contact between the article and the belt.
  • the belt-like member may comprise largely non-conductive material but with suitably spaced electrically conductive elements carried on or partially embedded in it which can make electrical contact with an article. Again these elements may have upstanding projections to support the article and to provide electrical contact.
  • Electrical contact between the article on the belt-like member and one pole of the source of electric current may be effected through conductive elements and by way of, for example, the means such as rollers by which the member is extended in the coating composition.
  • electrical contact may be maintained with one pole of the source of electric current by brush contact with electrically conductive elements on that face carrying the articles preferably through an upstanding part of the member or conductive element thereof.
  • the belt-like member may be of any suitable material or materials suflrciently robust and substantially chemically inert to the coating composition or alternatively which will not adversely effect the coating process.
  • those electrically conductive parts of the belt-like member which are capa'ble of electrical connection With an article may become coated with coating material and thus be ineffective in electrically connecting with an article after one or more passages of the member through the coating composition. It is therefore preferred to periodically remove the electrodeposited coating from such parts of the member. This operation may conveniently be performed after each passage of the member through the coating composition. Suitable means for removing coating from such parts may be chemical or physical, for example by solvent, by wiping, brushing or abrasive action.
  • the preferred aqueous coating composition used in the electrodeposition process is of low viscosity and of low solids content and by suitable arrangement of the belt-like member a substantial proportion of the adhering material may be drained back into the bulk of the coating medium.
  • the article may be washed to remove surplus coating composition and if necessary dried Whilst still supported on the belt-like member. Such a washing treatment may also be advantageous in cleaning the belt-like member.
  • the washed article may be subsequently stoved where this is necessary.
  • the liquid coating composition is preferably an aqueous coating composition.
  • the aqueous coating composition contains an organic film-forming material as the coating material.
  • Suitable organic film-forming materials include the alkyd resins, epoxy resins, maleinised oils and acrylic resins used alone or in mixtures, optionally together with organic solvents and other coating additives such as pigments.
  • the film-forming material contains free acid groups e.g. carboxyl groups, it may be suitable when used in conjunction with a suitable base, e.g. an amine or a metal hydroxide, for anodic deposition.
  • a suitable base e.g. an amine or a metal hydroxide
  • the film-forming material contains basic groups e.g. amine groups, it may be suitable when used in conjunction with a suitable acid for cathodic deposition.
  • the film-forming materials may be present in the coating composition as a solution, colloid, fine particle size dispersion and/ or emulsion.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an apparatus wherein one belt-like member adapted to electrically connect an article with one pole of a source of electric current conveys the article into, through, and then out of the coating composition
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an apparatus wherein a belt-like member adapted to electrically connect an article with one pole of a source of electric current is in contact with the article only during its passage through the coating composition.
  • an endless belt 5 of flexible metal mesh having outwardly directed metal spikes 9 to make electrical contact with an article 1 when placed on the belt is arranged to pass in an approximately horizontal position through a bath 8 of coating composition 2, the belt being supported on rotatable rollers 6 and 7 before it enters and after it leaves the bath.
  • the belt is also guided and supported by guide members 3 and 4.
  • At least one rotatable roller 6 is in electrical contact with one pole of a source of electric current and the other pole of that source is in electrical contact with the coating composition through an electrode in contact with the composition, which may be, for example, the electrically conductive wall of the bath 8.
  • the aforesaid rotating roller is in electrical contact with the metal mesh belt and with the outwardly directed metal spikes.
  • a brush (not shown) is suitably situated to remove an electrodeposited coating from the metal spikes of the mesh belt, after it has passed through the coating composition.
  • Means (not shown) for washing the belt and an article thereon are provided after drainage of excess material adhering to the belt and the article has taken place.
  • an article 1 is placed on the belt 5 in electrical contact with at least one of the upwardly directed metal spikes 9 and whilst the article is immersed in the coating composition 2 an electric current is passed between the belt (and thus through the article) and the other electrode 8.
  • the coated article is conveyed from the coating composition by movement of the belt and excess coating material adhering to the article and the belt is allowed to drain off.
  • a brush for removing coating from the article-contacting parts of the belt is continuously operated and a washing stage frees the belt from loose coating and the article from the adhering coating composition.
  • the article may be subsequently dried and/ or stoved.
  • an endless belt 5 of flexible metal mesh provided with outwardly projecting metal spikes 10 is adapted to rotate within a bath 8 of coating composition 2 around two rotatable rollers 6 and 7 placed in the same horizontal plane. At least one roller 6 is in electrical contact with one pole of a source of electric current and with the spikes, and the other pole is in electrical contact with the coating composition through an electrode, in this case the electrically conductive wall of the bath 8 which is in contact with the composition.
  • a non-conductive belt 9 is arranged by means of external rollers to enter the coating composition, to pass over the upper part of the endless belt so that the spikes project upwards through apertures provided in the non-conductive belt, and then to leave the coating composition.
  • the article In coating an article 1 with this apparatus the article is conveyed into the coating composition 2 on the nonconductive belt 9 until it becomes immersed in the compostion and supported on the spikes 10 of the endless belt 5.
  • the article is coated by electrodeposition only whilst in electrical contact with the spikes and may then be conveyed from the composition by the non-conductive belt.
  • an article may be conveyed directly from any pre-treatment stage to the coating bath and then to a post-treatment such as washing and stoving on a continuous length of belt.
  • the non-conductive belt may be stoved without affecting the efiiciency of the coating process while the coating deposited on the spikes may be readily removed, for example, by brush action.
  • a process of electrodepositing a coating of organic film-forming material on electrically conductive articles which comprises passing an electric current through an aqueous liquid between said articles and an electrode which is in contact with said liquid and with one pole of a source of electric current, said liquid containing a film-forming material which has acid or base groups and a liquid also containing an acid when the film-forming material contains base groups and a base when said film-forming material contains acid groups; the improvement which comprises supporting said articles on an electrically non-conductive belt having a plurality of openings therethrough, introducing said belt and the supported articles into said liquid, inserting through said openings electrically conductive members which contact said articles while in said liquid, the electrically conductive members being in electrical contact with the other pole of said source of electric current, whereby said film. forming material is deposited on said articles, and removing the electrically conductive members from said openmgs.
  • Apparatus for electrodeposition of a coating of organic film-forming material on electrically conductive articles comprising a receptacle for an aqueous liquid containing said film-forming material, a first electrode mounted to contact the liquid in said receptacle and in electrical contact with one pole of a source of electric current, a non-conductive belt having openings therethrough for supporting said articles, means for introducing said belt into said receptacle and for withdrawing said belt from said receptacle, electrically conductive members in electric contact with the other pole of said source of electric current and means for inserting said electrically conductive members through said openings to contact said articles and for withdrawing them from said openings.
  • said means for inserting and withdrawing said electrically conductive members is a second belt from which the electrically conductive members project, the second belt moving along a path, a part of which is parallel and adjacent to the non-conductive belt so that said electrically conductive members are inserted into said openings during that part of said path.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
US622764A 1966-03-16 1967-03-13 Coating process and apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3539489A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB01505/66A GB1180731A (en) 1966-03-16 1966-03-16 Electrodeposition Coating Process and Apparatus
GB1150567 1967-03-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3539489A true US3539489A (en) 1970-11-10

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US622764A Expired - Lifetime US3539489A (en) 1966-03-16 1967-03-13 Coating process and apparatus

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US (1) US3539489A (en:Method)
BE (1) BE695619A (en:Method)
DE (1) DE1621967A1 (en:Method)
FR (1) FR1514750A (en:Method)
GB (1) GB1180731A (en:Method)
NL (1) NL6703820A (en:Method)
SE (1) SE352665B (en:Method)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3728247A (en) * 1968-12-04 1973-04-17 Armco Steel Corp Apparatus for coating conductive articles
US3879277A (en) * 1973-04-27 1975-04-22 Armco Steel Corp Method and apparatus for electropainting small articles
US4189845A (en) * 1973-10-10 1980-02-26 Candor James T Method and apparatus for electrostatically forming a layer of material from a slurry thereof
US4236317A (en) * 1979-10-16 1980-12-02 Candor James T Method and apparatus for electrostatically forming a layer of material from a slurry thereof
US4268368A (en) * 1980-03-24 1981-05-19 International Business Machines Corporation Electrophoretical method for selectively reinking resistive ribbon thermal transfer printing ribbons
US5810987A (en) * 1988-12-23 1998-09-22 Sep Gesellschaft Fur Technische Studien Entwicklung Planung Mbh Process for efficiently electrophoretically coating small items
US20030213694A1 (en) * 2001-03-02 2003-11-20 Emmonds Donald D. Process for electrocoating metal blanks and coiled metal substrates
WO2002070147A3 (en) * 2001-03-02 2004-12-09 Ppg Ind Ohio Inc Apparatus and methods for continuously electrocoating metal blanks and/or coiled metal substrates
US20060032751A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-02-16 Mcpheron Douglas A System for coating objects
US20060032748A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-02-16 Mcpheron Douglas A Method for coating objects
US20060049062A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-03-09 Orosz Gary R Processes for coating of objects
US20070007110A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2007-01-11 Kaufman Paul J Belt conveyor apparatus
US20080146065A1 (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Intel Corporation Socket that engages a pin grid array

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2108134A1 (en) * 1970-04-10 1972-05-19 Armco Steel Corp Organic film coating device for metals
US3830716A (en) * 1971-07-22 1974-08-20 Armco Steel Corp Electrocoating method and apparatus
EP0519262A1 (de) * 1991-06-21 1992-12-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Einrichtung zum elektrophoretischen Auftrag eines Lackes auf plattenförmige Werkstoffe
US5223116A (en) * 1992-05-11 1993-06-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for electrophoretic application of a lacquer onto plate-shaped work pieces

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US799402A (en) * 1904-04-30 1905-09-12 Louis Potthoff Electroplating apparatus.
US1168281A (en) * 1913-06-23 1916-01-18 Safety Armorite Conduit Company Electroplating apparatus.
US1208584A (en) * 1914-11-25 1916-12-12 Alexander Laughlin Jr Electrogalvanizing apparatus.
US1243098A (en) * 1916-02-11 1917-10-16 Louis Potthoff Electroplating apparatus.
US1336052A (en) * 1920-04-06 Apparatus eor electroplating
US1950096A (en) * 1929-06-18 1934-03-06 Jeffrey Mfg Co Method and apparatus for coating articles
US2011328A (en) * 1934-01-25 1935-08-13 Rust Proofing And Metal Finish Coating method and apparatus
US2878171A (en) * 1955-04-18 1959-03-17 Ferrand Marcel Method of manufacturing abrasive surfaces by electro formation and the products obtained thereby
US2887447A (en) * 1956-10-18 1959-05-19 Leslie E Lancy Electrotreating apparatus and process
US3254004A (en) * 1960-10-24 1966-05-31 Ass Elect Ind Process of and apparatus for electrophoretically coating a selected portion of an electrically conducting member

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1336052A (en) * 1920-04-06 Apparatus eor electroplating
US799402A (en) * 1904-04-30 1905-09-12 Louis Potthoff Electroplating apparatus.
US1168281A (en) * 1913-06-23 1916-01-18 Safety Armorite Conduit Company Electroplating apparatus.
US1208584A (en) * 1914-11-25 1916-12-12 Alexander Laughlin Jr Electrogalvanizing apparatus.
US1243098A (en) * 1916-02-11 1917-10-16 Louis Potthoff Electroplating apparatus.
US1950096A (en) * 1929-06-18 1934-03-06 Jeffrey Mfg Co Method and apparatus for coating articles
US2011328A (en) * 1934-01-25 1935-08-13 Rust Proofing And Metal Finish Coating method and apparatus
US2878171A (en) * 1955-04-18 1959-03-17 Ferrand Marcel Method of manufacturing abrasive surfaces by electro formation and the products obtained thereby
US2887447A (en) * 1956-10-18 1959-05-19 Leslie E Lancy Electrotreating apparatus and process
US3254004A (en) * 1960-10-24 1966-05-31 Ass Elect Ind Process of and apparatus for electrophoretically coating a selected portion of an electrically conducting member

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3728247A (en) * 1968-12-04 1973-04-17 Armco Steel Corp Apparatus for coating conductive articles
US3879277A (en) * 1973-04-27 1975-04-22 Armco Steel Corp Method and apparatus for electropainting small articles
US4189845A (en) * 1973-10-10 1980-02-26 Candor James T Method and apparatus for electrostatically forming a layer of material from a slurry thereof
US4236317A (en) * 1979-10-16 1980-12-02 Candor James T Method and apparatus for electrostatically forming a layer of material from a slurry thereof
US4268368A (en) * 1980-03-24 1981-05-19 International Business Machines Corporation Electrophoretical method for selectively reinking resistive ribbon thermal transfer printing ribbons
EP0037464A3 (en) * 1980-03-24 1982-05-05 International Business Machines Corporation Process for selectively reinking used thermal transfer printing ribbon and method for making a colloidal dispersion for use in said process
US5810987A (en) * 1988-12-23 1998-09-22 Sep Gesellschaft Fur Technische Studien Entwicklung Planung Mbh Process for efficiently electrophoretically coating small items
US7285200B2 (en) 2001-03-02 2007-10-23 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Process for electrocoating metal blanks and coiled metal substrates
US6676820B2 (en) 2001-03-02 2004-01-13 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Process for electrocoating metal blanks and coiled metal substrates
US20040016643A1 (en) * 2001-03-02 2004-01-29 Emmonds Donald D. Process for electrocoating metal blanks and coiled metal substrates
WO2002070147A3 (en) * 2001-03-02 2004-12-09 Ppg Ind Ohio Inc Apparatus and methods for continuously electrocoating metal blanks and/or coiled metal substrates
US20030213694A1 (en) * 2001-03-02 2003-11-20 Emmonds Donald D. Process for electrocoating metal blanks and coiled metal substrates
US7285201B2 (en) 2001-03-02 2007-10-23 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Process for electrocoating metal blanks and coiled metal substrates
US20070007110A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2007-01-11 Kaufman Paul J Belt conveyor apparatus
US20060051511A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-03-09 Orosz Gary R Apparatus and systems for coating objects
US20060051512A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-03-09 Orosz Gary R Apparatus and systems for coating objects
US20060049062A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-03-09 Orosz Gary R Processes for coating of objects
US20060032748A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-02-16 Mcpheron Douglas A Method for coating objects
US20060032751A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-02-16 Mcpheron Douglas A System for coating objects
US7303065B2 (en) 2004-08-13 2007-12-04 Penn United Technologies, Inc. Belt conveyor apparatus
US7455732B2 (en) 2004-08-13 2008-11-25 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Apparatus and systems for coating objects
US7767070B2 (en) 2004-08-13 2010-08-03 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Processes for coating of objects
US7943028B2 (en) 2004-08-13 2011-05-17 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Method for coating objects
US7947160B2 (en) 2004-08-13 2011-05-24 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. System for coating objects
US20080146065A1 (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Intel Corporation Socket that engages a pin grid array
US7670167B2 (en) * 2006-12-14 2010-03-02 Intel Corporation Socket that engages a pin grid array

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1621967A1 (de) 1971-11-18
FR1514750A (fr) 1968-02-23
SE352665B (en:Method) 1973-01-08
GB1180731A (en) 1970-02-11
NL6703820A (en:Method) 1967-09-18
BE695619A (en:Method) 1967-09-18

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