US3536947A - High pressure discharge lamps - Google Patents

High pressure discharge lamps Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3536947A
US3536947A US714521A US3536947DA US3536947A US 3536947 A US3536947 A US 3536947A US 714521 A US714521 A US 714521A US 3536947D A US3536947D A US 3536947DA US 3536947 A US3536947 A US 3536947A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
thallium
gram
rare earth
mercury
discharge lamp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US714521A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Tadatoshi Higashi
Satoshi Nagano
Leo Mori
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toshiba Corp
Original Assignee
Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3536947A publication Critical patent/US3536947A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/18—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
    • C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
    • C09K11/7704—Halogenides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/38—Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light
    • H01J61/42—Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light by transforming the wavelength of the light by luminescence

Definitions

  • This invention relates ot a high pressure discharge lamp and more particularly to a discharge lamp having a high efficiency and an excellent colour rendering property because of a continuous spectrum over the entire range of visible rays and, which is suitable for use as a source of illumination for general purposes.
  • An ordinary high pressure discharge lamp comprises an evacuated envelope and a luminous tube made of quartz glass and containing an ionisable rare gas such as argon under a pressure of several centimeters of Hg, several milligrams of mercury per cubic centimeter of the inside volume of the luminous tube and halides such as bromides or iodides of sodium, lithium, thallium, indium, scandium, thorium and the like.
  • the luminous tube is contained in the evacuated envelope.
  • Discharge lamps are already known which utilise as said halides, (A) halides of thallium, or halides of sodium or mixtures thereof, (B) a mixture of iodides of thallium, sodium and indium, (if required lithium may be added to this mixture) and (C) a mixture of iodides of sodium and scandium.
  • this object can be accomplished by sealing in a luminous tube a rare gas, mercury, at least one element selected from particular rare earth elements, thallium and a halogen in a predetermined range.
  • a discharge lamp comprising a luminous tube including discharge electrodes, said luminous tube containing an ionisable starting rare gas, from 0.5 to 10 milligrams per cubic centimeter of mercury, 1.2 10 to 1.2 10 gram-atoms per cubic centimeter of at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of thulium, erbium and holmium 1.0 10 to 4 10- gram-atoms per cubic centimeter of thallium and a halogen of the quantity of more than 4.6 l0-' gram-atoms per cubic centimeter but less than the total sum of one-third of the chemical equivalent of said mercury, the chemical equivalents of said rare earth elements and the chemical equivalent of thallium.
  • FIG. 1 shows an elevation of an electric discharge lamp embodying this invention
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 are graphs illustrating the relative spectral energy distribution characteristics of light rays emitted from electric discharge lamps embodying this invention
  • FIG. 1 an electric discharge lamp comprising an evacuated envelope 1 made of transparent glass and provided with a base 2 at one end thereof.
  • a supporting frame 3 made of a metal wire is disposed within the envelope to support a luminous sealed tube 4 which is made of a transparent fused quartz glass tube with its opposite ends pressed.
  • the main electrode 5 is electrically connected to one terminal of the base via the supporting frame 3 and a lead-in conductor 11 sealed in a stem 12, while the other main electrode 6- is connected to the other terminal of the base via lead-in conductor 13 similarly sealed in the stem 12.
  • the auxiliary electrode 7 is connected to the supporting frame 3 through a conductor 14 and a starting resistor 15. It should be understood that the auxiliary electrode 7 may be omitted when desired.
  • the sealed tube 4 are sealed ionisable starting rare gas such as argon at a pressure of 10 to 40 millimeters of Hg, mercury of the quantity of 0.5 to 10 milligrams, thallium of the quantity of from 1.0 10* to 4 10* gram-atoms, from l.2 10"' to 1.2 10 gram-atoms of at least one rare earth element, selected from the group consisting of thulium, erbium and holmium and a halogen, for example iodine, of the quantity of more than 4.6 X 10- gram-atoms but less than the sum of one third of the chemical equivalent of said mercury, the chemical equivalent of the rare earth element and the chemical equivalent of thallium, all of said gram molecules rbeing per cubic centimeter of the inner volume of the sealed tube.
  • starting rare gas such as argon at a pressure of 10 to 40 millimeters of Hg
  • mercury of the quantity of 0.5 to 10 milligrams
  • thallium of the
  • the electric discharge lamp constructed as above described When impressed with a starting voltage from a conventional starting device, the electric discharge lamp constructed as above described will initiate a glow discharge between the main electrode 6 and the auxiliary electrode 7 followed by an arc discharge between the main electrodes and 6. The heat generated by this discharge will heat up the sealed tube 4, thus increasing the vapour pressure of mercury, halides of and rare earth elements which are sealed therein.
  • the vapourised halides of rare earth elements emit an intense continuous spectrum in the visible range, while at the same time thallium and rare earth elements emit continuously distributed inherent lines in the spectrum.
  • thallium, rare earth elements and their halides utilised according to this invention will act to complement the light in the wavelength region of the visible spectrum which is not afforded by mercury with the. result that the spectral energy distribution is made more uniform and the colour rendering property is improved.
  • the colour rendering property can be further enhanced by providing on the inner wall of the envelope 1 a phosphorescent layer which emits wavelengths in the red chiefly by absorbing ultraviolet.
  • the reason that the quantities of mercury, rare earth elements, thallium and halogens sealed in the luminous tube of the discharge lamp embodying this invention are selected to be in the range mentioned above is as follows: More particularly, with mercury of the quantity outside the range of from 0.5 to milligrams per cubic centimeter of the inner volume of the luminous tube, the desired luminescence or electrical characteristics cannot be expected, whereas with one, two or more of the rare earth elements selected from the group consisting of thulium, erbium and holmium of the quantity of less than 1.2 X 10- gram molecules per cubic centimeter of the inner volume of the luminous tube the advantage of sealing them in is not sufficient.
  • the elements When the quantity of these elements exceeds 1.2 10 gram-atoms, the elements tend to deposit on the wall of the tube thus decreasing the light flux.
  • Said materials may be sealed in singly or in the form of halides.
  • the type of the rare earth elements is limited to the above mentioned three types and other elements can not accomplish the object of this invention or can not provide discharge lamps of high luminescent efiiciencies.
  • the quantity of the thallium sealed in the luminous tube should be specified in order to manifest excellent characteristics by the cumulative function with the rare earth elements such as thulium. In accordance with the present invention.
  • the quantity of thallium used is selected to be less than 4 l0- gram-atoms per cubic centimeter in order to avoid such problems as the instability of the arc and the decrease in the short wave components ranging from bluish purple to blu due to reabsorption and to be more than 1.-0 10 gram-atoms per cubic centimeter in order to provide high efficiency discharge lamps by emanating the desired light flux.
  • This quantity is much smaller than that of a conventional discharge lamp containing more than 6 10 gram-atoms per cubic centimeter of thallium iodide in addition to the requisite quantities of mercury and argon.
  • the quantity of halogen to be sealed in should be at least 4.6x l0" gram-atoms per cubic centimeter in order to provide desired luminescence by the cumulative action with metals, and should not exceed the sum of the chemical equivalents of said rare earth elements, the chemical equivalent of thallium, and one third of the chemical equivalent of mercury, otherwise the discharge becomes unstable and excellent operating characteristics cannot be expected. Moreover excessive halogen may corrode the electrodes.
  • the discharge lamp of this invention constructed as above described readily emits white light at high efiiciencies of from 80 lumens to 90 lumens per watt with an input of 400 watts for example, when applied with a starting voltage of from 300 to 400 volts from a well known lighting device.
  • the white light is distributed as a continuous spectrum over the entire visible range the discharge lamp has high practical value as the light source for general purpose.
  • the halide additive discharge lamp immediately after striking a discharge between discharge electrodes by the application of the starting voltage essentially the mercury spectrum lines are emanated which results in the increase in the wall temperature of the luminous tube. This temperature increase causes vapourisation of the thallium halide, for example, thallium iodide.
  • the resonance line of thallium of a wavelength of 5,350 angstrom becomes predominent.
  • the wall temperature further increases to the steady state of 680 to 800 C. (at which time the tube wall load is equal to at least 12 watts per cubic centimeter) a continuous spectrum is emitted by the halides of said rare earth elements with the result that the resonance line of thallium becomes relatively weak thus emanating white light at high efficiencies as a whole.
  • Luminescence of white light at these high efiiciencies is diiferent dependent upon thetype of the rare earth elements used. The efficiency is the highest for thulium and can amount to more than 90 lumens per watt at an input of 400 watts. The light is bluish white to white giving cool feeling.
  • the discharge lamp emits white light having a continuous spectrum distributed over the entire visible range at high efficiencies of 80 to lumens per watt and which is suitable as a light source for general purposes.
  • the discharge lamp has higher practical values when compared with a discharge lamp containing rare earth elements, mercury and argon but not thulium and can emit at most 65 lumens per watt at an input of 400 watts since such a lamp emanates plenty of relatively short wavelengths from blue to bluish purple and with a discharge lamp containing thallium iodide and mercury but not containing rare earth elements and has relatively high efficiencies of 75 to 80 lumens per watt and yet unsuitable for ordinary illumination owing to its green colour.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A discharge lamp including a luminous tube made of a sealed off fused quartz tube having an inside diameter of 16 millimeters, an arc length of 50 millimeters, and an inside volume of 12- cubic centimeters was prepared and in which were sealed 30 milligrams of mercury, 1.5 l0- gram-atoms of thallium iodide, 2 10 gramatoms of thulium iodide and argon gas at a pressure of 20 millimeters of Hg at room temperature. When energised with an input of 400 watts the discharge lamp emanated white light at a colour temperature of 6,000 K. (absolute temperature) with a total light flux of 36,400 lumens.
  • FIG. 2 shows the spectral energy distribution at this state.
  • FIG. 3 shows the spectral energy distribution of this modified lamp.
  • erbium was substituted for holmium iodide substantially the same advantage was noted.
  • a discharge lamp including a luminous tube made of a sealed off fused quartz tube having an inside diameter of 16 millimeters, an arc length of 50 millimeters and an inside volume of 12 cubic centimeters and provided with a fluorescent layer including a rare earth element on the inner wall of the outer bulb was prepared and in which were sealed 30 milligrams of mercury, x10 gram-atoms of thallium iodide, 140x10 gram-atoms of thulium iodide, 1.0 1O- gram-atoms of holmium iodide and argon gas at a pressure of 20* millimeters at room temperature.
  • the discharge lamp emanated a total light flux of 35,000 lumens with an excellent colour rendering property.
  • the provision of the fluorescent layer had an effect of improving the colour rendering property without any appreciable decrease in the total light flux.
  • a high pressure discharge lamp comprising a luminous tube including discharge electrodes, said luminous tube containing starting rare gas, from 0.5 to 10 milligrams per cubic centimeter of mercury, 1.2 10-' to 1 .2 10- gram-atoms per cubic centimeter of at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of thulium, erbium and holmium, 1.0 l 0-" to 4X10- gram-atoms per cubic centimeter of thallium and a halogen of the quantity of more than 4.6x 10 gram-atoms per cubic centimeter but less than the total sum of one third of the chemical equivalent of said mercury, the chemical equivalent of said rare earth element and the chemical equivalent of thallium.
  • a high pressure discharge lamp comprising a luminous tube including an envelope with an inner wall, discharge electrodes, said luminous tube containing starting rare gas, from 0.5 to 10 milligrams per cubic centimeter of mercury, 1.2 10- to 1.2 10- gram-atoms per cubic centimeter of at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of thulium, erbium and holmium, 1.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
US714521A 1967-03-23 1968-03-20 High pressure discharge lamps Expired - Lifetime US3536947A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1763367 1967-03-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3536947A true US3536947A (en) 1970-10-27

Family

ID=11949254

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US714521A Expired - Lifetime US3536947A (en) 1967-03-23 1968-03-20 High pressure discharge lamps

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3536947A (de)
DE (1) DE1764015A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1556885A (de)
GB (1) GB1189614A (de)
NL (1) NL6803988A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3654506A (en) * 1969-08-08 1972-04-04 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh High pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp with metal halide additive
FR2125360A1 (de) * 1971-02-11 1972-09-29 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh
US3771009A (en) * 1971-12-27 1973-11-06 Gte Laboratories Inc Electrode discharge device with electrode-activating fill
US3842307A (en) * 1971-02-11 1974-10-15 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh High pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp with metal halide additives
US20070176560A1 (en) * 2004-04-14 2007-08-02 Andreas Hollstein Gas discharge lamp comprising a helicoid discharge tube and an inner tube piece

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB896794A (en) * 1959-04-23 1962-05-16 Carr Fastener Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to a fastener for securing a member to an apertured support
GB1036729A (en) * 1962-06-05 1966-07-20 Ft Products Ltd Improvements in and relating to fastener plug buttons, or closures
DE3044184A1 (de) * 1980-11-24 1982-06-16 Mutzhas Maximilian F Vorrichtung zur phototherapeutischen behandlung der hyperbilirubinaemie

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3334261A (en) * 1965-10-24 1967-08-01 Sylvania Electric Prod High pressure discharge device having a fill including iodine mercury and at least one rare earth metal
US3452238A (en) * 1966-12-05 1969-06-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Metal vapor discharge lamp

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3334261A (en) * 1965-10-24 1967-08-01 Sylvania Electric Prod High pressure discharge device having a fill including iodine mercury and at least one rare earth metal
US3452238A (en) * 1966-12-05 1969-06-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Metal vapor discharge lamp

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3654506A (en) * 1969-08-08 1972-04-04 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh High pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp with metal halide additive
FR2125360A1 (de) * 1971-02-11 1972-09-29 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh
US3842307A (en) * 1971-02-11 1974-10-15 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh High pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp with metal halide additives
US3771009A (en) * 1971-12-27 1973-11-06 Gte Laboratories Inc Electrode discharge device with electrode-activating fill
US20070176560A1 (en) * 2004-04-14 2007-08-02 Andreas Hollstein Gas discharge lamp comprising a helicoid discharge tube and an inner tube piece
US7876052B2 (en) * 2004-04-14 2011-01-25 Osram Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung Gas discharge lamp comprising a helicoid discharge tube and an inner tube piece

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1556885A (de) 1969-02-07
GB1189614A (en) 1970-04-29
DE1764015A1 (de) 1971-04-08
NL6803988A (de) 1968-09-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3259777A (en) Metal halide vapor discharge lamp with near molten tip electrodes
US3234421A (en) Metallic halide electric discharge lamps
US2765416A (en) Vapor lamps utilizing chemical compounds
KR100237859B1 (ko) 고전력 램프
JPH02291661A (ja) 強い青色発光を示す複写用メタルハライドランプ
US3778662A (en) High intensity fluorescent lamp radiating ionic radiation within the range of 1,600{14 2,300 a.u.
US3764843A (en) High-pressure gas discharge lamp containing germanium and selenium
US3452238A (en) Metal vapor discharge lamp
US2194300A (en) Vapor lamp and method of operation
US2152999A (en) Gaseous electric discharge lamp device
US3536947A (en) High pressure discharge lamps
US4249102A (en) Halogen-metal vapor discharge lamp
US3379916A (en) High-pressure vapour lamp containing indium, thallium and gallium halides
US4027190A (en) Metal halide lamp
US2152989A (en) Gaseous electric discharge lamp device
US20080042577A1 (en) Mercury-free compositions and radiation sources incorporating same
US3566178A (en) High pressure discharge lamp containing an inert gas,mercury,a halogen and tin
US6603267B2 (en) Low-pressure gas discharge lamp with a copper-containing gas filling
Waymouth et al. A new metal halide arc lamp
US3110833A (en) Multiple envelope high pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp
US2404002A (en) Electrical gaseous discharge lamp
US3832591A (en) High luminous efficacy white appearing lamp
US3575630A (en) High pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp containing zirconium iodide
US3431447A (en) High-pressure metallic vapor discharge lamp including mercury and thallium iodide
US3821576A (en) High pressure mercury titanium iodine discharge lamp with phosphor coating