US3536226A - Self-supporting cargo tank with partially perforated sandwich panels - Google Patents

Self-supporting cargo tank with partially perforated sandwich panels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3536226A
US3536226A US742595A US3536226DA US3536226A US 3536226 A US3536226 A US 3536226A US 742595 A US742595 A US 742595A US 3536226D A US3536226D A US 3536226DA US 3536226 A US3536226 A US 3536226A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tank
walls
wall
liquid
imperforate
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US742595A
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English (en)
Inventor
Edmund G Tornay
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Conch International Methane Ltd
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Conch International Methane Ltd
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Filing date
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0354—Wood
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/013—Reducing manufacturing time or effort
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/901—Liquified gas content, cryogenic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/918—Spacing element for separating the walls of a spaced-wall container

Definitions

  • a self-supporting, l'lgld metal cargo tank for 6 Chin annwln F cryogenic fluids such as llquefield gases constructed of partially perforated sandwich panels, z.e., panels havmg two U-S- aced heet metal wall with internal metal bracing intereon- 230/15; 1 14/74 necting them and forming cells to provide a light but strong [51] lnt.Cl 865d 7/22 and rigid pane] Structure, one f these two walls being Field surch 220/15, forated and the other being liquid-tight, in such a way that the 9(A Mum: 114/740) liquid-tightness runs in some areas at the inside face of the tank and in other areas at the outside face, to prevent pockets [56] References Cmd of gas being trapped by the internal cellular structure and at UNITED STATES PATENTS the same time provide maximum strength and rigidity of the 2,947,438 8/ 1960 Clauson 220/15 tank for
  • Tornay '7 fl/I LM A pf ATTORNEY 1 SELF-SUPPORTING CARGO TANK WITH PARTIALLY PERFORATED SANDWICH PANELS This invention relates to tanks for the storage and transportation of liquids in large volume and at a temperature differing widely from ambient temperature.
  • the invention is primarily intended for polygonal tanks, for very cold liquids such as liquefied gases at near atmospheric pressure, and for use as self-supporting cargo vessels in transportation means such as a marine tanker.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 2,982,441 (Farrell) a tank construction comprising a tank of polygonal shape in horizontal cross section having walls formed of high strength fluid and vapor impervious material, a plurality of vertically spaced apart, horizontally disposed stiffening and reinforcing members extending substantially continuously about the entire inner faces of the upright walls extending substantially throughout the lengths thereof and fixed thereto to form a part of the walls and at least one horizontally disposed elongate cross tie member interconnecting each of the adjacent walls of the tank and extending angularly between the adjacent sections of the attached horizontally arranged and vertically spaced apart reinforcing members.
  • the current trend is towards larger capacity tankers and for simplicity and economy these require larger size tanks rather than a greater number of small tanks.
  • the large tanks present the difficulty that they are heavy and bulky and the size of a tank which can be pre-assembled and then mounted in a tanker is limited by the loading capacity of shipyard cranes. It is, therefore, desirable to adopt a design of tank which is as light in weight as possible and can be assembled within a cargo hold of a'tanker to form a tank. But the provision of large numbers of stiffening members render this more difficult.
  • both of the double walls are intended to be liquid-tight, the inner wallserving as a primary barrier and the outer wall serving as a secondary barrier in the event of failure of the primary barrier.
  • Such constructions have a number of disadvantages.
  • One disadvantage is that because both walls are required to be liquid-tight and capable of withstanding the hydrostatic cargo loads and inertia forces, they must each be of substantial thickness.
  • a second disadvantage is that, should fracture of the primary barrier inner wall occur so that inflammable fluid cargo enters the space between the walls, this represents a substantial source of danger when the tank has been emptied, due both to expansion and possible rupturing of the cells, and also to the slow release of inflammable gas into the empty tank where it can mix with air and may present hazard.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a tank construction in which the minimum amount of metal is employed, while maintaining the necessary structural strength.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a tank construction in which the number and/or section modulus of the stiffening members are reduced, thereby reducing the metal employed and facilitating assembly of the tank, in situ, in the cargo hold of a tank.
  • a selfsupporting, rigid metal cargo tank for cold fluids such as liquefied gases, constructed of partially perforated sandwich panels having two spaced sheet metal walls with internal metal bracing interconnecting them and forming cells to provide a light but strong and rigid panel structure, one of these two walls being perforated and other being liquid-tight, in such a way that the liquid-tightness runs in some areas at the inside face of the tank and in other areas at the outside face.
  • the arrangement is such that the inner side wall is liquid-tight up to a certain height from the bottom of the tank, is then perforated almost till the top of the tank, the corresponding outer side wall being perforated, the liquid cargo being allowed to enter the space between the double side walls over that part where the outer side wall is liquid-tight.
  • This construction has the advantage of providing maximum strength and rigidity of the tank for a given amount of metal employed and at the same time, preventing pockets of gas being trapped at the top and liquid at the bottom by the internal cellular structure.
  • the tank construction of the present invention requires less metal than a conventional single wall tank because the internal metal bracing between the walls provides such reinforcement that the total thickness of the two walls may be less'than the thickness of the wall of a conventional single wall tank and reduces the number and/or section modulus of the additional stiffening members required.
  • the tank construction of the present invention requires slightly less metal than a double wall tank because, in the latter, where each wall is intended'to be fluid tight and to be capable of withstanding the hydrostatic loads and inertia forces exerted by the cargo the plates must be of substantial thickness, but in the present invention only one of the two walls at any part of the tank require to be liquid-tight so that the adjacent parts of the other wall can be thinner.
  • perforations or apertures are deliberately provided so that all of the which would have to be provided in association with the space between the walls of a double wall double barrier tank.
  • tank construction of the present invention is intended as a primary barrier only.
  • thermal insulation 2 lining the cargo hold as known per se.
  • This thermal insulation can be of any suitable known construction for this purpose.
  • the tank is vessel 2, within which it is supported by any suitable means,
  • the rigidity is that of a conventional sandwich-type tank wall, and an aluminum tank of this construction may give a saving in metal'of about 14 percent, as compared to aconventional single wall tank construction.,The inner surface of the top is made tight to prevent pockets of gas being trapped by the cellular structure.
  • All parts of the tank are of the same material, which may be any suitable metal (including an alloy) not subject to cold emi V brittlement at the temperature of liquefied gas.
  • the insulation 4 j represents any known insulationscheme 'for such tanks 3 although such insulation will, in most cases constitute a secondary barrier as known per se.
  • the tank itself is made up of fmetal sandwich panels, whichare preferably extended and which may be of any suitable type; having inner side walls, as shown at 6, a top wall as shown at 7, and a bottom inner wall as shown at 8.lnner walls 6 are connected to outer walls 9 by internal metal bracing 11, shown as a series of horizontal and vertical members criss-crossing'to form a series of internal" cells between the walls 6 and 9. Although the cells are shown as rectangular for simplicity,it is also-.well known to u se'hexagonal cells as shown in the U.S. Pat.* No. 3,150,793. ln ac-..
  • cordance'with the present in'ventiomthe cells of walls 6 are Iv perforated as indicated at'l2 in FIGS. 1 and 3.
  • the wall 8 is imper'forate and made liquid-tight but its opposite wall 13 is perforated similar to wall 6.
  • the tank may be provided with a number of additional horizontal and/or vertical stiffene rs (not shown) internally of the inner wall of the tank.
  • a self-supporting rigid metal cargo tank for cryogenic fluids such a liquefied gas,said tank having side walls and top and bottom walls;
  • said walls being in the form of sandwich panels consisting of two metal sheets with internal sheet metal bracing interconnecting said sheets and forming cells to provide a light, strong and rigid panel structure;
  • one of said two sheets being perforated to provide access to each of said cells; the other of said two sheets being fluid-tight;
  • the invention portion being on the inside at the top wall of the tank.
  • the fluid-tight sheet I portion being ori the inside of the tank for a short distance up

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US742595A 1968-07-05 1968-07-05 Self-supporting cargo tank with partially perforated sandwich panels Expired - Lifetime US3536226A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US74259568A 1968-07-05 1968-07-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3536226A true US3536226A (en) 1970-10-27

Family

ID=24985454

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US742595A Expired - Lifetime US3536226A (en) 1968-07-05 1968-07-05 Self-supporting cargo tank with partially perforated sandwich panels

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3536226A (nl)
JP (1) JPS4941048B1 (nl)
DE (1) DE1932255A1 (nl)
ES (1) ES369147A1 (nl)
FR (1) FR2014515A1 (nl)
GB (1) GB1199896A (nl)
NL (1) NL6908697A (nl)
NO (1) NO122376B (nl)
SE (2) SE349647B (nl)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3675809A (en) * 1970-06-09 1972-07-11 Martin Marietta Corp Capillary insulation
US3875886A (en) * 1972-04-28 1975-04-08 Gen Dynamics Corp Liquified-gas ship
US3882809A (en) * 1973-11-30 1975-05-13 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Storage vessel for ship transport of liquefied gas
US3882591A (en) * 1972-03-27 1975-05-13 Bridgestone Liquefied Gas Co Method of constructing a low temperature liquefied gas tank of a membrane type
US4964530A (en) * 1988-01-21 1990-10-23 Graaff Kommanditgesellschaft Bottom panel for containers
US5513474A (en) * 1991-10-29 1996-05-07 Steuler-Industriewerke Gmbh Double-walled formwork element and process for manufacturing it

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2936420C2 (de) * 1979-09-08 1982-10-28 Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG, 8000 München Doppelwandiger Behälter für tiefkalte Flüssigkeiten,z.B. Flüssiggas
JPS60100466U (ja) * 1983-12-10 1985-07-09 草竹　杉晃 地中埋設弁室用ブロツク
JP6720901B2 (ja) 2017-03-14 2020-07-08 オムロン株式会社 トリガースイッチ

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3675809A (en) * 1970-06-09 1972-07-11 Martin Marietta Corp Capillary insulation
US3882591A (en) * 1972-03-27 1975-05-13 Bridgestone Liquefied Gas Co Method of constructing a low temperature liquefied gas tank of a membrane type
US3875886A (en) * 1972-04-28 1975-04-08 Gen Dynamics Corp Liquified-gas ship
US3882809A (en) * 1973-11-30 1975-05-13 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Storage vessel for ship transport of liquefied gas
US4964530A (en) * 1988-01-21 1990-10-23 Graaff Kommanditgesellschaft Bottom panel for containers
US5513474A (en) * 1991-10-29 1996-05-07 Steuler-Industriewerke Gmbh Double-walled formwork element and process for manufacturing it

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE349647B (nl) 1972-10-02
GB1199896A (en) 1970-07-22
DE1932255A1 (de) 1970-01-29
ES369147A1 (es) 1971-06-16
JPS4941048B1 (nl) 1974-11-07
NO122376B (nl) 1971-06-21
NL6908697A (nl) 1970-01-07
SE356478B (nl) 1973-05-28
FR2014515A1 (nl) 1970-04-17

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