US3536073A - Catheter placement apparatus - Google Patents

Catheter placement apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3536073A
US3536073A US737902A US3536073DA US3536073A US 3536073 A US3536073 A US 3536073A US 737902 A US737902 A US 737902A US 3536073D A US3536073D A US 3536073DA US 3536073 A US3536073 A US 3536073A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
guard
housing
catheter
cannula
incising
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US737902A
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English (en)
Inventor
Richard B Farb
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baxter International Inc
Original Assignee
Baxter Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baxter Laboratories Inc filed Critical Baxter Laboratories Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3536073A publication Critical patent/US3536073A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/0105—Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
    • A61M25/0111—Aseptic insertion devices

Definitions

  • a guard for covering the incising end of a withdrawn vessel breaching cannula used in catheter placement is extendable to a protective position in which it can be irreversibly locked by rotation relative a housing about said cannula and from which said guard is projectable.
  • the present invention relates to catheter placement. Particularly the invention relates to disposable apparatus including an instrument for breaching the wall of an organ and enabling catheter placement within the lumen of the organ.
  • the breaching instrument is an elongated tubular member or cannula having an axial bore which provides a path for guiding a catheter into the lumen of an organ.
  • the cannula is fashioned with an incising forward end section for cutting the wall of an organ for obtaining access to its lumen.
  • placement apparatus defined by a hollow tissue breaching member having an elongated hollow body for guiding a catheter into the lumen of an organ and an incising end section for penetrating the wall of the organ to obtain access to its lumen is characterized by a housing.
  • the housing projects from an end portion of said member which is distal to the incising end section and terminates short thereof.
  • a tubular guard is arranged for movement in the housing axially of the body between a first position in which the incising end section is exposed and a second position in which the incising end section is covered.
  • means associated with the housing are adapted for irreversibly securing the guard in said second position.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational view of apparatus according to the present invention and showing an organ breaching member with its incising end in tissue penetrating aspect, parts broken away for illustration;
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a guard comprising said apparatus partially in elevation and extended into covering condition and in a locked angular aspect (being 90 from the angular aspect thereof shown in FIG. 1);
  • FIG. 3 is an elevational view of said guard disposed at angular aspect illustrated in FIG. 1, parts broken away for illustration;
  • FIG. 4 is an end view according to the line 4-4 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view according to the line 6-6 of FIG. 2, however the angular aspect of said guard being as in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a view according to the line 6-6 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 7 is an end view of said guard according to the line 7-7 of FIG. 3.
  • catheter placement apparatus generally designated 10 and comprised of a tubular, preferably rigid, penetrating member or cannula 12 which may be fashioned like a hypodermic syringe needle.
  • Member 12 has an elongated tric association with the cannula.
  • the housing has an outer or rear end portion 22 which is rigidly secured to hub 16 from which the cannula 12 projects through a forward housing opening 28, which opening is located short of incising end section 14. By reason thereof end section 14 projects forwardly from said housing thereby enabling breach of the wall of an organ.
  • Cannula 12 is adapted as a guide for a flexible catheter 18 which can be threaded through hollow 15 into the lumen of an organ while cannula penetrated. Once catheter 18 has been placed the utility of cannula I2 ceases and its removal is indicated to minimize tissue damage from this rigid member. Therefore, the cannula conventionally will be withdrawn from the organ, moving it axially of the catheter which remains in place. Unfortunately, it may be impractical to remove the cannula from the catheter because the latter may be connected at its organ distal end to a large container (not shown) for fluid administration.
  • a guard 24 in the form of a sleeve of generally cylindrical configuration is disposed in the chamber 26 defined by housing 20 about and in concentric association with cannula 12. Said guard is arranged for movement within chamber 26 and axially of cannula 12 through opening 28 between a first position (FIG. I) in which incising end section 14 is exposed and a second position (FIG. 2) in which the incising end section is covered.
  • Guard 24 has a reduced forward end portion 32 (FIG. 3) which normally projects forward from housing 20 when said guard is in its first position. It also has a medial portion 34 of enlarged radial dimension which extends axially for a substantial length of chamber 26 when said guard is in its first position. A head or abutment section 36 defines the rear end portion of said guard. An integral locking section 38, disposed between abutment section 36 and the medial portion 34, comprises locking means for permanently locking said housing to said guard in a manner which will hereinafter become more fully apparent.
  • a pair of diametrically spaced dogs 30 which are fashioned integrally within housing 20 at its forward end project into opening28. Dogs 30 comprise means associated with housing 20 for irreversibly securing guard 24 when in its second position to said housing. While guard 24 is in its first position, dogs 30 are slidably engaged in a pair of diameterically opposed axially extending guide slots 42 formed in the medial portion 34 of the guard to enable extension of said guard from its first position to its second position. Extension of guard 24 from housing 20 is limited and separation of those parts is accordingly prevented by head or abutment section 36 which is fashioned for engagement with dogs 30 with housing 20 when th guard is in its second position. In the latter position dogs 30 are engaged with a pair of flat surfaces 44 fashioned on locking section 38. While dogs 30 are engaged in slots 42 relative rotation of the housing and guards also is prevented.
  • each slot 42 terminates at the locking section.
  • the base of each slot is coextensive with one of the flat surfaces 44.
  • Each is formed by removing an extension of a corresponding slot 42 while retaining the extension 46 (FIGS. 5 and 6) of wall 50 of such slot. Accordingly, rotary motion of the guard 24 clockwise with respect to FIG. 5 is prevented by extensions 46, whereas, such motion is enabled in an opposite angular direction.
  • each flat surface 44 opposite its adjacent extension 46 the locking section has an arcuate surface 52 which is proportioned to enable passage thereover of a corresponding dog 30 as the guard is rotated from its first angular aspect (FIGS. 1 and 5) to its'second angular aspect (FIGS. 2 and 6).
  • a snap groove 54 fashioned in locking section 28 at the downstream end of each arcuate surface is proportioned for permanent snap-in reception of a corresponding of dogs 30 upon counterclockwise rotation of the guard from its first angular aspect to its second angular aspect. Thereby, guard 24 will be permanently locked in its second position.
  • catheter placing assembly 10 initially is disposed as illustrated in FIG. 1. Thereafter, following breaching of the wall of an organ by cannula l2 and while the latter remains in breaching condition, catheter 18 is placed through hollow into the lumen of such organ. Then the cannula is removed from the organ axially of the catheter, and guard 24, which thereto had been for the most part disposed in housing 20 as in FIG. 1 is manually projected to its second position. During such projection relative angular movement of the housing 20 and guard 24 is prevented by engagement of dogs 30 in slots 42. However, this restraint terminates when the guard first reaches its second position at which time the guard will be in its first angular aspect. By then applying adequate manual torque to the guard counterclockwise with respect to FIG. 5, it will be moved to its second angular aspect and then permanently locked condition. lf placement apparatus 10 is intended to be disposable, there is no requirement for an unlocking facility.
  • ln catheter placement apparatus including a hollow vessel penetrating member with an elongated hollow body for guiding a catheter, said member having an incising end for penetration of an organ to obtain access to a lumen therein and an opposed end portion distal said incising end, the combination comprising:
  • a housing disposed about and afiixed to said penetrating member and projecting toward but terminating short of said incising end; said housing and hollow penetrating member being unattached to and longitudinally movable along a catheter disposed through said elongated hollow body of the penetrating member;
  • a tubular guard arranged for movement in said housing axially of said body between a first position in which the incising end is exposed and a second position in which said incising end is covered;
  • Means for securing said guard in said second position are provided.
  • said securing means comprises a dog carried from said housing and a snap-in groove defined by said guard for engaging said dog to permanently lock said guard, said means permitting rotary movement of the guard in said housing including an arcuate surface defined on said guard to permit passage thereover of said dog as the guard is rotated into said permanently locked sition.
  • said securing means is of compressible fabrication and is actuated by moving said guard from its first to its second position, said positions being longitudinally spaced from each other, and thereafter rotating said guard.
  • said housing has an incising-end-proximate portion concentric with said vessel penetrating member from which said vessel penetrating member projects outwardly
  • said securing means comprising a pair of diametrically spaced dogs extending from said incisingend-proximate portion and a pair of diametrically spaced snap-in grooves defined by said guard for cooperating with said dogs to irreversibly secure said guard in the second position upon rotation thereof, said first and second positions being spaced axially and said guard being movable axially therebetween, a pair of diametrically opposed, axially extending guide slots arranged for cooperation with said dogs to prevent guard rotation relative said housing except when said guard is disposed in the second position, said snap-in grooves being defined by a locking section of said guard which is fabricated of compressible material, said dogs being also fabricated of compressible material.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
US737902A 1968-06-18 1968-06-18 Catheter placement apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3536073A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US73790268A 1968-06-18 1968-06-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3536073A true US3536073A (en) 1970-10-27

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ID=24965756

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US737902A Expired - Lifetime US3536073A (en) 1968-06-18 1968-06-18 Catheter placement apparatus

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3536073A (fr)
BE (1) BE733686A (fr)
DE (1) DE1930698A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2011131A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1250931A (fr)

Cited By (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3662754A (en) * 1970-05-04 1972-05-16 William X Halloran Injection apparatus
US3703174A (en) * 1970-07-14 1972-11-21 Medidyne Corp Method and apparatus for catheter injection
US3844292A (en) * 1972-06-09 1974-10-29 Medtronic Inc Intravascular lead assembly
US4417887A (en) * 1981-10-30 1983-11-29 Fuji Terumo Co., Ltd. Connector for catheter
US4643200A (en) * 1986-03-27 1987-02-17 Jennings Jr Baldwin P Safety blood donor apparatus
US4676783A (en) * 1985-09-03 1987-06-30 The University Of Virginia Alumni Patents Foundation Retractable safety needle
US4762516A (en) * 1987-03-05 1988-08-09 Luther Medical Products, Inc. Assembly of needle catheter protector
WO1988007387A1 (fr) * 1987-03-27 1988-10-06 The University Of Virginia Alumni Patents Foundati Aiguille de securite retractable
US4832696A (en) * 1987-03-05 1989-05-23 Luther Medical Products, Inc. Assembly of needle and protector
US4846805A (en) * 1987-12-04 1989-07-11 Icu Medical, Inc. Catheter insert device
US4846811A (en) * 1987-01-29 1989-07-11 International Medical Innovators, Inc. Sliding sheath for medical needles
US4944728A (en) * 1988-10-17 1990-07-31 Safe Medical Devices, Inc. Intravenous catheter placement device
US4950252A (en) * 1987-11-02 1990-08-21 Luther Medical Products, Inc. Single hand actuated locking safety catheter and method of use
US4952207A (en) * 1988-07-11 1990-08-28 Critikon, Inc. I.V. catheter with self-locating needle guard
US4964854A (en) * 1989-01-23 1990-10-23 Luther Medical Products, Inc. Intravascular catheter assembly incorporating needle tip shielding cap
WO1991001769A1 (fr) * 1989-07-31 1991-02-21 Stubbersfield, Beryl, Grace Ensembles d'administration de sang/solutions et leurs composants
US5084030A (en) * 1985-07-29 1992-01-28 National Research Development Corporation Safety device for hypodermic needle or the like
US5154699A (en) * 1988-03-01 1992-10-13 Ryan Medical, Inc. Safety winged needle device for use with fistulas
USRE34416E (en) * 1988-07-11 1993-10-19 Critikon, Inc. I.V. catheter with self-locating needle guard
US5279590A (en) * 1992-08-21 1994-01-18 Gesco International, Inc. Catheter placement apparatus
US5403283A (en) * 1993-10-28 1995-04-04 Luther Medical Products, Inc. Percutaneous port catheter assembly and method of use
US5456668A (en) * 1994-01-14 1995-10-10 F. H. Faulding & Co. Limited Retractable venipuncture catheter needle and receptacle
US5462533A (en) * 1993-07-23 1995-10-31 Becton, Dickinson And Company Self contained needle and shield
US5536257A (en) * 1986-07-23 1996-07-16 British Technology Group Ltd. Safety device for hypodermic needle or the like
US5549572A (en) * 1985-07-29 1996-08-27 British Technology Group, Ltd. Safety device for hypodermic needle or the like
US5591133A (en) * 1994-06-09 1997-01-07 Lawrence R. Koh Flexing safety shield for hypodermic needles
US5601535A (en) * 1985-07-29 1997-02-11 British Technology Group Ltd. Safety device for hypodermic needle or the like
US5683370A (en) * 1996-06-06 1997-11-04 Luther Medical Products, Inc. Hard tip over-the-needle catheter and method of manufacturing the same
US5743882A (en) * 1996-03-08 1998-04-28 Luther Medical Products, Inc. Needle blunting assembly for use with intravascular introducers
US5817060A (en) * 1996-03-08 1998-10-06 Luther Medical Products, Inc. Unidirectional blunting apparatus for hypodermic needles
US5873864A (en) * 1995-12-18 1999-02-23 Luther Medical Products, Inc. Catheter with beveled needle tip
US5951520A (en) * 1996-12-19 1999-09-14 Bio-Plexus, Inc. Self-blunting needle medical devices and methods of manufacture thereof
USRE36447E (en) * 1985-07-29 1999-12-14 Btg International Limited Safety device for hypodermic needle or the like
US20030093140A1 (en) * 1987-12-08 2003-05-15 W. Henry Wall Method of implanting a sleeve in a lumen
US7118552B2 (en) 2000-02-18 2006-10-10 Astrazeneca Ab Automatically operable safety shield system for syringes
US20070060889A1 (en) * 2005-09-14 2007-03-15 Adams Mark L Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy access needle
US9180276B2 (en) 2010-03-26 2015-11-10 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Method involving use of an assembled indwelling assembly
US10335578B2 (en) 2015-05-15 2019-07-02 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Catheter assembly
US11351343B2 (en) 2017-06-02 2022-06-07 Innovital, Llc Intravenous access assist device with safety feature

Cited By (64)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3662754A (en) * 1970-05-04 1972-05-16 William X Halloran Injection apparatus
US3703174A (en) * 1970-07-14 1972-11-21 Medidyne Corp Method and apparatus for catheter injection
US3844292A (en) * 1972-06-09 1974-10-29 Medtronic Inc Intravascular lead assembly
US4417887A (en) * 1981-10-30 1983-11-29 Fuji Terumo Co., Ltd. Connector for catheter
USRE36447E (en) * 1985-07-29 1999-12-14 Btg International Limited Safety device for hypodermic needle or the like
US5084030A (en) * 1985-07-29 1992-01-28 National Research Development Corporation Safety device for hypodermic needle or the like
USRE36398E (en) * 1985-07-29 1999-11-16 Btg International Limited Safety device for hypodermic needle or the like
US5601535A (en) * 1985-07-29 1997-02-11 British Technology Group Ltd. Safety device for hypodermic needle or the like
US5549572A (en) * 1985-07-29 1996-08-27 British Technology Group, Ltd. Safety device for hypodermic needle or the like
US4676783A (en) * 1985-09-03 1987-06-30 The University Of Virginia Alumni Patents Foundation Retractable safety needle
US4781692A (en) * 1985-09-03 1988-11-01 The University Of Virginia Alumni Patents Foundation Retractable safety needles
US4643200A (en) * 1986-03-27 1987-02-17 Jennings Jr Baldwin P Safety blood donor apparatus
US5536257A (en) * 1986-07-23 1996-07-16 British Technology Group Ltd. Safety device for hypodermic needle or the like
US4846811A (en) * 1987-01-29 1989-07-11 International Medical Innovators, Inc. Sliding sheath for medical needles
US4832696A (en) * 1987-03-05 1989-05-23 Luther Medical Products, Inc. Assembly of needle and protector
US4762516A (en) * 1987-03-05 1988-08-09 Luther Medical Products, Inc. Assembly of needle catheter protector
AU617662B2 (en) * 1987-03-05 1991-12-05 Medex, Inc. Assembly of needle and protector
WO1988007387A1 (fr) * 1987-03-27 1988-10-06 The University Of Virginia Alumni Patents Foundati Aiguille de securite retractable
US4950252A (en) * 1987-11-02 1990-08-21 Luther Medical Products, Inc. Single hand actuated locking safety catheter and method of use
US4846805A (en) * 1987-12-04 1989-07-11 Icu Medical, Inc. Catheter insert device
US20030093140A1 (en) * 1987-12-08 2003-05-15 W. Henry Wall Method of implanting a sleeve in a lumen
US6974475B1 (en) 1987-12-08 2005-12-13 Wall W Henry Angioplasty stent
US5154699A (en) * 1988-03-01 1992-10-13 Ryan Medical, Inc. Safety winged needle device for use with fistulas
AU619278B2 (en) * 1988-05-05 1992-01-23 Medex, Inc. Single hand actuated locking safety catheter and method of use
US4952207A (en) * 1988-07-11 1990-08-28 Critikon, Inc. I.V. catheter with self-locating needle guard
USRE34416E (en) * 1988-07-11 1993-10-19 Critikon, Inc. I.V. catheter with self-locating needle guard
AU611817B2 (en) * 1988-07-11 1991-06-20 Medex, Inc. I.v. catheter with self-locating needle guard
US4944728A (en) * 1988-10-17 1990-07-31 Safe Medical Devices, Inc. Intravenous catheter placement device
US4964854A (en) * 1989-01-23 1990-10-23 Luther Medical Products, Inc. Intravascular catheter assembly incorporating needle tip shielding cap
WO1991001769A1 (fr) * 1989-07-31 1991-02-21 Stubbersfield, Beryl, Grace Ensembles d'administration de sang/solutions et leurs composants
US5279590A (en) * 1992-08-21 1994-01-18 Gesco International, Inc. Catheter placement apparatus
US5462533A (en) * 1993-07-23 1995-10-31 Becton, Dickinson And Company Self contained needle and shield
US5403283A (en) * 1993-10-28 1995-04-04 Luther Medical Products, Inc. Percutaneous port catheter assembly and method of use
US5456668A (en) * 1994-01-14 1995-10-10 F. H. Faulding & Co. Limited Retractable venipuncture catheter needle and receptacle
US5591133A (en) * 1994-06-09 1997-01-07 Lawrence R. Koh Flexing safety shield for hypodermic needles
US5873864A (en) * 1995-12-18 1999-02-23 Luther Medical Products, Inc. Catheter with beveled needle tip
US5817060A (en) * 1996-03-08 1998-10-06 Luther Medical Products, Inc. Unidirectional blunting apparatus for hypodermic needles
US6106499A (en) * 1996-03-08 2000-08-22 Luther Medical Products, Inc. Unidirectional blunting apparatus for hypodermic needles
US5743882A (en) * 1996-03-08 1998-04-28 Luther Medical Products, Inc. Needle blunting assembly for use with intravascular introducers
US5957893A (en) * 1996-06-06 1999-09-28 Becton Dickinson & Co. Hard tip over-the needle catheter and method of manufacturing the same
US5916208A (en) * 1996-06-06 1999-06-29 Luther Medical Products, Inc. Hard tip over-the-needle catheter and method of manufacturing the same
US5913848A (en) * 1996-06-06 1999-06-22 Luther Medical Products, Inc. Hard tip over-the-needle catheter and method of manufacturing the same
US5683370A (en) * 1996-06-06 1997-11-04 Luther Medical Products, Inc. Hard tip over-the-needle catheter and method of manufacturing the same
US5951520A (en) * 1996-12-19 1999-09-14 Bio-Plexus, Inc. Self-blunting needle medical devices and methods of manufacture thereof
US6254574B1 (en) 1996-12-19 2001-07-03 Bio-Plexus, Inc. Self-blunting needle medical devices and methods of manufacture thereof
US7118552B2 (en) 2000-02-18 2006-10-10 Astrazeneca Ab Automatically operable safety shield system for syringes
US7500964B2 (en) 2000-02-18 2009-03-10 Astrazeneca Ab Automatically operable safety shield system for syringes
US20070060889A1 (en) * 2005-09-14 2007-03-15 Adams Mark L Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy access needle
US8021338B2 (en) 2005-09-14 2011-09-20 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy access needle
US9180276B2 (en) 2010-03-26 2015-11-10 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Method involving use of an assembled indwelling assembly
US10188790B2 (en) 2010-03-26 2019-01-29 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Indwelling assembly
US9265915B2 (en) 2010-03-26 2016-02-23 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of indwelling a needle assembly
US9352128B2 (en) 2010-03-26 2016-05-31 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Indwelling assembly
US9511207B2 (en) 2010-03-26 2016-12-06 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Method involving use of an assembled indwelling assembly
US9561325B2 (en) 2010-03-26 2017-02-07 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Indwelling assembly
US9700671B2 (en) 2010-03-26 2017-07-11 Terum Kabushiki Kaisha Indwelling assembly
US9186483B2 (en) 2010-03-26 2015-11-17 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Indwelling assembly
US11779700B2 (en) 2010-03-26 2023-10-10 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Indwelling assembly
US10383997B2 (en) 2010-03-26 2019-08-20 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Indwelling assembly
US11229742B2 (en) 2010-03-26 2022-01-25 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Indwelling assembly
US11110254B2 (en) 2015-05-15 2021-09-07 Terumo Kabushtkt Kaisha Catheter assembly
US10335578B2 (en) 2015-05-15 2019-07-02 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Catheter assembly
US11944764B2 (en) 2015-05-15 2024-04-02 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Catheter assembly
US11351343B2 (en) 2017-06-02 2022-06-07 Innovital, Llc Intravenous access assist device with safety feature

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE733686A (fr) 1969-11-03
FR2011131A1 (fr) 1970-02-27
GB1250931A (fr) 1971-10-27
DE1930698A1 (de) 1970-01-08

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