US3526535A - Method for producing surface coatings - Google Patents

Method for producing surface coatings Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3526535A
US3526535A US655785A US3526535DA US3526535A US 3526535 A US3526535 A US 3526535A US 655785 A US655785 A US 655785A US 3526535D A US3526535D A US 3526535DA US 3526535 A US3526535 A US 3526535A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
liquid
dispenser
coating
orifice
sheet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US655785A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Emile Plumat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AGC Glass Europe SA
Original Assignee
Glaverbel Belgium SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Glaverbel Belgium SA filed Critical Glaverbel Belgium SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3526535A publication Critical patent/US3526535A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/74—Applying photosensitive compositions to the base; Drying processes therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/911—Cooling
    • B29C48/9135—Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1646—Characteristics of the product obtained
    • C23C18/165—Multilayered product
    • C23C18/1651—Two or more layers only obtained by electroless plating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1655—Process features
    • C23C18/1664—Process features with additional means during the plating process
    • C23C18/1669—Agitation, e.g. air introduction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1675—Process conditions
    • C23C18/1683—Control of electrolyte composition, e.g. measurement, adjustment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/46—Pouring or allowing the fluid to flow in a continuous stream on to the surface, the entire stream being carried away by the paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
    • D21H5/0005—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to finished paper or board, e.g. impregnating, coating
    • D21H5/0042—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to finished paper or board, e.g. impregnating, coating by pouring or allowing to flow in a continuous stream onto the surface, the entire stream being carried away by the paper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1619—Apparatus for electroless plating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S118/00—Coating apparatus
    • Y10S118/02—Bead coater

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for applying liquids to surfaces, and particularly for applying liquid in the form of a film.
  • the present invention relates to such continuous flow coating.
  • the known coating methods in this field include bead-coating and extrusion coating.
  • bead-coating a bead of the coating composition is produced, or struck, between the dispenser orifice and the surface to be coated and is maintained by surface tesion. Liquid is continuously withdrawn from the bead by the travelling surface and the bead is continuously replenished from the dispenser.
  • FIGS. 1 and 1a of the accompanying drawings show the situation after a bead B of the liquid has been permitted to form between a sheet S to be coated and the mouth M of the dispenser.
  • FIG. 1a shows the situation created after the sheet S has commenced to move in the direction of the arrow so that a coating, or film, C of the liquid has commenced to form on the sheet.
  • the bead-coating technique involves, as a necessary condition, an appropriate relationship between, on the one hand, the interfacial tension between the surface to be coated and the liquid, and, on the other hand, the surface tension of the liquid and can not be used for applying liquids to surfaces which will not be wetted by the liquids.
  • Another important point in bead-coating is the fact that the accuracy and finish of the surfaces defining the dispenser mouth M are critical for the quality of the coating. If there are imperfections in the dispenser month, they are likely to make it impossible to form a truly uniform coating free of defects.
  • extrusion or casing
  • extrusion is normally used in relation to the application of plastics or other easily solidifiable compositions.
  • the nature of the liquid is not of primary importance and the word casting is used generically to denote the dispensing of liquid as a free-flowing film, regardless of the nature of the liquid.
  • the casting method is diagrammatically represented in FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings.
  • the liquid leaves the slot of the dispenser mouth M as a film, or ribbon, F and becomes deposited as such on the surface of the sheet S to be coated as the latter moves past the dispenser in the direction of the arrow.
  • the thickness of the coating C formed on the sheet depends on the width of the discharge slot. It is rather difficult, when applying the casting technique in the known way, to form very thin coatings of uniform quality over large surfaces as, for example, is necessary in the mass production of coated glass wherein the thickness of the coatings is critical for achieving predetermined optical effects.
  • Another object is to improve the coating of article surfaces with thin films.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved casting technique for producing thin films of uniform quality.
  • the method is carried out by producing a relative movement between the work surface and the orifice in a direction normal to the spacing therebetween for coating the surface with a layer of the liquid, and by giving the liquid flowing from the orifice a volume flow rate which is so related to the rate of relative movement between the work surface and the orifice that, at the point where the liquid descending from the orifice contacts the work surface, the liquid swells out in the direction of movement of the orifice relative to the work surface.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic, cross-sectional, elevational view illustrating the starting conditions for one coating process according to the prior art.
  • FIG. 1a is a view similar to that of FIG. 1 illustrating the carrying out of such a prior art process.
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1a for another prior art coating process.
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1a for the process according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1a for another form of the process according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an elevational, cross-sectional view, taken along the line 55 of FIG. 6, of one type of apparatus for carrying out the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 66 Of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 is an elevational, cross-sectional view, taken along the line 7-7 of FIG. 8, of another embodiment of apparatus for carrying out the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 88 of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 is an elevational, cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of such apparatus.
  • FIG. 10 is a view similar to that of FIG. 9 of yet another embodiment of such apparatus.
  • FIGS. 1, la and 2 relate to prior art processes and have been described in detail above.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown a liquid flow configuration producing a wedge W of liquid which contains liquid in excess of that required for coating that part of the surface which, at the instant considered, is immediately below the orifice in dispenser mouth M.
  • the liquid head should have this shape when the surface to be coated is of a type which will be wetted by the liquid.
  • the corresponding head should take the form shown in FIG. 4 if the surface is not wetted by the liquid. However, even in this case there is a slight excess of liquid since the descending film F of liquid, at the bottom of its descending path, swells under the lefthand lip of the discharge orifice.
  • bead is not used, in connection with the present invention, in the same sense as in the bead-coating method hereinbefore referred to since in the method according to the invention the liquid bridge between the surface to be coated and the discharge orifice is not inherently maintained due to surface tension. On the contrary, if, in the practice of the present invention, the downward movement of liquid through the discharge slot were interrupted then the liquid bridge would instantly collapse.
  • the descent of the liquid from the discharge orifice is preferably a free descent wholly or partly under the influence of gravity. It is preferred that the liquid be allowed to descend freely under the influence of gravity from a reservoir in which the liquid level is maintained constant. Depending on the width of the discharge slot and the surface tension of the liquid, it may be necessary that the pressure above the liquid level be above atmospheric pressure in order to sustain the discharge of liquid.
  • the free fall height must be limited so that a steady state, or socalled dynamic equilibrium, is maintained. This will help to assure that there will be no splash or turbulence.
  • the liquid descent may be controlled by one or more guide elements extending downwardly from the dispenser, e.g., a piece of fabric.
  • the present invention accordingly involves a method of applying liquid onto a surface wherein the liquid is caused to flow from a dispenser steadily downwardly as a film, without splash or turbulence, onto the surface to be coated, while this surface and the dispenser are displaced relative to one another so that the surface becomes progressively coated with a layer of the liquid, the volume rate of descent of the liquid in relation to the rate of the relative displacement being such that at the bottom of the descent path of the flow the liquid swells out over the surface to be coated to form a bead 'which extends in the direction in which the coating progresses, i.e., in the direction of the relative movement of the dispenser with respect to the surface.
  • the volume rate of descent of the liquid and the rate of relative displacement of the surface to be coated and the dispenser can be set for any given liquid so as to achieve the desired result.
  • the method can be employed for coating a surface with a liquid which does not wet the surface, as was described above with reference to FIG. 4. Any kind of liquid dispensing means may be used. If a dispenser with a solt-like discharge opening is used, the physical condition of the surfaces forming the orifice of the dispenser is not nearly as critical as in a classic bead-coater.
  • the dispenser can be initially placed sufliciently close to the work surface for a stable meniscus or head to be struck between the orifice and the surface and then, after striking such head, the spacing between the orifice and surface can be increased to a point just beyond that at which the bead is self-maintaining under the influence of surface tension eflects.
  • the bead instead of striking the bead on the work surface to be coated, it may be struck on an auxiliary surface which is both flush and contiguous with the work surface, and coating can then commence as if the auxiliary surface were part of the work surface. In this way, any imperfections in the coating at the starting zone will not spoil the work and a high quality coating can be formed along the whole length of the work.
  • the invention is primarily intended for forming coatings of uniform thickness, but a coating which varies in thickness in some predetermined manner can be formed by varying one of the factors which influences the coating thickness, e.g., the volume rate of descent of the liquid, provided the relationship between the volume rate of descent of the liquid and the speed of relative. displacement between the surface to be coated and the dispenser is still such that an excess of liquid is maintained at the point of application of the liquid to the surface.
  • the factors which influences the coating thickness e.g., the volume rate of descent of the liquid, provided the relationship between the volume rate of descent of the liquid and the speed of relative. displacement between the surface to be coated and the dispenser is still such that an excess of liquid is maintained at the point of application of the liquid to the surface.
  • the method can be utilized for applying any liquid substance, e.g., an enamel or a solution of a hydrolyzable metallic salt.
  • the liquid can contain dispersed solid particles or it may be a mixture of immiscible liquids, e.g., an emulsion.
  • the method has been developed primarily for coating glass but it can also be used for coating other materials, e.g., metal, plastics or ceramics.
  • Liquid may be applied according to the invention to form each of two or more successive layers on a surface.
  • a second or subsequent layer can be applied onto a preceding layer before this has dried and the successively applied quantities of liquid can contain ingredients which react to form a compound which it is required to deposit on the surface.
  • FIGS. 5 to 10 of the accompanying drawings illustrating various forms of apparatus for carrying out the invention.
  • the apparatus shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 includes a stationary, curved support 1 for supporting a similarly curved sheet S of glass or other material having a work surface to be coated.
  • a fixed end strip 2 presenting an auxiliary surface is provided on the support 1 so that when the sheet S to be coated is in position its upper, work surface is flush and contiguous with the upper, auxiliary surface of the strip 2.
  • a pair of curved guide rails 3 and 3a which support a dispenser 4 in the form of a trough on which end rollers 5 and 5a are rotatably mounted so as to run on the rails 3 and 3a, respectively.
  • Liquid is supplied to the trough from a reservoir 6 via a down pipe 7 and a discharge pipe 8 extending longitudinally of the trough and provided with a series of liquid discharge orifices.
  • the trough and the reservoir, with its liquid delivery pipes, are connected together by means (not shown) and are displaceable as a unit along the rails 3 and 3a by a suitable drive mechanism (not shown).
  • the reservoir has a gas inlet opening 6a which, in use, communicates with the atmosphere or with a source of gas under a suitable pressure.
  • a control valve 9 in the down pipe 7 controls the flow of liquid to the dispenser trough to maintain the level of liquid therein constant during coating of the sheet S.
  • the dispenser Prior to the commencement of the coating operation the dispenser is located at the left-hand end of the rails 3 and 3a, with regard to the view of FIG. 5. At this point the rails 3 and 3a are angled downwardly so that the distance between them and the strip 3 is such that the discharge slot 10 at the bottom of the trough 4 touches the strip. Then, the trough is driven in the direction of arrow A. As the dispenser leaves its starting point it rises slightly due to the upward sloping of the rails 3 and 3a so that liquid begins to flow from the orifice 10 onto the surface beneath.
  • FIG. shows the dispenser about half way along this path. At each instant there is an excess quantum of coating liquid at the point of application to the work surface so that the liquid at the bottom of the descent path from the discharge slot swells out over the work surface in the direction in which the coating is progressing, as was shown in FIG. 3. A liquid coating C of uniform thickness is thereby formed on the sheet S.
  • the apparatus shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is designed for coating sheets S while they are moved relative to the coating apparatus.
  • a sheet conveyor composed of fixed side supports 11 between which a series of conveying rollers 12 are mounted.
  • the dispenser for the coating liquid includes a trough 13 having a slot-like bottom discharge orifice and mounted in a conditioning chamber 14 having pipes 15 and 15a for the admission of a suitable gas. Liquid is fed to the trough from a reservoir 16 via a down pipe 17 fitted with a control valve 18.
  • the trough is supported within the conditioning chamber 14 by rods 19 and 1911 which extend outwardly through slots 20 and 20a, respectively, in the end walls of the chamber and upwardly through the top wall of the chamber.
  • the upper free end portions of the rods are screw threaded and carry nuts 21 and 21a, respectively, by adjustment of which the height of the dispenser trough can be accurately preset.
  • a drying chamber 22 Downstream of the conditioning chamber 14 is a drying chamber 22 having pipes 23 and 23a for the admission of a suitable gas for drying the liquid coating which forms on the sheet as the latter is conveyed beneath the dispenser 13 in the direction of arrow A.
  • the chamber 14 can be maintained filled with an inert gas. This is an important step when, for example, the liquid being applied is a solution of a hydrolyzable salt of a metal which is to be caused to deposit from the liquid layer onto the surface of sheet S by some subsequent treatment.
  • the apparatus shown in FIG. 9 includes a dispenser trough 24 to which liquid is supplied from a reservoir 25 via a down pipe 26 fitted with a valve 27.
  • This reservoir is fitted with horizontal blades 28 and 28a which define the slot-like discharge orifice through which the liquid flows onto the sheet S to be coated.
  • Screw threaded pins 29 extend from the blades to the outside 6 of the trough and are fitted with nuts 30 by which the spacing of the blades can be adjusted.
  • the sheet S is conveyed beneath the dispenser in the direction of arrow A by a roller conveyor 31.
  • a liquid composition is to be appl ed which can form a static bead, or meniscus, between the sheet and the discharge mouth of the dispenser when the latter is sufficiently close to the surface of the sheet, it is advantageous to form such a meniscus just prior to commencement of the coating operation and to then raise the dispenser trough so that the distance between the work surface of sheet S and the dispenser mount becomes just too large to be bridged by a head which can be maintained by surface tension effects.
  • the dispenser trough 24 is provided at each end with a cam 32 rotatably mounted on a stud fixed to the corresponding end of the trough.
  • the cams 32 at the opposite ends of the trough rest on horizontal tracks 33 fixed to the frame of the conveyor 31.
  • the dispenser trough occupies a position on the tracks 33 just a little to the right of the position which it occupies in FIG. 9. In other words, the small radius parts of the cams 32 are in contact with the tracks 33 and the mouth of the dispenser trough is nearer to the surface of the sheet S to be coated.
  • Liquid is supplied to the trough and a meniscus is struck between the dispenser mouth and the sheet. Then the dispenser trough is moved, either manually, or mechanically, along the tracks 33 to the left, with respect to the plane of FIG. 9, so that the larger radius parts of the cams 32 roll against the tracks 33 and lift the trough to the required higher level in order that coating can proceed by the method according to the invention. As the trough reaches its correct level for this coating operation the cams 32 come to abut against stops 34 fixed to the tracks 33 and the trough is thereby stably supported in its raised position.
  • the apparatus shown in FIG. 10 is useful for applying different liquid compositions as superimposed layers on a sheet S during its conveyance in the direction of arrow A by a conveyor composed of a series of driven rollers 35.
  • Liquid for forming the first, or bottom, layer is applied from a dispenser 36 to which the liquid is fed from a reservoir 37 via a down pipe 38 fitted with a valve 39.
  • a gas inlet pipe 40 fitted with a valve 41.
  • gas Prior to the commencement of the coating operation, gas can be admitted to the dispenser via this pipe to establish the requisite pressure therein for maintaining the rate of flow of liquid from the dispenser required for ensuring that the coating operation will proceed according to the invention.
  • the rate of flow of liquid into the dispenser is controlled so that the liquid level in the dispenser remains constant.
  • the sheet S provided with such a liquid coating C then passes beneath a conditioning chamber 42 having ports 43 for the passage of gas.
  • a conditioning chamber 42 having ports 43 for the passage of gas.
  • various physical and/or chemical treatments of the coating C can be performed, e.g., drying or oxidation.
  • a second liquid layer C is applied from a second dispenser 44'.
  • This dispenser is similar to dispenser 36 and is likewise fed from a reservoir via a down pipe fitted with a control valve.
  • the liquid flow from dispenser 44 occurs via two slots defined between the lower edges of the side walls of the dispenser and an intermediate bar 45 of triangular cross section.
  • This bar is supported by screw threaded rods 46 extending through the top of the dispenser and held by nuts 47 by means of which the height of the bar 45, and thus the width of the discharge slots, can be adjusted.
  • the fiow from the dispenser is regulated so that the liquid is applied by the method according to the invention to form the second coating C.
  • the coating operation according to the present invention can be further illustrated by the following specific examples of the dimensions employed for applying selected compositions to produce coatings of selected thicknesses.
  • Titanium Organic paint butylate (mixture of Regardless of whether the relationship between the material of the surface to be coated and the composition of the coating liquid is such that the liquid wets the surface, thus creating the condition illustrated in FIG. 3, or does not wet the surface, as illustrated in FIG. 4, it is only necessary, in order to achieve the novel results of the present invention, that the relation between the volume flow rate of liquid and that rate of displacement of the surface be such that, once the bead has been established, sufficient liquid is supplied to produce the desired coating thickness.
  • the bead according to the present invention helps to improve the quality' of the resulting coating and to facilitate control of the coating thickness.
  • this bead serves as a bridge between the coating being formed and the liquid leaving the dispenser orifice and thus assures a uniform flow of coating liquid and an absence of splash and turbulence.
  • the bead also acts, in a certain sense, as an intermediate liquid supply which receives liquid from the dispenser and delivers it to the work surface. Because the bead tends to maintain its shape, the amount of liquid which it delivers will be equal to the amount which it receives.
  • the thickness of the resulting coating can be varied over a substantial range by simply varying the volume flow rate of liquid from the dispenser, the presence of the bead assuring that such variation will not produce any turbulence.
  • the liquid flow rate can be varied by acting on the pressure above the liquid in the dispenser or in the reservoir, or by varying the width of the dispenser orifice.
  • the thickness of the resulting coating could also be altered by modifying the relative displacement speed between the work surface and the dispenser while maintaining the liquid flow rate constant.
  • a method of applying a liquid coating to a work surface by causing liquid to flow as a film downwardly from a dispenser orifice onto such surface in a splashand turbulence-free manner comprising the steps of: establishing, at the surface, a head of the coating liquid which swells out in a direction parallel to the surface; maintaining a spacing between the orifice and the work surface which is large enough to enable such bead to be maintained only as long as liquid flows from such dispenser; producing a relative movement between the work surface and the orifice in a direction normal to the spacing therebetween for coating the surface with a layer of the liquid; and dispensing the liquid from the orifice at a volume flow rate which is so related to the rate of relative movement between the work surface and the orifice that, at the point where the liquid descending from the orifice contacts the work surface, the liquid continues to swell out in the direction of movement of the orifice relative to the work surface.
  • step of establishing is carried out prior to the commencement of liquid fiow from the dispenser by: striking a liquid bead between the dispenser and the surface to be coated while the spacing between the orifice dispenser and the work surface is sufficiently small for this bead to be maintained by surface tension effects; and then increasing this spacing just until it becomes too large to be bridged by a bead maintained by solely surface tension effects.
  • a method as defined in claim 1 comprising the preliminary steps of: providing, as part of the work surface, an auxiliary surface flush with, and contiguous with, a main surface to be coated; commencing the flow of liquid from the orifice onto the auxiliary surface; and producing a relative movement of the auxiliary surface and the main surface as a unit with respect to the orifice in a direction which causes the main surface to be coated as if it were a continuation of the auxiliary surface.
  • dispenser is in the form of a container with at least one slotlike bottom discharge opening and wherein, during the coating operation the container is maintained filled with the liquid coating composition up to a constant level.
  • a method as defined in claim 4 comprising the further step of at least initially assisting the flow of liquid from the container by the admission of gas under pressure into the container above the liquid therein.
  • a method as defined in claim 1 wherein said step of producing a relative movement is carried out by displacing the dispenser while maintaining the surface to be coated stationary.
  • a method as defined in claim 1 wherein the surface to be coated is the surface of a flat object and said step of producing a relative movement is carried out by continuously moving the flat object while maintaining the dispenser stationary.
  • a method as defined in claim 1 wherein the surface onto which the liquid is applied is of a metal, plastic, or ceramic material.
  • a method as defined in claim 1 wherein the surface onto which the liquid is applied is constituted by the surface of a sheet.
  • a method as defined in claim 1 comprising the further steps of applying a subsequent coating by delivering a second liquid onto the first-mentioned coating by carrying out the steps defined in claim 1.
  • a method as defined in claim 1 further comprising the step of delivering coating liquid from a liquid reservoir to the dispenser in the form of a plurality of sprays.
  • a method as defined in claim 14 further comprising the step of maintaining the liquid in the reservoir under pressure.
  • a method as defined in claim 14 further comprising the step of maintaining the liquid in the dispenser under pressure.
  • a method as defined in claim 14 further comprising the step of drying the coating after it has been applied.
  • a method as defined in claim 14 further comprising the step of varying the width of the dispenser orifice.
  • a method as defined in claim 19 further comprising the steps of: providing, as part of the work surface, an auxiliary surface flush with, and contiguous with, a main surface to be coated; initially placing the dispenser adjacent the auxiliary surface and in contact therewith; and gradually moving the dispenser along the auxiliary surface toward the main surface and progressively in- UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,970,5 64 2/ 1961 Warner 1l8259 X 3,303,816 2/1967 Lauring. 3,341,354 9/1967 Woods et a1.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
US655785A 1966-08-01 1967-07-25 Method for producing surface coatings Expired - Lifetime US3526535A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU51679A LU51679A1 (de) 1966-08-01 1966-08-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3526535A true US3526535A (en) 1970-09-01

Family

ID=19724929

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US655785A Expired - Lifetime US3526535A (en) 1966-08-01 1967-07-25 Method for producing surface coatings

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US3526535A (de)
AT (1) AT298640B (de)
BE (1) BE700324A (de)
CH (1) CH477924A (de)
DE (1) DE1652329A1 (de)
DK (1) DK121796B (de)
GB (1) GB1191654A (de)
IL (1) IL28242A (de)
LU (1) LU51679A1 (de)
NL (1) NL6708964A (de)
NO (1) NO123747B (de)
SE (1) SE333530B (de)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3756196A (en) * 1968-08-22 1973-09-04 Asahi Glass Co Ltd Method of coating glass surfaces
US4086377A (en) * 1975-12-09 1978-04-25 Congoleum Corporation Process for applying foam material
US4128667A (en) * 1974-01-10 1978-12-05 Polaroid Corporation Manipulation of coating streams with air foils
US4463040A (en) * 1982-12-29 1984-07-31 Polaroid Corporation Coating-bead stabilization apparatus
US4518634A (en) * 1983-05-12 1985-05-21 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for coating magnetic recording media
US4753819A (en) * 1985-12-27 1988-06-28 Nordson Corporation Method for applying a moistureproof insulator coating on packaged circuit boards
US4907530A (en) * 1986-07-15 1990-03-13 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Apparatus for applying a liquid to a support
US4938994A (en) * 1987-11-23 1990-07-03 Epicor Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for patch coating printed circuit boards
EP0436893A1 (de) * 1990-01-09 1991-07-17 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum gleichmässigen Aufbringen eines Fluids auf eine bewegte Materialbahn
US5158806A (en) * 1989-05-10 1992-10-27 Neste Oy Method and apparatus for manufacturing fibre-reinforcing material
US5183508A (en) * 1987-11-23 1993-02-02 Epicor Technology, Inc. Apparatus for patch coating printed circuit boards
US5336575A (en) * 1992-11-03 1994-08-09 Zenith Electronics Corporation Method of producing CRT screens using meniscus coating
US5421887A (en) * 1993-09-20 1995-06-06 Guddal; Karl Method and apparatus for applying adhesive to sheet insulation
US5516545A (en) * 1991-03-26 1996-05-14 Sandock; Leonard R. Coating processes and apparatus
US5538754A (en) * 1991-03-26 1996-07-23 Shipley Company Inc. Process for applying fluid on discrete substrates
US5731044A (en) * 1995-06-19 1998-03-24 Kyowa Electric & Chemical Co., Ltd. Process and apparatus for coating display CRT tube for electronic device
US6125902A (en) * 1998-04-17 2000-10-03 Guddal; Karl Apparatus for applying an improved adhesive to sheet insulation having drainage channels
US6139639A (en) * 1994-12-28 2000-10-31 Toray Industries, Inc. Coating machine having a timer for continuously forming a coating of uniform thickness on a substrate
WO2008124944A1 (en) * 2007-04-17 2008-10-23 Nuclad Wall Systems Inc. Apparatus for cladding an insulation member, a composite cladded insulation member, and methods of forming and installing same
EP2572798A3 (de) * 2011-09-26 2017-12-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Beschichtungsvorrichtung

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2967497D1 (en) * 1978-05-08 1985-09-19 Auld D L Co Method for making decorative emblems
JPH05134488A (ja) * 1991-06-05 1993-05-28 Canon Inc プロセスカートリツジ及び前記プロセスカートリツジの組立て方法及び前記プロセスカートリツジを装着可能な画像形成装置
CN115318572A (zh) * 2021-05-11 2022-11-11 一汽-大众汽车有限公司 一种涂胶形状调控方法和设备

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2970564A (en) * 1955-12-23 1961-02-07 Champion Paper & Fibre Co Apparatus for coating paper
CA722582A (en) * 1965-11-30 Ulrich Steinemann Ag. Device for applying coatings to objects
US3303816A (en) * 1963-06-03 1967-02-14 Boise Cascade Corp Apparatus for curtain coating
US3341354A (en) * 1964-03-11 1967-09-12 Continental Oil Co Curtain coating method and apparatus for applying a non-uniform liquid coating material to sheet stock

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA722582A (en) * 1965-11-30 Ulrich Steinemann Ag. Device for applying coatings to objects
US2970564A (en) * 1955-12-23 1961-02-07 Champion Paper & Fibre Co Apparatus for coating paper
US3303816A (en) * 1963-06-03 1967-02-14 Boise Cascade Corp Apparatus for curtain coating
US3341354A (en) * 1964-03-11 1967-09-12 Continental Oil Co Curtain coating method and apparatus for applying a non-uniform liquid coating material to sheet stock

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3756196A (en) * 1968-08-22 1973-09-04 Asahi Glass Co Ltd Method of coating glass surfaces
US4128667A (en) * 1974-01-10 1978-12-05 Polaroid Corporation Manipulation of coating streams with air foils
US4086377A (en) * 1975-12-09 1978-04-25 Congoleum Corporation Process for applying foam material
US4089296A (en) * 1975-12-09 1978-05-16 Congoleum Corporation Apparatus for spreading foam material
US4463040A (en) * 1982-12-29 1984-07-31 Polaroid Corporation Coating-bead stabilization apparatus
US4518634A (en) * 1983-05-12 1985-05-21 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for coating magnetic recording media
US4753819A (en) * 1985-12-27 1988-06-28 Nordson Corporation Method for applying a moistureproof insulator coating on packaged circuit boards
EP0230782A3 (de) * 1985-12-27 1988-12-21 Nordson Corporation Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer feuchtigkeitsdichten isolierenden Schicht zum Überziehen paketierter Schaltkreise
US4880663A (en) * 1985-12-27 1989-11-14 Nordson Corporation Method for applying a moistureproof insulative coating to printed circuit boards using triangular or dovetail shaped liquid films emitted from a flat-pattern nozzle
US4907530A (en) * 1986-07-15 1990-03-13 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Apparatus for applying a liquid to a support
US4938994A (en) * 1987-11-23 1990-07-03 Epicor Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for patch coating printed circuit boards
US5183508A (en) * 1987-11-23 1993-02-02 Epicor Technology, Inc. Apparatus for patch coating printed circuit boards
US5158806A (en) * 1989-05-10 1992-10-27 Neste Oy Method and apparatus for manufacturing fibre-reinforcing material
US5264036A (en) * 1990-01-09 1993-11-23 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for applying a fluid under hydrostatic pressure to a moving web of material
EP0436893A1 (de) * 1990-01-09 1991-07-17 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum gleichmässigen Aufbringen eines Fluids auf eine bewegte Materialbahn
US5516545A (en) * 1991-03-26 1996-05-14 Sandock; Leonard R. Coating processes and apparatus
US5538754A (en) * 1991-03-26 1996-07-23 Shipley Company Inc. Process for applying fluid on discrete substrates
US5336575A (en) * 1992-11-03 1994-08-09 Zenith Electronics Corporation Method of producing CRT screens using meniscus coating
US5421887A (en) * 1993-09-20 1995-06-06 Guddal; Karl Method and apparatus for applying adhesive to sheet insulation
US6139639A (en) * 1994-12-28 2000-10-31 Toray Industries, Inc. Coating machine having a timer for continuously forming a coating of uniform thickness on a substrate
US5731044A (en) * 1995-06-19 1998-03-24 Kyowa Electric & Chemical Co., Ltd. Process and apparatus for coating display CRT tube for electronic device
US6125902A (en) * 1998-04-17 2000-10-03 Guddal; Karl Apparatus for applying an improved adhesive to sheet insulation having drainage channels
US6492018B1 (en) 1998-04-17 2002-12-10 Karl Guddal Apparatus for applying an improved adhesive to sheet insulation having drainage channels
US6641685B2 (en) 1998-04-17 2003-11-04 Karl Guddal Apparatus for applying an improved adhesive to sheet insulation having drainage channels
WO2008124944A1 (en) * 2007-04-17 2008-10-23 Nuclad Wall Systems Inc. Apparatus for cladding an insulation member, a composite cladded insulation member, and methods of forming and installing same
US20100126114A1 (en) * 2007-04-17 2010-05-27 Nuclad Wall Systems Inc. Apparatus for cladding an insulation member, a composite cladded insulation member, and methods of forming and installing same
EP2572798A3 (de) * 2011-09-26 2017-12-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Beschichtungsvorrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6708964A (de) 1968-02-02
SE333530B (de) 1971-03-15
DK121796B (da) 1971-11-29
LU51679A1 (de) 1968-02-12
DE1652329A1 (de) 1971-04-08
NO123747B (de) 1972-01-10
BE700324A (de) 1967-12-22
AT298640B (de) 1972-05-10
CH477924A (fr) 1969-09-15
IL28242A (en) 1971-02-25
GB1191654A (en) 1970-05-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3526535A (en) Method for producing surface coatings
EP0414721B1 (de) Vorhangbeschichtungsverfahren und -vorrichtung
KR100870627B1 (ko) 스패터링 장치
US4479987A (en) Process and an apparatus for stabilizing free-falling liquid curtains
ES367851A1 (es) Un metodo de recubrir un objeto con un numero de capas de composiciones revestidoras liquidas.
US4135477A (en) Curtain coating apparatus
JPH06206034A (ja) 流し塗り用エッジガイド装置及び方法
US3756196A (en) Method of coating glass surfaces
JPS5835105B2 (ja) 塗布装置
EP0168986B1 (de) Vorrichtung zum Beschichten mit mindestens einer Schicht und Verfahren zur Betreibung dieser Vorrichtung
US3404025A (en) Method and apparatus for coating a sheet or web
US3070457A (en) Apparatus and method for glossy wax coating
US2326843A (en) Apparatus for the continuous galvanizing of pipe and the like
US2732319A (en) Method for coating paper with thermoplastic
US3177847A (en) Apparatus for applying organic liquid coating to moving strip material
US4283363A (en) Process for manufacture of plastic sheets
US2169805A (en) Apparatus for coating can bodies
US2326844A (en) Method of continuously galvanizing pipe and the like
US2332946A (en) Apparatus for manufacturing phonographic disks
US3473955A (en) Coating process
KR20000035904A (ko) 연속이동 금속 스트립상에 고체 페인트를 공급하는 블럭
US2823641A (en) Apparatus for fluxing and coating metal strip
US1540417A (en) Glaze machine
US3587527A (en) Curtain coating apparatus
US1458591A (en) Film-making machine