US3522338A - Method for hot briquetting calcium phosphate ore - Google Patents

Method for hot briquetting calcium phosphate ore Download PDF

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Publication number
US3522338A
US3522338A US733545A US3522338DA US3522338A US 3522338 A US3522338 A US 3522338A US 733545 A US733545 A US 733545A US 3522338D A US3522338D A US 3522338DA US 3522338 A US3522338 A US 3522338A
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ore
phosphate
feed
furnace
briquette
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US733545A
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English (en)
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Theodore E Kass
Robert J Gleason
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FMC Corp
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FMC Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • C01B25/01—Treating phosphate ores or other raw phosphate materials to obtain phosphorus or phosphorus compounds

Definitions

  • a basic object of the invention to provide a method of briquetting a phosphate feed for a furnace and to provide a phosphate feed briquette suitable for use in the electric furnace which has the advantage of adequate strength to resist attrition in handling, and will have the further advantage that its chemical composition is balanced for the reduction reaction which is carried out in the electric furnace so that additional silica is not required.
  • eastern ores e.g. ores from Florida and North Carolina phosphate deposits
  • a beneficiation process wherein the included or occluded clays, those finer than, for example, 200 mesh are removed by washing.
  • the material remaining after washing of a typical North Carolina or Florida ore will contain quartzite sand which can be separated from the ore in a froth flotation process and a very refined ore can be prepared in a double froth flotation.
  • the clay binder of the ore is removed.
  • the silica or quartzite sand occurring with the ore is just about suflicient for the furnace feed when the washed ore is enriched with concentrate from a flotation operation.
  • TYPICAL CHEMICAL ANALYSES NORTH CAROLINA
  • NORTH CAROLINA a close approximation to an ideal agglomerated furnace feed is prepared using beneficiated North Carolina or Florida phosphate type ores by developing a blend of the flotation concentrate and washed ore containing quartzite sand and, thereafter, briquetting the mixture.
  • the dry mix appropriately balanced in its chemical constitution for use as a furnace feed is dried, calcined and passed through a hot briquetting machine and, in the briquetting rocess, the combination of heat and pressure causes part of the phosphate material to become plastic or semi-plastic at temperatures considerably below their normal melting or softening temperatures, with the result that we have been able to make, through this manipulation of washed ore and concentrate and our hot briquetting operation, briquettes of phosphate rock containing substantial amounts of quartzite (high silica sand), despite the fact that quartzite itself does not become plastic or approximately semi-plastic at any temperature within ordinary operating limits of hot briquetting apparatus. Also the abrasiveness of the quartzite is counteracted by the inclusion with it of the phosphate ore which particles surround and adhere to the silica particles so that wear in the briquette roll pockets is substantially reduced.
  • finely divided phosphate ore after being washed free of clay and a fraction of it subjected to froth flotation in granular form, containing quartzite sand with other minor impurities occurring in the materials, is heated in a fluid bed, or other kiln type heating device, to a temperature in the range of 1600 F. to 1900 F. and briquetted.
  • finely divided phosphate mineral we mean a material of a screen analysis from approximately that which passes a 35 mesh screen to that which is retained on a mesh screen.
  • the quartzite sand is also about 35 mesh to +150 mesh in screen analysis. Under these conditions and with such a mixture, the fine phosphate particles, particularly the finer portions of the screenings become attached to and surround the quartzite sand particles to form an agglomerated coating. The material thus, coming through the heating device is fed hot to the briquette rolls where it is compacted into briquettes.
  • a novel phosphate briquette is produced in that the phosphate particles which adhere to the quartzite sand by becoming plastic in the press at the temperature range indicated form a cementing matrix which holds the separate particles of sand in close relationship to phosphate for reaction in the electric furnace and generally holds all of the phosphate together in a matrix among the particles of quartz.
  • a briquette as strong as natural phosphate ore is formed.
  • phosphate ore of relatively low grade wash it free of accompanying clay slime, subject a portion of it to flotation to develop a phosphate concentrate and then mix portions of concentrate and washed ore, thereby to prepare a phosphate feed for an electric furnace reduction.
  • the furnace feed is ideal from the chemical standpoint; it is a furnace feed with a balanced phosphorus pentoXide, calcium oxide, and silicon dioxide content which, of course, represents a very economical utilization of the constituents of the ore as mined.
  • the calcium silicate slag is tapped from the furnace as liquid; the CO is used as a fuel in the kilns; the P vapor is condensed and recoveerd.
  • FIG. 1 is a sketch of a typical phosphate briquette, substantially of full conventional size
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-section, enlarged, of the briquette to indicate the nature of the matrix and the cement.
  • sand particles 10 are indicated in somewhat exaggerated size and the phosphate matrix is indicated by the numeral 11.
  • a blend of North Carolina concentrate and washed ore was heated to approximately 1400 F. and briquetted in a 130 ton bri quette press. Pressure sufiicient to induce formation of a phosphate cement in the hot mixture is all that is needed. Excellent briquettes measuring 2 /2 inches X 1 /2 inch X 1 inch were produced from the blend. Size of briquette is not really limited to these dimensions. Ample latitude is possible. This size should be treated as about an useful one for electric furnace feed in that the size of the lumps reduces dusting and favors quick completion of reaction. Too large briquettes give poor reaction in the furnace through creation of heat transfer problems; too small, i.e.
  • pellets, smother gas in the furnace and reduce heat exchange are necessary for production operations. All that is necessary is to establish a continuous fluid bed calciner to heat feed material to briquetting temperatures, form the mix, and feed it from the calciner to a briquetting machine, press and form briquettes.
  • the feed compositions suitable for production vary from 0.75 to 1.00 SiO /CaO ratio. Adjustment is made by blending washed ore and flotation concentrate in accordance with the respective analyses needed for the feed.
  • This tumble test is an empirical one and it is simply one wherein a number of briquettes, e.g., five briquettes, are charged to a 2 quart jar mill having lifters in it, the mill being turned at a rate of 22 revolutions per minute for a period of 5 minutes. The contents of the mill are then screened and the amount of -6 mesh material and that which is larger is measured as the strength of the briquettes.
  • This is a semi quantitative control test. Actually the measure of required strength of briquette reduces simply to that strength which will give it suflicient resistance to fracture and abrasion in the handling and feeding equipment to give an appropriate furnace feed. In any given plant operation an empirical control test can be devised.
  • the only limitation really is to have the ore in a condition such that it is plastic and easily molded or formed into an agglomerate so that cohesion of ore particles is attained, yet not so plastic that it will adhere easily to the roll pockets in the briquetting machine.
  • (3) briquette weight of about grams or more is preferred when using the 2 /2 x 1 /2 x 1 inch pocket rolls.
  • a process for briquetting an intimate mixture of a washed granular calcium phosphate ore of 35 to mesh size containing high silica sand of like mesh size and a phosphate ore concentrate of enriched phosphate content of like mesh size comprising heating the mixture to a temperature in the range from about 1400 F.
  • briquettes having an internal structure characterized by a matrix of quartz sand substantially uniformly distributed throughout, held together by essentially fused phosphate ore, said briquettes having at least sufficient strength to permit handling with mechanical equipment for feed to an electric furnace, the pro portions of phosphate ore and silica being approximately the stoichiometric levels needed to bring the calcium into calcium silicate during reduction of the calcium phosphate in said ore with carbon in an electric furnace.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
US733545A 1968-05-31 1968-05-31 Method for hot briquetting calcium phosphate ore Expired - Lifetime US3522338A (en)

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US73354568A 1968-05-31 1968-05-31

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US (1) US3522338A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE733205A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR6909286D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1927687B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES367912A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2011877A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1266043A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IL (1) IL32115A0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6908152A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE340092B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3773473A (en) * 1969-10-02 1973-11-20 Fmc Corp Beneficiation and hot briquetting of phosphate ores by removing -400 mesh fines
US4372929A (en) * 1981-01-07 1983-02-08 James C. Barber And Associates, Inc. Energy conservation and pollution abatement at phosphorus furnaces
US4968499A (en) * 1989-10-13 1990-11-06 James C. Barber And Associates, Inc. Conversion of precipitator dust into phosphorus furnace feedstock
US5240659A (en) * 1988-09-15 1993-08-31 Asahi Kogaku K.K. Process for producing shaped article of oriented calcium phosphate type compound
US11866117B2 (en) 2019-01-16 2024-01-09 Livewire Ev, Llc Motorcycle with virtual braking and virtual clutch

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2546531B1 (fr) * 1983-05-24 1985-07-26 Ugine Kuhlmann Nouveau procede de compactage a chaud sans melange prealable de minerai de phosphate enrichi

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2029309A (en) * 1934-08-22 1936-02-04 Tennessee Valley Authority Preparing phosphate charging stock
CA481706A (en) * 1952-03-11 Shawinigan Chemicals Limited Briquetting
US2776828A (en) * 1953-02-27 1957-01-08 Fmc Corp Pelletization of phosphate shale
US3032408A (en) * 1957-08-05 1962-05-01 Int Minerals & Chem Corp Process of pelletizing phosphate rock
US3076248A (en) * 1960-11-17 1963-02-05 Fmc Corp Process for the production of calcined phosphate agglomerates
US3189433A (en) * 1962-06-11 1965-06-15 Borden Co Method of agglomerating phosphate material
GB1064196A (en) * 1963-07-08 1967-04-05 Knapsack Ag Process for the manufacture of phosphate pellets
US3324221A (en) * 1965-05-27 1967-06-06 Fmc Corp Soda ash compaction
US3387923A (en) * 1964-12-30 1968-06-11 Monsanto Co Agglomerated tripolyphosphate

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA481706A (en) * 1952-03-11 Shawinigan Chemicals Limited Briquetting
US2029309A (en) * 1934-08-22 1936-02-04 Tennessee Valley Authority Preparing phosphate charging stock
US2776828A (en) * 1953-02-27 1957-01-08 Fmc Corp Pelletization of phosphate shale
US3032408A (en) * 1957-08-05 1962-05-01 Int Minerals & Chem Corp Process of pelletizing phosphate rock
US3076248A (en) * 1960-11-17 1963-02-05 Fmc Corp Process for the production of calcined phosphate agglomerates
US3189433A (en) * 1962-06-11 1965-06-15 Borden Co Method of agglomerating phosphate material
GB1064196A (en) * 1963-07-08 1967-04-05 Knapsack Ag Process for the manufacture of phosphate pellets
US3387923A (en) * 1964-12-30 1968-06-11 Monsanto Co Agglomerated tripolyphosphate
US3324221A (en) * 1965-05-27 1967-06-06 Fmc Corp Soda ash compaction

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3773473A (en) * 1969-10-02 1973-11-20 Fmc Corp Beneficiation and hot briquetting of phosphate ores by removing -400 mesh fines
US4372929A (en) * 1981-01-07 1983-02-08 James C. Barber And Associates, Inc. Energy conservation and pollution abatement at phosphorus furnaces
US5240659A (en) * 1988-09-15 1993-08-31 Asahi Kogaku K.K. Process for producing shaped article of oriented calcium phosphate type compound
US4968499A (en) * 1989-10-13 1990-11-06 James C. Barber And Associates, Inc. Conversion of precipitator dust into phosphorus furnace feedstock
US11866117B2 (en) 2019-01-16 2024-01-09 Livewire Ev, Llc Motorcycle with virtual braking and virtual clutch

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES367912A1 (es) 1971-04-16
DE1927687B2 (de) 1971-08-19
FR2011877A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-03-13
IL32115A0 (en) 1969-06-25
BR6909286D0 (pt) 1973-04-17
BE733205A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-11-03
SE340092B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-11-08
DE1927687A1 (de) 1969-12-04
GB1266043A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-08
NL6908152A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-12-02

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