US3513011A - Electrostatic coating method - Google Patents

Electrostatic coating method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3513011A
US3513011A US544594A US3513011DA US3513011A US 3513011 A US3513011 A US 3513011A US 544594 A US544594 A US 544594A US 3513011D A US3513011D A US 3513011DA US 3513011 A US3513011 A US 3513011A
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United States
Prior art keywords
coating
phosphor
tube face
face
particles
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Expired - Lifetime
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US544594A
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English (en)
Inventor
Emery P Miller
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Ransburg Corp
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Ransburg Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/20—Manufacture of screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored; Applying coatings to the vessel
    • H01J9/22—Applying luminescent coatings
    • H01J9/221—Applying luminescent coatings in continuous layers
    • H01J9/225—Applying luminescent coatings in continuous layers by electrostatic or electrophoretic processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C19/00—Apparatus specially adapted for applying particulate materials to surfaces
    • B05C19/02—Apparatus specially adapted for applying particulate materials to surfaces using fluidised-bed techniques
    • B05C19/025—Combined with electrostatic means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S118/00—Coating apparatus
    • Y10S118/05—Fluidized bed

Definitions

  • E.- P. MILLER ELECTROSTATIC CAOTING METHOD May 19, 1970 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed April 22, 1966 m ll ⁇ 3 4 INVENTOR.
  • EMERY P. MiLLER May 19, 1970
  • An adhesive binder is applied to a surface to be coated, such as a television picture tube.
  • a cloud of powder particles is formed.
  • the surface to be coated is introduced into the cloud with its binder-coated surface facing upwardly.
  • An electrostatic field is established between the binder-coated surface and an electrode above the surface.
  • the powder particles are electrostatically charged and deposited downwardly onto the surface.
  • the binder can contain a sensitizing agent and be made conductive to serve as an electrode in the electrostatic field.
  • the sensitizing agent can be activated to afiix deposited phosphor powders in a dotted array.
  • This invention is concerned with a method and apparatus for coating television picture tubes with phosphors with the aid of electrostatic forces. It is also concerned with the application of powders generally to any surface where extreme uniformity of coating is required such as in the formation of electroluminescent plates and the like.
  • the dots is polymerized onto the tube face as insoluble resin areas to which the powder is adhered.
  • the remaining material, being soluble, is then removed by a rinse and a grid of isolated dots in definite array and location is thus formed over the face surface.
  • the process is then repeated again using the sensitized binder and a different phosphor.
  • a new array of light dots is projected onto the surface to promote the polymerization of the material located in different areas than the first set of dots.
  • the process is repeated for a third time using the sensitized binder and still a third different phosphor, the dots of the polymerized material being located in still different areas.
  • further object of the invention is to provide a method of coating such tube faces in which the sensitizing binder for adhering the phosphors onto the tube face will serve as an agent for supplying surface conductivity to said face for reception of the electrostatically charged phosphor particles.
  • the uncoated face has a sensitized binder applied in a uniform layer to its surface to be coated.
  • the powdered phosphor to be deposited is placed in a fluidized bed and air is passed through it so as to fiuidize the material and form a powder cloud above the bed.
  • the fiuidizing air is turned off and the face inserted into the cloud above the powder bed with its surface to be coated facing upward and with the sensitized binder layer in electrical contact with ground.
  • a charging electrode is positioned above and spaced from the tube face.
  • Electrostatically charges the phosphor particles and in an accelerated manner directs them onto the sensitized layer as said particles tend to settle gravitationally from the cloud.
  • the electrode and the tube face are moved relative to each other.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical section through an apparatus embodying the invention with the tube face in place to be coated; 7
  • FIG. 2 is a partial section through the apparatus with the tube face withdrawn from the coating chamber
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the assembly taken through A-A in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is an end View of the carriage mounting arrange ment.
  • a coating of phosphors is applied to the tubes.
  • Said coating which is substantially only one particle thick, is formed of phosphors having a particle size of about three microns which are adapted to produce a visible red, blue, and green phosphorescence when bombarded by electrons.
  • a polar binder solution containing a water soluble light-activatable sensitizing agent comprises about 3% of polyvinyl alcohol and about /2% of a chromic salt, such as ammonium dichromate, dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and Water in a 1:1 ratio.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol serves as a binding agent for the phosphors to be deposited.
  • the chromic salt in addition to providing light sensitivity, acts in combination with the polar solvents, isopropyl alcohol and water, to increase the conductivity of the solution while in the wet or partially dried state to thereby give the surface to be coated a surface resistivity in the range of from about 10 to about 10 ohms per square.
  • the solution After the solution has been uniformly applied to the inside surface of the tube face, it is allowed to dry to a tacky condition.
  • the tube face is then ready for the first phosphor application. It is placed in the coating apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1 in the position shown in FIG. 2.
  • the coating apparatus comprises a chamber 11 formed from four interconnecting side walls 12 of electrically insulating material projecting upwardly from a bottom wall 13.
  • an outer jacket 14 formed from electrically insulating material and supported on a plurality of feet 15 extends around the chamber 11.
  • a pair of rods'16 extend across the jacket 14 to support the chamber 11 in spaced relation thereto whereby said jacket catches any of the phosphor powder that flows over the upper edges of the chamber.
  • the upper end of the jacket 14 is spaced slightly above the upper ends of the chamber walls 12, and the lower end 17 of said jacket has a frustoconical configuration for collecting the powders in the jacket.
  • a fan 18 is mounted at the bottom of the jacket for conveying the nondeposited powder from the jacket to a collector reservoir 19.
  • An arm 20 also of insulating material projects upwardly from the jacket 14 and extends transversely across the chamber 11.
  • a rod of conducting material 21 to which is attached an air driving motor 22.
  • Attached to the rotatable shaft of air motor 22 is a charging electrode system 23 composed of a plurality of points extending outwardly of a plane frame member.
  • the electrode is of the same planar shape as the tube face to be coated. In the modification shown this is essentially square.
  • the rod 21 is connected electrically by way of fitting 24 and wire 25 to a high voltage supply 26 whose other end is grounded as at 27.
  • One of the walls 12 of chamber 11 has an opening 28 in it located above the level of the fluidized powder bed which is large enough and so shaped to admit the tube face 10 when it is held in a horizontal position.
  • a similar matching opening 29 of slightly larger dimension is located in the corresponding surrounding wall 14.
  • Bracket member 30 which forms a support frame. Attached to the side members of this frame there are two sets of rollers 31 and two sets of rollers 32. These rolls are arranged to carry the tube face support carriage 33. Rolls at 31 are arranged above and below the angle side bars of carriage 33 as shown in FIG. 4. Rolls at 32 are single rolls arranged to support the angle only from below in the manner of the lower roll of rollers 31. The carriage thus can be moved from the position shown in FIG. 2 to that shown in FIG. 1 without tipping.
  • the carriage carries at its one end a cross bar 35 and at its other end a flexible thin metal plate 36.
  • a cross bar 35 and at its other end a flexible thin metal plate 36.
  • another simi ar plate 37 is another simi ar plate 37. Plates 36 and 37 are sized so that they will completely close the opening 28 from opposite sides of the panel 14 when the carriage is all the way toward the right as in FIG. 1 or all the way to the left as in FIG. 2.
  • a third flexible plate 38 is attached to the carriage 33 at a position such that it will close opening 29 in wall 14 when the carriage is all the way toward the right. It is therefore made slightly larger than opening 29.
  • An air permeable plate 41 is mounted on the chamber 11 above the bottom wall 13 and supports the phosphor particles 42 to be deposited. Air is introduced into the compartment 43 between the bottom wall 16 and the plate 41 through an air inlet 44 connected to a source of pressurized air 45. The air moves upwardly from the compartment 43 through the plate 41 to maintain the phosphor particles 42 in suspension immediately above said plate and thus provide a fluidized bed of said particles.
  • the particles wi l billow upwardly from the bed in the chamber and thus form a cloud having a particle density substantially less than the bed extending from the bed to the top opening of enclosure 11; the degree of billowing being dependent upon the flow rate at the inlet 44.
  • the cloud will essentially pour out over the side walls 12 and settle into the space between 12 and 14 to be recovered by fan 18 and collector 19.
  • the tube face to which the alcohol solution has been applied is positioned 0n carriage 33 as shown in FIG. 2.
  • a spring clip 39 is attached to the carriage and arranged so that when the face is slipped under it, electrical contact will be made between the coating on the face and the carriage.
  • the carriage is electrically grounded as at 40.
  • the fluidizing air is shut oif and the carriage with the tube face on it is moved to the right.
  • the high voltage is applied to the electrode 23.
  • the voltage is negative and provides an average voltage gradient between the points on electrode 23 and the tube face of at least 5 kilovolts per inch.
  • Phosphor particles which were generated in the cloud before the introduction of the face will flow over into the space between the chamber 11 and jacket 14 and can be reclaimed in the reservoir 45.
  • An example of the deposition step of our invention may be described as follows: The inside of an eleven inch tube face was cleaned and then washed with the sensitized binder, after which it was allowed to dry for six minutes at a relative humidity of 40% and a room temperature of F. It was then in a tacky condition. The face was then placed on the carriage 33 outside of the chamber 11, which chamber had a length and width of 12 inches and an overall height of 15 inches. The plate 42 was located 5 inches above the chamber bottom wall 16. The pins of electrode head 23 were one inch above the top of chamber 11. When the face was moved into the chamber, it was 4 inches above the porous plate 42. This provided a 12 inch spacing between the electrode and tube face.
  • the electrode was rotated at r.p.m., and air was introduced into the compartment 43 at the rate of 5 c.f.m.
  • the electrode was charged at 60 kv. This produced a uniform coating over the inside surface of the tube face, and said face was removed. If a heavier coating is desired, the cyclecan be repeated. When the desired coating is obtained, the face can be passed on to further processing.
  • the tube face is removed from the coating chamber, and a beam of light is projected through a dotted image-producing screen and onto the coated surface.
  • the light passing through said screen will polymerize the polyvinyl alcohol to thus retain or affiX the phosphor particles as a coating on the tube face within the dotted illuminated areas.
  • the coating is rinsed with a suitable solvent, and the nonpolymerized polyvinyl alcohol and the phosphor particles not Within the dotted areas are rinsedaway.
  • a second layer of the binder solution is applied thereover.
  • the deposition process is repeated in the manner previously described in another fiuidizing chamber charged with a phosphor having a different color phosphorescence.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol in the binder solution is polymerized by projecting a beam of light through a second dotted image-producing screen and onto the coated surface.
  • Said screen has its dotted pattern offset from the dotted pattern of the first screen whereby the second layer of binder solution will be polymerized in dotted areas adjacent the polymerized dots of the first application. In this manner, a double array of nonoverlapping dots of the first and second phosphors will be affixed to the tube face.
  • the sequence is again repeated using a third layer of binder solution and depositing a third phosphor from a third chamber having still a different color phosphorescence.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol in the third layer of binder solution is polymerized by projecting a beam of light through a third dotted imageproducing screen and onto the coated surface.
  • the dot pattern in the third screen is offset from the dot patterns in the first and second screens whereby the third layer of binder solution will be polymerized in dotted areas adjacent the polymerized dots of the first and second application. In this manner, a finished coating is produced having a triple array of nonoverlapping dots of the first, second, and third phosphors affixed to the tube face.
  • the surface need not be non-conducting, but can equally well be made of metal.
  • the adhesive liquid need not supply the electrical conductivity.
  • the binding layer need not possess photo chemical properties, but can simply harden upon drying to bind the particles to the surface.
  • the face or surface can be given further treatment by removing it from the chamber, re-establishing the powder cloud by again turning on and off the fluidizing air, and again inserting the surface into the chamber.
  • the electrode While we have described the electrode as being rotated 6 with respect to the fixed tube face, it is to be understood, of course, that the electrode may be fixed.
  • powder particles suspended in air may be suspended in gaseous medium other than air, and air is intended to include other suitable gases.
  • a method of applying a coating of phosphors to a television tube face comprising the steps of applying a conductive coating of a solution of a polymerizable binder and a light-activated sensitizing agent in water to a surface of the tube face to be coated, drying said coating to a tacky condition, establishing said phosphors in a gas suspension formed by passing an air stream through a bed of said phosphors, removing the forming air stream, placing said tube face with said conductive coating facing upwardly in the gas suspension, electrostatically charging said particles and depositing the charged particles downwardly onto the coating, subjecting part of the coated tube face surface to a source of light to activate said sensitizing agent and polymerize the binder for affixing the deposited particles onto the tube face, and flushing the coated tube face surface with Water to remove the nonpolymerized binder and non-afiixed deposited particles.
  • said binder solution provides said surface of the tube face with a surface resistivity in the range of from about 10 to about 10 ohms per square, and an electrode means is placed in spaced relation to said conductive coating to create an electrostatic field gradient of at least 5 kilovolts per inch between the electrode means and the conductive coating.
  • An electrostatic method of coating television tube faces comprising applying a conductive coating of a binder and a sensitizing agent to a surface of the tube face to be coated, placing a powdered phosphor to be deposited in a bed, passing air through the bed to fluidize the phosphor and form a phosphor cloud above the bed, connecting said conductive coating with ground, turning ofii the air and inserting the tube face into the cloud with its conductively coated surface facing upwardly, charging an electrode positioned above and spaced from the surface to electrostatically charge the powdered phosphor and in an accelerated manner direct it onto the conductive coating as said particles tend to settle gravitationally from the cloud.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Formation Of Various Coating Films On Cathode Ray Tubes And Lamps (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
US544594A 1966-04-22 1966-04-22 Electrostatic coating method Expired - Lifetime US3513011A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US54459466A 1966-04-22 1966-04-22
US81005669A 1969-01-02 1969-01-02

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US810056*A Expired - Lifetime US3593678A (en) 1966-04-22 1969-01-02 Electrostatic coating methods and apparatus

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US (2) US3513011A (es)
BE (1) BE697365A (es)
CH (1) CH471600A (es)
DE (1) DE1614359A1 (es)
FR (1) FR1512156A (es)
GB (1) GB1188657A (es)
NL (2) NL6705745A (es)
SE (1) SE338809B (es)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4109027A (en) * 1976-01-21 1978-08-22 W. R. Grace & Co. Electrostatic coating apparatus and method
US5225106A (en) * 1988-09-16 1993-07-06 Glass Bulbs Limited Method of and apparatus for generating a fine dispersion of particles
US5314723A (en) * 1992-06-09 1994-05-24 Gte Products Corporation Method of coating phosphors on fluorescent lamp glass
US5639330A (en) * 1990-03-14 1997-06-17 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Method of making an image display element
WO2017028701A1 (zh) * 2015-08-17 2017-02-23 临朐远宏金属制品有限公司 可自动清理的供粉中心

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1426697A (en) * 1974-04-23 1976-03-03 Jones P C Fluidised bed apparatus
US4169903A (en) * 1977-06-10 1979-10-02 Ball Corporation Electrostatic process for coating electrically conductive objects such as beverage cans
DE2804127C2 (de) * 1978-01-31 1984-03-08 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Verfahren zur Herstellung eines planen oder in einer Richtung gekrümmten Leuchtstoffschirmes für flache Farbbildanzeigegeräte
US4330567A (en) * 1980-01-23 1982-05-18 Electrostatic Equipment Corp. Method and apparatus for electrostatic coating with controlled particle cloud
US4297386A (en) * 1980-01-23 1981-10-27 Electrostatic Equipment Corporation Control grid in electrostatic fluidized bed coater
US4343641A (en) * 1981-03-02 1982-08-10 Ball Corporation Article having a scratch resistant lubricated glass surface and its method of manufacture
US4466989A (en) * 1983-05-25 1984-08-21 At&T Technologies, Inc. Horizontal mobility in fluidized beds
US4486473A (en) * 1983-09-21 1984-12-04 Ga Technologies Inc. Method and apparatus for coating fragile articles in a fluidized bed of particles using chemical vapor deposition
GB2195924B (en) * 1986-07-28 1991-01-09 Mesac Corp Electrostatic flocking apparatus
US5041301A (en) * 1989-06-15 1991-08-20 S. L. Electrostatic Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for coating interior surfaces of objects with abrasive materials
US5637357A (en) * 1995-12-28 1997-06-10 Philips Electronics North America Corporation Rotary electrostatic dusting method
TWI508331B (zh) * 2008-11-13 2015-11-11 Maven Optronics Corp 用於形成螢光轉換型發光元件之薄膜螢光層的系統及方法、以及用於螢光轉換型發光元件之薄膜螢光層
US8247248B2 (en) * 2009-05-15 2012-08-21 Achrolux Inc. Methods and apparatus for forming uniform layers of phosphor material on an LED encapsulation structure
TWI452733B (zh) * 2009-12-26 2014-09-11 Achrolux Inc 用於轉換發光波長之均勻膜層結構及其形成方法
US11260419B2 (en) * 2018-03-02 2022-03-01 Innovation Calumet Llc Method for coating a structure with a fusion bonded material

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US2191827A (en) * 1934-04-12 1940-02-27 Carborundum Co Apparatus for applying liquid to fabric
US2686141A (en) * 1951-06-29 1954-08-10 Keyes Fibre Co Preparation of resin-bearing fibrous pulp
US2837429A (en) * 1955-06-21 1958-06-03 Sylvania Electric Prod Method of producing patterns
US2996380A (en) * 1957-10-08 1961-08-15 Sylvania Electric Prod Method of fabricating image display screens
US3019126A (en) * 1959-03-24 1962-01-30 United States Steel Corp Method and apparatus for coating metal strip and wire
US3140176A (en) * 1961-04-12 1964-07-07 Rca Corp Art of making color-phosphor screens of the mosaic variety
US3248253A (en) * 1962-06-22 1966-04-26 Sames Sa De Machines Electrost Electrostatic transfer method and apparatus for coating articles with a fluidized composition
US3309217A (en) * 1963-01-08 1967-03-14 Polymer Corp Coating method and apparatus
US3323933A (en) * 1962-06-22 1967-06-06 Sames Mach Electrostat Electrostatic powder application
US3327685A (en) * 1963-04-24 1967-06-27 Bayer Ag Apparatus for applying small particles to articles in an electric field
US3377183A (en) * 1963-07-01 1968-04-09 Gen Electric Electrostatic powder coating on heated parts

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US2649358A (en) * 1947-01-07 1953-08-18 Kellogg M W Co Contacting gases and solids
US2719093A (en) * 1952-06-03 1955-09-27 William H Voris Methods of applying plastic coatings
FR1367496A (fr) * 1963-04-24 1964-07-24 Sames Mach Electrostat Perfectionnements au revêtement électrostatique d'objets
FR1398172A (fr) * 1964-03-27 1965-05-07 Sames Mach Electrostat Procédé de séparation électrostatique et installations pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

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US2191827A (en) * 1934-04-12 1940-02-27 Carborundum Co Apparatus for applying liquid to fabric
US2686141A (en) * 1951-06-29 1954-08-10 Keyes Fibre Co Preparation of resin-bearing fibrous pulp
US2837429A (en) * 1955-06-21 1958-06-03 Sylvania Electric Prod Method of producing patterns
US2996380A (en) * 1957-10-08 1961-08-15 Sylvania Electric Prod Method of fabricating image display screens
US3019126A (en) * 1959-03-24 1962-01-30 United States Steel Corp Method and apparatus for coating metal strip and wire
US3140176A (en) * 1961-04-12 1964-07-07 Rca Corp Art of making color-phosphor screens of the mosaic variety
US3248253A (en) * 1962-06-22 1966-04-26 Sames Sa De Machines Electrost Electrostatic transfer method and apparatus for coating articles with a fluidized composition
US3323933A (en) * 1962-06-22 1967-06-06 Sames Mach Electrostat Electrostatic powder application
US3309217A (en) * 1963-01-08 1967-03-14 Polymer Corp Coating method and apparatus
US3327685A (en) * 1963-04-24 1967-06-27 Bayer Ag Apparatus for applying small particles to articles in an electric field
US3377183A (en) * 1963-07-01 1968-04-09 Gen Electric Electrostatic powder coating on heated parts

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4109027A (en) * 1976-01-21 1978-08-22 W. R. Grace & Co. Electrostatic coating apparatus and method
US5225106A (en) * 1988-09-16 1993-07-06 Glass Bulbs Limited Method of and apparatus for generating a fine dispersion of particles
US5639330A (en) * 1990-03-14 1997-06-17 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Method of making an image display element
US5314723A (en) * 1992-06-09 1994-05-24 Gte Products Corporation Method of coating phosphors on fluorescent lamp glass
US5441774A (en) * 1992-06-09 1995-08-15 Osram Sylvania Inc. Method of coating phosphors of fluorescent lamp glass
WO2017028701A1 (zh) * 2015-08-17 2017-02-23 临朐远宏金属制品有限公司 可自动清理的供粉中心

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE697365A (es) 1967-10-23
CH471600A (de) 1969-04-30
SE338809B (es) 1971-09-20
NL135549C (es)
GB1188657A (en) 1970-04-22
NL6705745A (es) 1967-10-23
US3593678A (en) 1971-07-20
FR1512156A (fr) 1968-02-02
DE1614359A1 (de) 1970-05-14

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