US3511726A - Slurried ammonium nitrate explosive composition containing a chrome-lignin - Google Patents
Slurried ammonium nitrate explosive composition containing a chrome-lignin Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3511726A US3511726A US812849A US3511726DA US3511726A US 3511726 A US3511726 A US 3511726A US 812849 A US812849 A US 812849A US 3511726D A US3511726D A US 3511726DA US 3511726 A US3511726 A US 3511726A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lignin
- ammonium nitrate
- chrome
- explosive composition
- slurry
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 43
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 title description 34
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title description 33
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 23
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- KIEOKOFEPABQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium dichromate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KIEOKOFEPABQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940071826 hydroxyethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000711 locust bean gum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- FOGYNLXERPKEGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(CC(CS(O)(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS(O)(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O FOGYNLXERPKEGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940105329 carboxymethylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960002900 methylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical group [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)methyl]piperazine Chemical compound C1=CC(SC)=CC=C1CN1CCNCC1 QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000984084 Helianthemum nummularium subsp. grandiflorum Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102200006355 c.58G>C Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003583 soil stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
- C06B31/30—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with vegetable matter; with resin; with rubber
Definitions
- a slurry lignin explosive composition having a plastic property and a high density which comprises, as its principalingredients, (1) chrome-lignin prepared from spent liquor of sulfite pulp manufacture and a water-soluble, hexavalent chromium compound and (2) ammonium nitrate.
- This invention relates to relatively inexpensive slurry explosive compositions having characteristic in plastic property and high density and, more particularly, relates to slurry lignin explosive composition having high practical value whose principal ingredients are chrome-lignin and ammonium nitrate.
- slurry explosive as a commercial explosive composition, which is prepared by suspending ammonium nitrate in water in slurry state and admixing therewith aluminum powder or TNT as a sensitizer and paste of carboxymethylcellulose as a thickener has drawn public attention in the field of explosive.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a very inexpensive, and safety explosive composition having a suflicient plasticity and a high density for charging in drilled holes and holding detonating property without containing any sensitizer.
- the abovementioned object can be attained by the composition of the present invention.
- the composition of the present invention which has the same performance as that of the conventional slurry explosive, can be produced by using chrome-lignin in place of a sensitizer used in the conventional slurry explosive at as low a cost as that of the ANFO explosive.
- Chromelignin used in the composition of the present invention is a water-insoluble gel substance which is a reaction product between the spent liquor of sulfite pulp and hexavalent water-soluble chromium compounds.
- the product of this invention is a homogeneous, gel
- composition obtained -by mixing ammonium nitrate and an aqueous chrome-lignin solution which is not yet gelated, adding, if necessary, a thickener, stirring the mixture sufficiently, and allowing the mixture to stand to gelate the chrome-lignin.
- Ammonium nitrate may be either of prill or powder form and even ammonium nitrate for agricultural grade may be used.
- a portion of ammonium nitrate can be displaced by one of the publicly known oxidants, such as other nitrates and perchlorates.
- ammonium nitrate incorporated in the composition amounts to about 50 to by weight of the explosive composition.
- the water-soluble, hexavalent chromium compounds such as sodium bichromate, potassium chromate, and chromic anhydride
- the water-soluble, hexavalent chromium compounds are added to the spent liquor in an amount of 10 to 30% by weight based upon the solid matter in the spent liquor.
- Other metal salts publicly known such as those having the activity for promoting gel formation may also be added.
- the aqueous chrome-lignin solution prior to gelation is added desirably in an amount of 10 to 50% by weight based upon the explosive composition.
- the thickener is added if necessary, and it may be a water-soluble high molecular substance, such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, salt of polyacrylic acid, or polyacrylamide; a water-soluble polysaccharide derivative, such as carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, guar gum, locust bean gum, or carboxymethylated starch; and mixtures thereof.
- a publicly known gelation-accelerator such as borax may be used in combination with a thickener.
- the gelled chrome-lignin in this invention acts also as a thickener, the addition of another thickener is not always necessary. However, the addition of another thickener in a small amount can produce a fluid, extremely stable explosive composition.
- Ammonium nitrate, an aqueous chrome-lignin solution, and a thickener which is added by necessity can be mixed in any order. After a thick slurry of ammonium nitrate or a thickener solution is prepared, in advance, by using a portion of water of the aqueous chrome-lignin solution, mixing can be carried out. Heat can be employed when they are mixed.
- the water-soluble hexavalent chromium compounds to be added for the preparation of chrome-lignin may be added in divided portions.
- the water-soluble hexavalent chromiuum compounds added together with the spent liquor of sulfite pulp manufactur are caused to react mainly with the salt of lignosulfonic acid to lead water-soluble salt of the lignosulfonic acid to form macromolecules, by chelate bonding, which is thus insolubilized. Therefore, the water-soluble hexavalent chromium compounds, which have been added to spent liquor, do not exist in the free form after the gel formation of lignosulfonates. In this point the composition of the present invention is clearly dillerent from conventional ammonium nitrate ex plosive compositions incorporated with potassium bichromate.
- composition of the present invention is also entirely different from the explosive with a low density and no water-resistant property, described in the specification of East German Patent No. 23657, which comprises the powder obtained from spent liquor of sulfite pulp manufacture, and ammonium nitrate powder, in which the above-mentioned powder from spent liquor of sulfite pulp manufacture is used simply in place of the fuel oil of the ANFO explosive.
- EXAMPLE 1 A thickener was prepared by dissolving g. of guar gum into 150 g. of water. To this solution, 700 g. of crushed ammonium nitrate of agricultural grade was added. As chrome-lignin a mixture of 120 g. of 40% Sangrout AS solution (a lignin product useful as soil stabilizer, supplied from Sanyo Pulp Co., Ltd., Japan) and 25 g. of 40% aqueous sodium bichromate solution was used. The chrome-lignin solution was mixed with the above-mentioned ammonium nitrate slurry at 40 C. and the mixture was allowed to stand at room temp rature for about 4 hours. Thus, 1 kg. of a homogeneous, slurry lignin explosive composition was obtained. The product had a density of 1.25 g./cc.
- EXAMPLE 2 A thickener was prepared by dissolving 5 g. of Sunrose SN-30A (carboxymethylcellulose, supplied from Sanyo Pulp Co., Ltd., Japan) and 5 g. of guar gum in 145 g. of water. To this solution was added 700 g. of ammonium nitrate of agricultural grade. As a chrome-lignin a mixture of 120 g. of 40% solution of San X 501 (a lignin product supplied from Sanyo Pulp Co., Ltd., Japan) and 25 g. of 40% aqueous potassium bichromate solution was used. The chrome-lignin solution was mixed with the above mentioned ammonium nitrate slurry at 70 C. and the mixture was allowed to stand for about 24 hours. Thus, 1 kg. of a homogeneous, slurry lignin explosive composition was obtained. The product had a density of 1.22 g./cc.
- EXAMPLE 3 Fifteen grams of guar gum was dissolved in 145 g. of water, and 650 g. of ammonium nitrate of agricultural grade was added thereto. As a chrome-lignin a mixture of 140 g. of 40% solution of Sangrout AS and 20 g. of 40% aqueous sodium bichromate solution was used. Resultant solution was mixed with the above-mentioned ammonium nitrate slurry at room temperature, and then 30 g. of aluminum powder was added to the mixture. After sufficiently stirred, the mixture was allowed to stand for about 24 hours. Thus, 1 kg. of a homogeneous, slurry lignin explosive composition was obtained. The product had a density of 1.12 g./cc.
- Example 1 The procedures of Example 1 were repeated by substituting sodium nitrate in Example 4 and sodium perchlorate in Example 5 for the one-third amount of ammoniurn nitrate of Example 1, respectively, and by substituting polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-117, supplied from Kurashiki Rayon Co.) in Example 6, polyethylene oxide (PEG-l8, supplied from Seitetsu Kagaku Co.) in Example 7, polysodium-acrylate (Alon A20P, supplied from Toa Gosei Co.) in Example 8, polyacryl-amide (Nitto SS, Nitto Kagaku Co.) in Example 9, hydroxy-ethyl cellulose (Nisso-HEC AL-15 supplied from Nihon Soda Co.) in Example 10, methyl cellulose (Marpolose M- 400, supplied from Matsu-moto Yushi Co.) in Example 11 and locust bean gum (Meyprog
- a slurry lignin explosive composition having a plastic property and a high density which comprises, as its principal ingredients, (1) a chrome-lignin prepared by reacting spent liquor of sulfite pulp manufacture with a water-soluble, hexavalent chromium compound, and (2) ammonium nitrate.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2317468 | 1968-04-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3511726A true US3511726A (en) | 1970-05-12 |
Family
ID=12103251
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US812849A Expired - Lifetime US3511726A (en) | 1968-04-09 | 1969-04-02 | Slurried ammonium nitrate explosive composition containing a chrome-lignin |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3511726A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE1915456C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1225205A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106748590A (zh) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-05-31 | 四川雅化实业集团股份有限公司 | 一种粘性炸药用粘合剂及其制备方法 |
| RU2789321C2 (ru) * | 2021-07-15 | 2023-02-01 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Дальневосточный федеральный университет» (ДВФУ) | Водосодержащее взрывчатое вещество |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO165185C (no) * | 1984-12-27 | 1991-01-09 | Aerojet General Co | Stoepbar sprengstoffblanding. |
| US5034073A (en) * | 1990-10-09 | 1991-07-23 | Aerojet General Corporation | Insensitive high explosive |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3166450A (en) * | 1961-05-01 | 1965-01-19 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Ammonium nitrate-chromate salt explosive compositions |
| US3326733A (en) * | 1966-08-15 | 1967-06-20 | Kelco Co | Gelled explosive composition containing a xanthamonas hydrophilic colloid |
| US3361604A (en) * | 1966-07-25 | 1968-01-02 | Trojan Powder Co | Explosive slurries containing an inorganic oxidizer salt and particulate fibrous naturally wet pulpy plant matter |
| US3369945A (en) * | 1965-11-01 | 1968-02-20 | Canadian Ind | Explosive composition containing an inorganic oxidizer salt,a soluble lignosulphonate,and mutual solvent therefor |
| US3397096A (en) * | 1966-12-06 | 1968-08-13 | Canadian Ind | Thickened inorganic oxidizer salt explosive slurry sensitized with a soluble polyflavonoid |
| US3400026A (en) * | 1967-01-16 | 1968-09-03 | Du Pont | Thickened aqueous inorganic oxidizer salt explosive composition containing dissolvedproteinaceous material |
-
1969
- 1969-03-26 GB GB1225205D patent/GB1225205A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-03-26 DE DE1915456A patent/DE1915456C3/de not_active Expired
- 1969-04-02 US US812849A patent/US3511726A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3166450A (en) * | 1961-05-01 | 1965-01-19 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Ammonium nitrate-chromate salt explosive compositions |
| US3369945A (en) * | 1965-11-01 | 1968-02-20 | Canadian Ind | Explosive composition containing an inorganic oxidizer salt,a soluble lignosulphonate,and mutual solvent therefor |
| US3361604A (en) * | 1966-07-25 | 1968-01-02 | Trojan Powder Co | Explosive slurries containing an inorganic oxidizer salt and particulate fibrous naturally wet pulpy plant matter |
| US3326733A (en) * | 1966-08-15 | 1967-06-20 | Kelco Co | Gelled explosive composition containing a xanthamonas hydrophilic colloid |
| US3397096A (en) * | 1966-12-06 | 1968-08-13 | Canadian Ind | Thickened inorganic oxidizer salt explosive slurry sensitized with a soluble polyflavonoid |
| US3400026A (en) * | 1967-01-16 | 1968-09-03 | Du Pont | Thickened aqueous inorganic oxidizer salt explosive composition containing dissolvedproteinaceous material |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106748590A (zh) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-05-31 | 四川雅化实业集团股份有限公司 | 一种粘性炸药用粘合剂及其制备方法 |
| RU2789321C2 (ru) * | 2021-07-15 | 2023-02-01 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Дальневосточный федеральный университет» (ДВФУ) | Водосодержащее взрывчатое вещество |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1225205A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1971-03-17 |
| DE1915456B2 (de) | 1975-03-06 |
| DE1915456A1 (de) | 1969-11-06 |
| DE1915456C3 (de) | 1975-10-09 |
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