US3326733A - Gelled explosive composition containing a xanthamonas hydrophilic colloid - Google Patents
Gelled explosive composition containing a xanthamonas hydrophilic colloid Download PDFInfo
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- US3326733A US3326733A US572185A US57218566A US3326733A US 3326733 A US3326733 A US 3326733A US 572185 A US572185 A US 572185A US 57218566 A US57218566 A US 57218566A US 3326733 A US3326733 A US 3326733A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hydrophilic colloid
- xanthomonas
- explosive
- salt
- water
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 title claims description 66
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 15
- 241000589634 Xanthomonas Species 0.000 claims description 50
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N Tritiated water Chemical compound [3H]O[3H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 19
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 241000589636 Xanthomonas campestris Species 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 borate compound Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 206010048214 Xanthoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001668516 Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006481 glucose medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UVGZJJKEELPWRH-JSCKKFHOSA-M potassium (2S,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-6-oxohexanoate Chemical compound [K+].O=C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C([O-])=O UVGZJJKEELPWRH-JSCKKFHOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metaborate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]B=O NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N triammonium citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q triazanium;borate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
- C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0024—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. paramylon, coriolan, sclerotan, pachyman, callose, scleroglucan, schizophyllan, laminaran, lentinan or curdlan; (beta-1,6)-D-Glucans, e.g. pustulan; (beta-1,4)-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. lichenan; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0033—Xanthan, i.e. D-glucose, D-mannose and D-glucuronic acid units, saubstituted with acetate and pyruvate, with a main chain of (beta-1,4)-D-glucose units; Derivatives thereof
Definitions
- This invention relates to a gelled explosive and a method for its preparation. More specifically, the invention relates to a gelled explosive containing a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, borax, and a monovalent watersoluble explosive salt.
- An object of this invention is to provide gelled explosives which are characterized by their stability and the firm, tough and cohesive nature of their gel structure.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a gelled explosive containing a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, borax, and a monovalent explosive salt.
- a further object of the invention is to provide a method of making a stable, tough, cohesive gelled explosive.
- the monovalent explosive salt which is employed is soluble in water and can be an acid, basic or neutral salt.
- the practical explosive salts are those which contain a high quantity of oxygen so as to provide a favorable oxygen balance in the explosive. Typical of such salts are ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and potassium nitrate.
- the quantity of monovalent explosive salt which is employed can be varied widely while still obtaining a gelled explosive. To illustrate, I have obtained gels when employing as low as 5% by weight of monovalent salt. In order to obtain a favorable oxygen balance in the explosive, it is, of course, desirable to employ a much larger quantity of the explosive monovalent salt. A suitable quantity can, for example, be as high as about 90% by weight.
- the only limitation On the quantity of monovalent explosive salt which is used is its solubility in water. The water temperature is a factor affecting its solubility and increased solubility can be obtained simply by heating the water to which the salt is added. In my process, I have found that warming the water to a temperature such as about 40 to about 80 C. greatly improves the solubility of the salt, the quantity of which in turn determines the oxygen balance in the final explosive.
- borax also present in my explosive compositions.
- borate salts such as ammonium borate, sodium metaborate, and sodium tetraborate can be employed, I prefer to use borax since it is fairly cheap and readily available.
- concentration of the borate compound employed can be varied in forming gelled explosives according to my invention.
- the content of borate salt can be varied from about 5 to about 50% by Weight of the Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, as described later.
- the concentration of borate compound ranges from about to about by weight of the Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid.
- Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid which is a colloidal material produced by bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas.
- I employ a quantity of Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid ranging from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight of the water contained in the explosive composition.
- Illustrative of such colloidal materials is the hydrophilic colloid produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris. This colloidal material is a polymer containing mannose, glucose, potassium glucuronate and acetyl radicals.
- the potassium portion can be replaced by several other cations without substantial change in the property of the said material for my purpose.
- the said colloidal which is a high molecular weight, exocellular material, may be prepared by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris, by whole culture fermentation of a medium containing 25% commercial glucose, organic nitrogen source, dipotassiurn hydrogen phosphate and appropriate trace elements. The incubation time is approximately 96 hours at 28 C., aerobic conditions.
- it is convenient to use corn steep liquor or distillers dry solubles as an organic nitrogen source. It is expedient to grow the culture in two intermediate stages prior to the final inoculation in order to encourage vigorous growth of the bacteria.
- stages may be carried out in media having apH of about 7.
- a transfer from an agar slant to a dilute glucose broth may be made and the bacteria cultured for 24 hours under vigorous agitation and aeration at a temperature of about 30 C.
- the culture so produced may then be used to inoculate a higher glucose (3%) content broth of larger volume in a second intermediate stage.
- the reaction may be permitted to continue for 24 hours under the same conditions as the first stage.
- a loopful of organism from the agar slant is adequate for the first stage comprising 200 milliliters of the said glucose media.
- the material resulting from the first stage may be used together with 9 times its volume of a 3% glucose media.
- the material produced in the second stage may be admixed with 19 times its volume of the final media.
- a good final media may contain 3% glucose, 0.5% distillers dry solubles, 0.5% dipotassium phosphate, 0.1% magnesium sulphate having 7 molecules of water of crystallization and water.
- the reaction in the final stage may be satisfactorily carried out for 96 hours at 30 C. with vigorous agitation and aeration.
- the resulting Xanthomonas campestris colloidal material which I have found to be particularly suitable for my purpose can be recovered by precipitation in methanol of the clarified mixture from the fermentation.
- This resulting material may also be designated as a pseudoplastic, heteropoly-saccharide hydrophilic colloid or gum produced by the bacterium species Xanthomonas campestris.
- Xanthomonas colloidal materials may be prepared by repeating the procedure used for producing the Xanthomonas campestris colloidal material described above by substituting known Xanthomonas bacterium or organisms, i.e., Xanthomonas carolae, Xanthomonas incawhich the monovalent explosive salt may be added or conversely, the Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid may be dissolved directly in an aqueous solution of the monovalent explosive salt. Further, the Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid may be co-dissolved with either the soluble borate compound or with the soluble monovalent explosive salt.
- Example I A solution containing 120 grams of ammonium nitrate and 78 grams of water (606% of ammonium nitrate), was warmed to 50 C. at which point 2 grams of a finely divided Xanthomonas campestris hydrophilic colloid was added with agitation. After Xanthomonas campestris hydrophilic colloid had dissolved in the warm ammonium nitrate solution, there was added with agitation 0.2 gram of borax. A gel was immediately formed on addition of the borax which gel became more firm on standing.
- Example I When Example I is repeated utilizing sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate in lieu of ammonium nitrate, a satisfactory explosive gel is obtained. Similarly, explosive gels are obtained by utilizing a larger quantity of the monovalent explosive salt, e.g., ammonium nitrate, at total concentrations ranging up to as high as about 90% by weight.
- the monovalent explosive salt e.g., ammonium nitrate
- Example II To 150 grams of a 60% ammonium nitrate aqueous solution at 60 C. was added 1.5 grams of a finely divided Xanthomonas campestris hydrophilic colloid with stirring. After the colloid had dissolved, 0.37 gram of borax was added with stirring and there was immediately formed a soft gelled explosive.
- Example III To 100 grams of a 60% ammonium nitrate solution containing 0.8 gram of finely divided Xanthomonas campestris hydrophilic colloid was added 1 gram of borax. The addition was made at room temperature with mixing of the ammonium nitrate solution. On addition of the borax, a firm, rubbery gelled explosive was immediately formed.
- Example lV of the borax there was immediately formed a firm, rubbery gelled explosive.
- a deacetylated Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid may be employed in the same manner as the Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid itself in practicing my invention.
- the deacetylated colloids and their method of preparation are described in US. Patents 3,000,790, 3,054,689, and 3,096,293 which are incor-' porated herein by reference.
- Example V When Example I was repeated using 0.25% by weight of a finely divided Xanthomonas campestris hydrophilic colloid and 0.1% by water of borax, a gelled explosive was formed. Due to the decreased quantities of Xanthoms onas campestris hydrophilic colloid and borax which were used, the gelled explosive which formed had a softer consistency than that obtained in Example I.
- Example VI Two grams of finely divided Xanthomonas malvacearum hydrophilic colloid were dissolved with stirring in 196 grams of an aqueous solution containing 60% by weight of ammonium nitrate. The solution was warmed to 50 C. with stirring and 2 grams of borax were added and mixed in. There was produced a firm, rubbery gelled explosive.
- ammonium nitrate as the monovalent soluble explosive salt. It should be understood, however, that other explosive salts, such as sodium perchlorate, and the like, may be employed in the practice of my invention. Due to its low cost and availability, ammonium nitrate is the preferred explosive salt for use in my invention. My explosive compositions can also, of course, contain conventional explosive additives, such as finely divided aluminum to increase the energy output.
- my invention relates primarily to the formation of gelled explosives.
- my invention has general application to forming aqueous gels containing a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, a soluble borate salt, and a soluble monovalent salt.
- the soluble monovalent salt is one which contains a large quantity of oxygen to provide a suitable oxygen balance in the explosive.
- the soluble salt it is not necessary that the soluble salt contain a large quantity of oxygen in order to form an aqueous gel.
- the soluble salt can be sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, ammonium acetate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium citrate, or potassium pyrophosphate.
- the soluble salt is an ammonium salt of a strong acid, especially a nitrate or sulfate. Certain of the above salts which may be used in forming gels according to my invention are dior trivalent. However, the soluble salts which I generally employ are monovalent.
- a gelled explosive comprising water, a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid in an amount ranging from about 0.5
- a water-soluble borate salt in an amount ranging from about 5 to about 50% by Weight of said Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, and a water-soluble monovalent explosive salt.
- composition of claim 1 wherein said monovalent explosive salt is ammonium nitrate.
- composition of claim 1 wherein said Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid is produced by the bacterium X anthomonas cam pestris.
- composition of claim 1 wherein said Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid is produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas malvacearu m.
- composition of claim 1 wherein said borate salt is present in a concentration ranging from about 10 to about 20% by weight of said Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid.
- a gelled explosive comprising water, a hydrophilic colloid selected from the group consisting of Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid and deacetylated Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, said hydrophilic colloid being present in an amount ranging from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight of said water, a soluble borate in an amount ranging from about 5 to about 50% by weight of said hydrophilic colloid, and a Water-soluble monovalent explosive salt.
- a gelled explosive composition comprising water, a Xanthomonas campestris hydrophilic colloid in an amount ranging from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight of said water, borax in an amount ranging from about 10 to about 20% by weight of said Xanthomonas cwmpestris hydrophilic colloid, and ammonium nitrate.
- An aqueous gel comprising water, a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid in an amount ranging from about :5 to about 3% by weight of said water, a soluble borate in an amount ranging from about to about 50% by weight of said Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, and a Watersoluble monovalent salt.
- composition of claim 9 wherein said monovalent salt is an ammonium salt of a strong acid.
- An aqueous gel comprising water, a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid in an amount ranging from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight of said water, a soluble borate in an amount ranging from about 5 to about 50% by Weight of said Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, and a Watersoluble salt selected from the class consisting of chlorides, acetates, sulfates, phosphates, citrates and pyrophosphates.
- a method for forming a gelled explosive composition comprising mixing water, a hydrophilic colloid selected from the group consisting of Xanthomonas hydro philic colloid and deacetylated Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, said colloid being present in an amount ranging from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight of said water, a soluble borate salt in an amount ranging from about 5 to about by weight of said hydrophilic colloid, and a monovalent explosive salt.
- hydrophilic colloid is a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid.
- said Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid is produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas malvacearnm.
- a method of producing an aqueous gel comprising mixing water, a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid in an amount ranging from about 0.5 to about 3% by Weight of said water, a soluble borate salt in an amount ranging from about 5 to about 50% by weight of said Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, and a Water-soluble monovalent salt.
- a method of producing an aqueous gel comprising mixing water, a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid in an amount ranging from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight of said water, a soluble borate salt in an amount ranging from about 5 to about 50% by weight of said Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, and a water-soluble salt selected from the class consisting of chlorides, acetates, sulfates, phosphates, citrates, and pyrophosphates.
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Description
United States Patent GELLED EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITION CON- TAININ G A XANTHAMONAS HYDRO- PHILIC COLLOID George T. Colegrove, San Diego, Calif., assignor to Kelco Company, San Diego, Calif., a corporation of Delaware N0 Drawing. Filed Aug. 15, I966, Ser. No. 572,185 19 Claims. (Cl. 149--20) This invention relates to a gelled explosive and a method for its preparation. More specifically, the invention relates to a gelled explosive containing a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, borax, and a monovalent watersoluble explosive salt.
Various explosives are known which are supplied in the form of a gel. Such gelled explosives have not been entirely satisfactory because of gel instability. The gel instability has been manifested by syneresis and bleeding of the gel after a relatively short period of time.
An object of this invention is to provide gelled explosives which are characterized by their stability and the firm, tough and cohesive nature of their gel structure.
Another object of the invention is to provide a gelled explosive containing a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, borax, and a monovalent explosive salt.
A further object of the invention is to provide a method of making a stable, tough, cohesive gelled explosive.
Additional objects will become apparent from a reading of the specification and claims which follow.
In accord with my invention, I form a gelled explosive by adding to water a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, borax, and a water-soluble monovalent explosive salt. A gel is formed almost immediately which, on standing, becomes increasingly firm.
The monovalent explosive salt which is employed is soluble in water and can be an acid, basic or neutral salt. The practical explosive salts are those which contain a high quantity of oxygen so as to provide a favorable oxygen balance in the explosive. Typical of such salts are ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and potassium nitrate.
The quantity of monovalent explosive salt which is employed can be varied widely while still obtaining a gelled explosive. To illustrate, I have obtained gels when employing as low as 5% by weight of monovalent salt. In order to obtain a favorable oxygen balance in the explosive, it is, of course, desirable to employ a much larger quantity of the explosive monovalent salt. A suitable quantity can, for example, be as high as about 90% by weight. The only limitation On the quantity of monovalent explosive salt which is used is its solubility in water. The water temperature is a factor affecting its solubility and increased solubility can be obtained simply by heating the water to which the salt is added. In my process, I have found that warming the water to a temperature such as about 40 to about 80 C. greatly improves the solubility of the salt, the quantity of which in turn determines the oxygen balance in the final explosive.
Also present in my explosive compositions is a soluble borate such as borax. Although other borate salts such as ammonium borate, sodium metaborate, and sodium tetraborate can be employed, I prefer to use borax since it is fairly cheap and readily available. The concentration of the borate compound employed can be varied in forming gelled explosives according to my invention. To illustrate, the content of borate salt can be varied from about 5 to about 50% by Weight of the Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, as described later. Preferably, however, the concentration of borate compound ranges from about to about by weight of the Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid.
The next ingredient required in my explosive composi- 3,326,733 Patented June 20, 1967 tions is a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid which is a colloidal material produced by bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas. In the practice of my invention, I employ a quantity of Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid ranging from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight of the water contained in the explosive composition. Illustrative of such colloidal materials is the hydrophilic colloid produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris. This colloidal material is a polymer containing mannose, glucose, potassium glucuronate and acetyl radicals. In such a colloid, the potassium portion can be replaced by several other cations without substantial change in the property of the said material for my purpose. The said colloidal, which is a high molecular weight, exocellular material, may be prepared by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris, by whole culture fermentation of a medium containing 25% commercial glucose, organic nitrogen source, dipotassiurn hydrogen phosphate and appropriate trace elements. The incubation time is approximately 96 hours at 28 C., aerobic conditions. In preparing the colloid as aforesaid, it is convenient to use corn steep liquor or distillers dry solubles as an organic nitrogen source. It is expedient to grow the culture in two intermediate stages prior to the final inoculation in order to encourage vigorous growth of the bacteria. These stages may be carried out in media having apH of about 7. In a first stage a transfer from an agar slant to a dilute glucose broth may be made and the bacteria cultured for 24 hours under vigorous agitation and aeration at a temperature of about 30 C. The culture so produced may then be used to inoculate a higher glucose (3%) content broth of larger volume in a second intermediate stage. In this stage the reaction may be permitted to continue for 24 hours under the same conditions as the first stage. The
culture so acclimated for use with glucose by the aforementioned first and second stages is then added to the final glucose medium. In the aforesaid method of preparation of Xanthomonas campestris hydrophilic colloid, a loopful of organism from the agar slant is adequate for the first stage comprising 200 milliliters of the said glucose media. In the second stage the material resulting from the first stage may be used together with 9 times its volume of a 3% glucose media. In the final stage the material produced in the second stage may be admixed with 19 times its volume of the final media. A good final media may contain 3% glucose, 0.5% distillers dry solubles, 0.5% dipotassium phosphate, 0.1% magnesium sulphate having 7 molecules of water of crystallization and water. The reaction in the final stage may be satisfactorily carried out for 96 hours at 30 C. with vigorous agitation and aeration. The resulting Xanthomonas campestris colloidal material which I have found to be particularly suitable for my purpose can be recovered by precipitation in methanol of the clarified mixture from the fermentation. This resulting material may also be designated as a pseudoplastic, heteropoly-saccharide hydrophilic colloid or gum produced by the bacterium species Xanthomonas campestris.
Other Xanthomonas colloidal materials may be prepared by repeating the procedure used for producing the Xanthomonas campestris colloidal material described above by substituting known Xanthomonas bacterium or organisms, i.e., Xanthomonas carolae, Xanthomonas incawhich the monovalent explosive salt may be added or conversely, the Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid may be dissolved directly in an aqueous solution of the monovalent explosive salt. Further, the Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid may be co-dissolved with either the soluble borate compound or with the soluble monovalent explosive salt.
To facilitate formation of my explosives, it is, of course, desirable that the various ingredients employed be in a finely divided form. As stated previously, it is oftimes desirable to heat the water which also facilitates solution of the various ingredients therein. In order to obtain a homogeneous explosive, it is also desirable to agitate the water mixture. I have found that best results are obtained when the borax or soluble borate compound is added to the aqueous solution of Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid and the soluble monovalent explosive salt. Following addition of the last ingredient, whether soluble borate, monovalent explosive salt, or Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, a gel is immediately formed which becomes increasingly firm on standing.
To further illustrate the scope of my invention, there are presented the following examples in which all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
Example I A solution containing 120 grams of ammonium nitrate and 78 grams of water (606% of ammonium nitrate), was warmed to 50 C. at which point 2 grams of a finely divided Xanthomonas campestris hydrophilic colloid was added with agitation. After Xanthomonas campestris hydrophilic colloid had dissolved in the warm ammonium nitrate solution, there was added with agitation 0.2 gram of borax. A gel was immediately formed on addition of the borax which gel became more firm on standing.
When Example I is repeated utilizing sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate in lieu of ammonium nitrate, a satisfactory explosive gel is obtained. Similarly, explosive gels are obtained by utilizing a larger quantity of the monovalent explosive salt, e.g., ammonium nitrate, at total concentrations ranging up to as high as about 90% by weight.
Example II To 150 grams of a 60% ammonium nitrate aqueous solution at 60 C. was added 1.5 grams of a finely divided Xanthomonas campestris hydrophilic colloid with stirring. After the colloid had dissolved, 0.37 gram of borax was added with stirring and there was immediately formed a soft gelled explosive.
Example III To 100 grams of a 60% ammonium nitrate solution containing 0.8 gram of finely divided Xanthomonas campestris hydrophilic colloid was added 1 gram of borax. The addition was made at room temperature with mixing of the ammonium nitrate solution. On addition of the borax, a firm, rubbery gelled explosive was immediately formed.
Example lV of the borax, there was immediately formed a firm, rubbery gelled explosive.
As shown in Example IV, a deacetylated Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid may be employed in the same manner as the Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid itself in practicing my invention. The deacetylated colloids and their method of preparation are described in US. Patents 3,000,790, 3,054,689, and 3,096,293 which are incor-' porated herein by reference. In terms of cost and availability, I prefer to use the Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid rather than the deacetylated derivative thereof.
Example V When Example I was repeated using 0.25% by weight of a finely divided Xanthomonas campestris hydrophilic colloid and 0.1% by water of borax, a gelled explosive was formed. Due to the decreased quantities of Xanthoms onas campestris hydrophilic colloid and borax which were used, the gelled explosive which formed had a softer consistency than that obtained in Example I.
Example VI Two grams of finely divided Xanthomonas malvacearum hydrophilic colloid were dissolved with stirring in 196 grams of an aqueous solution containing 60% by weight of ammonium nitrate. The solution was warmed to 50 C. with stirring and 2 grams of borax were added and mixed in. There was produced a firm, rubbery gelled explosive.
In the foregoing examples, I have illustrated my invention with regard to use of ammonium nitrate as the monovalent soluble explosive salt. It should be understood, however, that other explosive salts, such as sodium perchlorate, and the like, may be employed in the practice of my invention. Due to its low cost and availability, ammonium nitrate is the preferred explosive salt for use in my invention. My explosive compositions can also, of course, contain conventional explosive additives, such as finely divided aluminum to increase the energy output.
As illustrated by the foregoing, my invention relates primarily to the formation of gelled explosives. In a broader sense, however, my invention has general application to forming aqueous gels containing a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, a soluble borate salt, and a soluble monovalent salt. In forming explosives, the soluble monovalent salt is one which contains a large quantity of oxygen to provide a suitable oxygen balance in the explosive. However, it is not necessary that the soluble salt contain a large quantity of oxygen in order to form an aqueous gel. For example, the soluble salt can be sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, ammonium acetate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium citrate, or potassium pyrophosphate. Preferably, the soluble salt is an ammonium salt of a strong acid, especially a nitrate or sulfate. Certain of the above salts which may be used in forming gels according to my invention are dior trivalent. However, the soluble salts which I generally employ are monovalent.
The gelation mechanism involved in forming gels according to my invention is not clearly understood. However, whatever the mechanism, it apparently involves the co-joint action of both a soluble borate and a soluble monovalent salt with a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid. Soluble borate salts do not, by themselves, form a gel when added to an aqueous solution of a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid. Likewise, soluble monovalent salts do not, by themselves, form gels when added to a solution of a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid. Thus, the cojoint action of a soluble borate salt with a soluble monovalent salt in forming gels with an aqueous solution of a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid is highly unexpected and can only be attributed to some synergistic coaction between the various ingredients.
My invention is illustrated in the foregoing specification by reference to specific concentrations, temperatures, and the like. However, it should be understood that these references are solely for the purpose of illustration and that I desire to be limited only by the lawful scope of the appended claims.
I claim:
1. A gelled explosive comprising water, a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid in an amount ranging from about 0.5
to about 3% by weight of said water, a water-soluble borate salt in an amount ranging from about 5 to about 50% by Weight of said Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, and a water-soluble monovalent explosive salt.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said monovalent explosive salt is ammonium nitrate.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein said Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid is produced by the bacterium X anthomonas cam pestris.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein said Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid is produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas malvacearu m.
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein said borate salt is borax.
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein said borate salt is present in a concentration ranging from about 10 to about 20% by weight of said Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid.
7. A gelled explosive comprising water, a hydrophilic colloid selected from the group consisting of Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid and deacetylated Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, said hydrophilic colloid being present in an amount ranging from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight of said water, a soluble borate in an amount ranging from about 5 to about 50% by weight of said hydrophilic colloid, and a Water-soluble monovalent explosive salt.
8. A gelled explosive composition comprising water, a Xanthomonas campestris hydrophilic colloid in an amount ranging from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight of said water, borax in an amount ranging from about 10 to about 20% by weight of said Xanthomonas cwmpestris hydrophilic colloid, and ammonium nitrate.
9. An aqueous gel comprising water, a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid in an amount ranging from about :5 to about 3% by weight of said water, a soluble borate in an amount ranging from about to about 50% by weight of said Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, and a Watersoluble monovalent salt.
10. The composition of claim 9 wherein said monovalent salt is an ammonium salt of a strong acid.
11. An aqueous gel comprising water, a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid in an amount ranging from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight of said water, a soluble borate in an amount ranging from about 5 to about 50% by Weight of said Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, and a Watersoluble salt selected from the class consisting of chlorides, acetates, sulfates, phosphates, citrates and pyrophosphates.
12. A method for forming a gelled explosive composition comprising mixing water, a hydrophilic colloid selected from the group consisting of Xanthomonas hydro philic colloid and deacetylated Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, said colloid being present in an amount ranging from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight of said water, a soluble borate salt in an amount ranging from about 5 to about by weight of said hydrophilic colloid, and a monovalent explosive salt.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein said hydrophilic colloid is a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein said explosive salt is ammonium nitrate.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein said Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid is produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas campeszris.
16. The method of claim 13 said Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid is produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas malvacearnm.
17. The method of claim 12 wherein said soluble borate salt is borax.
18. A method of producing an aqueous gel comprising mixing water, a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid in an amount ranging from about 0.5 to about 3% by Weight of said water, a soluble borate salt in an amount ranging from about 5 to about 50% by weight of said Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, and a Water-soluble monovalent salt.
19. A method of producing an aqueous gel comprising mixing water, a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid in an amount ranging from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight of said water, a soluble borate salt in an amount ranging from about 5 to about 50% by weight of said Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, and a water-soluble salt selected from the class consisting of chlorides, acetates, sulfates, phosphates, citrates, and pyrophosphates.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,768,073 10/1956 Davidson 149'-83 X 3,072,509 1/1963 Barnhart et al 149-60 X 3,096,223 7/1963 Cook et al 14983 X 3,108,917 10/1963 McIrvine 149-76 X 3,190,777 6/1965 Breza et al 149-76 X 3,201,291 8/1965 Schmidt 14944 X 3,202,556 8/1965 Chrisp 149-83 X CARL D. QUARFORTH, Primary Examiner. S. J. LECHERT, JR., Assistant Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. A GELLED EXPLOSIVE COMPRISING WATER, A XANTHOMONAS HYDROPHILIC COLLOID IN AN AMOUNT RANGING FROM ABOUT 0.5 TO ABOUT 3% BY WEIGHT OF SAID WATER, A WATER-SOLUBLE BORATE SALT IN AN AMOUNT RANGING FROM ABOUT 5 TO ABOUT 50% BY WEIGHT OF SAID XANTHOMONAS HYDROPHILIC COLLOID, AND A WATER-SOLUBLE MONOVALENT EEXPLOSIVE SALT.
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Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3470042A (en) * | 1967-02-24 | 1969-09-30 | Us Navy | Thixotropic gelled bipropellant composition containing sulphated galactose polymer |
US3485686A (en) * | 1968-05-31 | 1969-12-23 | Intermountain Research Eng Co | Aqueous explosive slurry containing oxidizer-reducer cross-linking agent |
US3507718A (en) * | 1969-03-26 | 1970-04-21 | Intermountain Res & Eng | Explosive slurry containing pulpy fibrous matter,finely divided carbonaceous material and powerful inorganic oxidizer salt |
US3511726A (en) * | 1968-04-09 | 1970-05-12 | Sanyo Pulp Kk | Slurried ammonium nitrate explosive composition containing a chrome-lignin |
US3658607A (en) * | 1969-04-25 | 1972-04-25 | Intermountain Res & Eng | High energy explosive compositions and method of preparation |
FR2121765A1 (en) * | 1971-01-11 | 1972-08-25 | Ici Australia Ltd | |
US3748201A (en) * | 1971-10-08 | 1973-07-24 | Gen Mills Chem Inc | Thickening compositions containing xanthomonas gum and hydroxyalkyl ether of guar gum |
US3906108A (en) * | 1973-10-12 | 1975-09-16 | Johnson & Johnson | Stabilized tretinoin cream emulsion |
US4806636A (en) * | 1985-03-20 | 1989-02-21 | The Dow Chemical Company | Heteropolysaccharide produced by Enterobacter sakazakii |
US6273928B1 (en) | 1998-10-19 | 2001-08-14 | U.S. Borax Inc. | Pourable aqueous boron-containing compositions and their preparation |
US20030215522A1 (en) * | 2002-04-22 | 2003-11-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Personal care compositions comprising a zinc containing material in an aqueous surfactant composition |
US20040058855A1 (en) * | 2002-04-22 | 2004-03-25 | Schwartz James R. | Use of materials having zinc ionophoric behavior |
US20040213751A1 (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2004-10-28 | Schwartz James Robert | Augmentation of pyrithione activity or a polyvalent metal salt of pyrithione activity by zinc-containing layered material |
US20040223941A1 (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2004-11-11 | Schwartz James Robert | Composition comprising zinc-containing layered material with a high relative zinc lability |
US20050202984A1 (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2005-09-15 | Schwartz James R. | Composition comprising zinc-containing layered material with a high relative zinc lability |
US20060024381A1 (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2006-02-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Composition comprising particulate zinc material with a high relative zinc lability |
US20060089342A1 (en) * | 2000-06-22 | 2006-04-27 | Gavin David F | Topical anti-microbial compositions |
US20090047851A1 (en) * | 1999-06-25 | 2009-02-19 | Arch Chemicals, Inc. | Pyrithione biocides enhanced by silver, copper, or zinc ions |
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Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3470042A (en) * | 1967-02-24 | 1969-09-30 | Us Navy | Thixotropic gelled bipropellant composition containing sulphated galactose polymer |
US3511726A (en) * | 1968-04-09 | 1970-05-12 | Sanyo Pulp Kk | Slurried ammonium nitrate explosive composition containing a chrome-lignin |
US3485686A (en) * | 1968-05-31 | 1969-12-23 | Intermountain Research Eng Co | Aqueous explosive slurry containing oxidizer-reducer cross-linking agent |
US3507718A (en) * | 1969-03-26 | 1970-04-21 | Intermountain Res & Eng | Explosive slurry containing pulpy fibrous matter,finely divided carbonaceous material and powerful inorganic oxidizer salt |
US3658607A (en) * | 1969-04-25 | 1972-04-25 | Intermountain Res & Eng | High energy explosive compositions and method of preparation |
FR2121765A1 (en) * | 1971-01-11 | 1972-08-25 | Ici Australia Ltd | |
US3748201A (en) * | 1971-10-08 | 1973-07-24 | Gen Mills Chem Inc | Thickening compositions containing xanthomonas gum and hydroxyalkyl ether of guar gum |
US3906108A (en) * | 1973-10-12 | 1975-09-16 | Johnson & Johnson | Stabilized tretinoin cream emulsion |
US4806636A (en) * | 1985-03-20 | 1989-02-21 | The Dow Chemical Company | Heteropolysaccharide produced by Enterobacter sakazakii |
US6273928B1 (en) | 1998-10-19 | 2001-08-14 | U.S. Borax Inc. | Pourable aqueous boron-containing compositions and their preparation |
US20090047851A1 (en) * | 1999-06-25 | 2009-02-19 | Arch Chemicals, Inc. | Pyrithione biocides enhanced by silver, copper, or zinc ions |
US20060089342A1 (en) * | 2000-06-22 | 2006-04-27 | Gavin David F | Topical anti-microbial compositions |
US7674785B2 (en) | 2000-06-22 | 2010-03-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Topical anti-microbial compositions |
US20030215522A1 (en) * | 2002-04-22 | 2003-11-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Personal care compositions comprising a zinc containing material in an aqueous surfactant composition |
US20040058855A1 (en) * | 2002-04-22 | 2004-03-25 | Schwartz James R. | Use of materials having zinc ionophoric behavior |
US8119168B2 (en) | 2002-04-22 | 2012-02-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Personal care compositions comprising a zinc containing material in an aqueous surfactant composition |
US20050202984A1 (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2005-09-15 | Schwartz James R. | Composition comprising zinc-containing layered material with a high relative zinc lability |
US20060024381A1 (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2006-02-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Composition comprising particulate zinc material with a high relative zinc lability |
US20040223941A1 (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2004-11-11 | Schwartz James Robert | Composition comprising zinc-containing layered material with a high relative zinc lability |
US20040213751A1 (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2004-10-28 | Schwartz James Robert | Augmentation of pyrithione activity or a polyvalent metal salt of pyrithione activity by zinc-containing layered material |
US8491877B2 (en) | 2003-03-18 | 2013-07-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Composition comprising zinc-containing layered material with a high relative zinc lability |
US9381148B2 (en) | 2003-03-18 | 2016-07-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Composition comprising particulate zinc material with a high relative zinc lability |
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