US3511641A - Method of heating up and initiating metallurgical reactions in the pouring jet when degasifying the latter in a vacuum - Google Patents

Method of heating up and initiating metallurgical reactions in the pouring jet when degasifying the latter in a vacuum Download PDF

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Publication number
US3511641A
US3511641A US570489A US3511641DA US3511641A US 3511641 A US3511641 A US 3511641A US 570489 A US570489 A US 570489A US 3511641D A US3511641D A US 3511641DA US 3511641 A US3511641 A US 3511641A
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United States
Prior art keywords
vacuum
plasma
pouring
stream
gas
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Expired - Lifetime
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US570489A
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English (en)
Inventor
Werner Coupette
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STANDARD MESSO DUISBURG
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STANDARD MESSO DUISBURG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/15—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/22—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation
    • C22B9/226—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation by electric discharge, e.g. plasma
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of heating up the pouring jet or stream and for initiating metallurgical reactions in the pouring jet or stream when degasifying the same in a vacuum.
  • an object of the present invention to provide a method of heating up and initiating metallurgical reactions in the pouring jet or stream when degasifying the latter in a vacuum, which will overcome the above mentioned dawbacks.
  • the above mentioned objects have been realized by flowing a plasma gas around the pouring jet while the latter is entering the vessel in which the degasification "ice takes place and in which a pressure below atmospheric pressure is maintained.
  • the degasification vessel is equipped with one or more adjustable plasma burner means the axis or axes of which are directed toward the pouring jet.
  • the plasma burner means are arranged in the upper portion of said vessel.
  • Modern plasma burners have outputs up to many thousands of kilowatts and are able to produce gas temperatures up to 50,000 C. in an operation-safe manner.
  • small steel droplets down to a size of 0.5 millimeter are desirable in the vacuum chamber so that the relatively large surface of said steel droplets will be heated up by the heat of the introduced gas plasma while during the degasification process heat losses with their disadvantageous results, such as increased viscosity and decreased reaction of the fine steel droplets, will be prevented.
  • the plasma burner means When the plasma burner means are operated with inert gases, such as argon, the otherwise occurring heat losses will be made up and, more specifically, by the extremely intensive radiation in the vacuum and by the convection of the plasma gases at the extremely high temperatures. Furthermore, the degasification aiding advantage will be obtained that the blown-in inert gas will form the surface of the steel droplets wash away the gas which during the vacuum treatment escapes from the droplets.
  • inert gases such as argon
  • reactive plasma gas is employed, as for instance hydrogen, oxygen, methane, carbon tetrachloride, chlorine, sodium vapor, or the like, or mixtures thereof, and are 'by means of plasma burners directed toward the pouring jet or stream in the degasification vessel and impart upon the pouring jet or stream at high speed while flowing around the individual droplets of the pouring jet or stream, an intensive and quick reaction of the steel droplets with the gas flowing therearound will be obtained in view of the extremely high temperatures of the plasma gases at the phase limits of the steel droplets passed around by the plasma gas.
  • the energy of the said reaction of the steel droplets with the gas flowing therearound is extremely high because in addition to the specific heat due to the extremely high temperature, the dissociation energy with multi-atomic gases, and generally the ionization energy in the plasma jet or stream will be added.
  • contact substances may be added to the plasma gases.
  • Such contact substances are for instance calcium, cobalt, vanadium, tungsten, or titanium, which are added in low quantities of from approximately 10 to 25% of the weight of the gases. .T he higher the atomic weight of said substance, the less quantity of the contact substance has to be added.
  • the apparatus shown therein comprises a degassification vessel having a connection 2 adapted to be connected to a vacuum pump (not illustrated).
  • the degasification vessel 1 is airtight and by means of a detachable cover 3 and the pur ing ladle resting thereon is closed in an air-tight manner.
  • a ladle 6 which receives the steel after it has been degasified in the steel jet or stream, said steel being poured out of the ladle 5.
  • the cover 3 of the degasification vessel 1 there are provided one or a plurality of plasma burners 4 in such a way that the axes thereof are directed toward the axis of the pouring jet.
  • the plasma burner or burners 4 are for purposes of controlling the quantity of the gas to be converted into plasma condition and for purposes of changing the temperature thereof equipped with control devices.
  • the burners are preferably mounted on cover 3 or in the upper portion of the vessel 1 and are so adjustable selectively by suitably operable means that the plasma flame is preferably or can preferably be directed onto the upper portion of the pouring jet or stream.
  • Plasma burners and adjusting means associated therewith for adjusting such burners may be of any desired standard type, as for instance of the type disclosed in French Pat. No. 1,311,252-La Soudure Electrique Autogene, Procedes Arcos, Belge and in pamphlet No, 150 ARCOS hausmitannonen der ARCOS-Gesellschaft fiir Schweisstechnik mbH., Aachen.
  • the vacuum to be maintained in the degasification vessel may be within the range of the vacuum employed with heretofore known degasification processes efiected in a vacuum.
  • the vacuum should be within 5 the range of from 0.1 to about 30 mm. Hg.
  • the opening and closing of the pouring ladle 5 may be etfected in customary manner by opening and closing the opening 7 by means of a closure member 8, e.g. a stopper rod.
  • a process for stream degassing molten metal comprising: feeding said molten metal to a vacuum chamber as a pouring stream, maintaining said chamber at sufficient vacuum to cause the molten metal in said pouring stream to disperse into small droplets as it passes into the vacuum chamber, directing a stream of hot plasma gases amongst the droplets as they pass through the vacuum chamber, and subsequently collecting the degassed molten metal.
  • a method according to claim 1 comprising introducing said hot plasma gas into said vessel in the form of jets directed toward the pouring stream being degasified.
  • a method according to claim 1 comprising introducing a reactive plasma gas consisting of at least one gas selected from the group which consists of hydrogen, oxygen, methane, carbon tetrachloride, chlorine and sodium vapor for the purpose of creating metallurgical reactions in the pouring stream.
  • a method according to claim 3 comprising adding to the reactive plasma gas at least one contact substance selected from the group consisting of calcium, cobalt, vanadium, tungsten and titanium, the quantity of the added contact substance amounting to from 10% to 25% of the weight of the gas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US570489A 1965-08-14 1966-08-05 Method of heating up and initiating metallurgical reactions in the pouring jet when degasifying the latter in a vacuum Expired - Lifetime US3511641A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEST024276 1965-08-14

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US3511641A true US3511641A (en) 1970-05-12

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DE (1) DE1458937B2 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1123728A (enExample)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3635696A (en) * 1968-05-21 1972-01-18 Finkl & Sons Co Treatment of molten metal using arc heat and vacuum
WO2000069516A1 (en) 1999-05-17 2000-11-23 Alexandr Alexandrovich Karasev Electro-neuro-adaptive stimulator

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2909422A (en) * 1957-07-02 1959-10-20 Union Carbide Corp Method of improving the quality and productivity of electric arc furnace steel
USRE24821E (en) * 1960-05-03 Method of producing metals by decomposition of halides
US2997386A (en) * 1958-06-27 1961-08-22 Feichtinger Heinrich Process and apparatus for treating metal melts
US3060015A (en) * 1960-03-22 1962-10-23 Ruhrstahl Ag Steel purification
US3084037A (en) * 1960-01-08 1963-04-02 Temescal Metallurgical Corp Gaseous ion purification process
US3251680A (en) * 1962-08-23 1966-05-17 Fuji Iron & Steel Co Ltd Method and apparatus for treating steels
US3257197A (en) * 1963-04-17 1966-06-21 Union Carbide Corp Method for adding nitrogen to molten metals
US3279912A (en) * 1962-10-02 1966-10-18 Union Carbide Corp Treating molten metals with multiple electric arc columns
US3288594A (en) * 1963-12-05 1966-11-29 United Metallurg Corp Purification of metals
US3342250A (en) * 1963-11-08 1967-09-19 Suedwestfalen Ag Stahlwerke Method of and apparatus for vacuum melting and teeming steel and steellike alloys

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE24821E (en) * 1960-05-03 Method of producing metals by decomposition of halides
US2909422A (en) * 1957-07-02 1959-10-20 Union Carbide Corp Method of improving the quality and productivity of electric arc furnace steel
US2997386A (en) * 1958-06-27 1961-08-22 Feichtinger Heinrich Process and apparatus for treating metal melts
US3084037A (en) * 1960-01-08 1963-04-02 Temescal Metallurgical Corp Gaseous ion purification process
US3060015A (en) * 1960-03-22 1962-10-23 Ruhrstahl Ag Steel purification
US3251680A (en) * 1962-08-23 1966-05-17 Fuji Iron & Steel Co Ltd Method and apparatus for treating steels
US3279912A (en) * 1962-10-02 1966-10-18 Union Carbide Corp Treating molten metals with multiple electric arc columns
US3257197A (en) * 1963-04-17 1966-06-21 Union Carbide Corp Method for adding nitrogen to molten metals
US3342250A (en) * 1963-11-08 1967-09-19 Suedwestfalen Ag Stahlwerke Method of and apparatus for vacuum melting and teeming steel and steellike alloys
US3288594A (en) * 1963-12-05 1966-11-29 United Metallurg Corp Purification of metals

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3635696A (en) * 1968-05-21 1972-01-18 Finkl & Sons Co Treatment of molten metal using arc heat and vacuum
WO2000069516A1 (en) 1999-05-17 2000-11-23 Alexandr Alexandrovich Karasev Electro-neuro-adaptive stimulator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1123728A (en) 1968-08-14
DE1458937B2 (de) 1970-07-30
DE1458937A1 (enExample) 1970-07-30

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