US3509262A - Bass register keying system employing preference networks - Google Patents
Bass register keying system employing preference networks Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3509262A US3509262A US564358A US3509262DA US3509262A US 3509262 A US3509262 A US 3509262A US 564358 A US564358 A US 564358A US 3509262D A US3509262D A US 3509262DA US 3509262 A US3509262 A US 3509262A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- preference
- key switches
- tone
- network
- keys
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H1/18—Selecting circuits
- G10H1/22—Selecting circuits for suppressing tones; Preference networks
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S84/00—Music
- Y10S84/02—Preference networks
Definitions
- the organ includes a first plurality of keys and a further plurality of keys.
- first plurality of keys When plural ones of the first plurality of keys are actuated the organ sounds a single note at least an octave below the note of lowest pitch called forth by the plural keys.
- plural keys of the second plurality When plural keys of the second plurality are actuated the single note is erased and a note at least an octave below the note of lowest pitch called forth by the second plurality of keys, the pluralities of keys employing independent preference networks but a common preference selector.
- the present invention relates generally to electronic organs and more particularly to systems for providing single bass note responses of electronic organs in response to actuations of manual keys.
- the present invention is an improvement on the system disclosed and claimed in the co-pending application of George Hadden, Ser. No. 468,767, filed July 1, 1965, entitled Bass Register Keying System and assigned to the same assignee as the present application. Further, this invention may preferably, but not necessarily, employ resistive preference circuits in accordance with the teachings of a co-pending' application (of the same inventor and assignee as the present application) Ser. No. 466,170, filed June 23, 1965, entitled Preference Circuit.
- simple, trouble-free, resistive preference circuits of the above-mentioned Munch type eliminate both mechanical wipeout switches and diode gates, use of the preference circcuit being made in producing the automatic bass register tones corresponding to those normally played on the pedal keyboard.
- this is made possible by using an extra set of simple single-pole, single-throw (S.P.S.T.) key switches operated concurrently with the key switches employed with one of the preference circuits.
- S.P.S.T. switches operate in parallel and serve to direct the output of the preference circuit for the lowest seven keys to the frequency-divider system normally used for the pedal tone signals.
- FIGURE 1 is a block diagram of a system according to the invention.
- FIGURE 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of the system of FIGURE 1.
- FIGURE 2 is a partially-schematic, partially-block diagram illustrating the preferred embodiment of a brass-register keying system according to the present invention.
- Tone-signal sources C C 1? A 3, B represent four of the lowest full-octave of tone generators in an exemplary organ and may be the lowest stages of a series of flip-flop frequency dividers having each a master oscillator in a high range.
- Conventional organ tone signals may be derived from the sources mentioned via key switches 2, 4, 6, 8, respectively, by actuating keys 10, 12, 14, 16, respectively. Assuming these derived signals to be at 8' pitch and 8' collector 18 directs them via lead 20 to an 8 tone-color filter 22, which, preferably, is one of several tone-color filters (not shown) connected at 24. Desired 'voices may be selected as at switch 26 for amplification and conversion to sound in conventional amplifier 28 and londspeaker(s) 30.
- the range of the keyboard is preferably extended into a lower octave (down to F by additional keys 17 labeled B A li F ti, F which respectively actuate key switches 32, 34 42, 44 having connections via 12K resistors, as R to points labelled B A 1? F 3, F
- a lead 50 extending from the lower end of the R string directs signals keyed via the switches 32 to 44 to a Zero-crossing detector circuit 52, comprising a 2N2926 transistor 53 and other components as indicated on the drawing.
- a second 2N2926 amplifier stage 54 is coupled at its input to the zero-crossing detector 52 and feeds into a flip-flop divider 56, the output of which is filtered in the 8 filter 22 for amplification and conversion to sound along with the signals collected in the collector 18.
- Pedal tone signals may be derived from the same sources C C li. .that supply the accompaniment manual. They preferably are obtained one at a time via pedal keys, such as at 58 and 60, actuating key switches, as at 62 and 64 and via a Munch-type preference network P comprising a series string of resistors, as at R and branch resistors, as at R
- the output from the preference network may be directed via a lead 74 t the lower contact 76 of a double-throw switch 78, the selector arm of which is coupled to a second zero-crossing detector circuit 80 comprising a 2N2926 transistor 82 and its associated components.
- a second 2N2926 transistor amplifier stage 84 couples the zerocrossing detector 80 to a series pair of flip-flop frequency dividers 86, 88, which drop the frequency of the pedal signals to an 8' level via divider 86 and to a 16' level via both dividers 86, 88.
- the 8 signals are fed as shown via an 8' tone-color filter 90 and stop switch 92 to the output system comprising amplifier 28 and speaker 30.
- the 16 signal output of divider 88 is passed to the output system via 16 tone-color filter 94 and stop switch 96. Additional pedal voices may be obtained, if desired, by connecting additional filters (not shown) and stop switches (not shown) to leads 98 and 100.
- preference circuitry is incorporated according to the invention into the lowest full octave C to B (employing keys, as at 10 to 16).
- This third preference clrcuit is comprised of a series string of resistors, as at R with branch resistors, as at R through which signals from sources C and C t, for example, are derived via auxiliary key switches, as at 110, 112, which are actuated concurrently with key switches 2, 4, respectively, by keys 10, 12.
- a plurality of square wave tone generators is connected in parallel between ground and s parate points of a resistive string.
- the output impedances of the generators may be substantially equal to the impedances between adjacent points of a string. Assuming the generators to be of decreasing frequency progressively in proceeding from one end to the other of the resistive string, and that the latter end is the output end, the several generators meet different impedances in proceeding to the output end, so that the tone signal of lower frequency is always of greater amplitude.
- the sum of adjacent tone signals can then be shown to have adjacent zero crossings at times established by the periods of the lower frequency tone signals only, with successive crossings of opposite slopes.
- the zero crossings can be used to generate square waves, which can control output tone generators, in the form of flip-flops. Zero crossings are controlled by the higher amplitude square waves, regardless of relative frequencies, so that the system can be designed to prefer higher frequencies or lower, as desired.
- a string of series resistances R have junctions which are connected through key switches, as 2, 4, 6, 8 and shunt resistances R to tone generators.
- the resistance R proceeds to the base of transistor 82, of PNP type, having a collector load 150, an emitter resistance to ground 151, which is connected back to positive supply terminal 152 via resistance 153, and a base-toground resistance 154.
- a capacitor 155 couples the emitter of transistor 82 to its base, providing RF bypass, to prevent detection of nearby radio stations.
- the resistances 150-154, and the voltage employed at 152, are such that only zero-crossings are selected, i.e., transistor 82 operates over a small range of voltages above and below which it saturates.
- Coupling capacitor 156 then couples zero-crossing square waves to amplifier stage 84. The latter applies these to flip-flop 86, which provides a division by two, in square wave frequency.
- the square waves applied to flip-flop 86 have rises and falls occurring at the zero crossings of the array of signals which may be simultaneously present at the output of the resistance network composed of resistances R R and these correspond in frequency with the lowermost frequency applied to the network from the square Wave tone generators.
- the term preference network may then be employed to describe the resistance network alone, the term preference system to describe the network plus its associated square wave forming transistor 82, and the term preference selection device to describe the transistor circuit 82. Without the latter, no selection can be attained of a single square wave at the frequency of the lowermost signal applied to the preference network.
- an octave of key switches 110, 112 normally calling forth tones of low pitch (C -B is associated with seven key switches 32-44 normally calling forth tones of still lower pitch (F B Together, the keys involved may be the lowermost nineteen keys of the accompaniment division of an electric organ.
- the octave of keys is identified by reference numerals 10-16, and the additional seven keys by the reference numerals 17.
- the octave of keys 10-16, and the seven keys 17, are associated with the same octave of tone oscillators 19, but with two separate preference networks P and'P Additional pedal keys 58, 60, etc. are provided. These also call forth tones C -C from the same array of tone oscillators 19 plus additional tone oscillators, as required,
- the pedal keys are provided with a preference network P
- P P P there are thus three preference networks P P but only two preference selectors and amplifiers 53, 54, and
- switch 78 when switch 78 is in its lower position, only a note an octave below the root of the chord called forth by keys 17 is sounded, and only a note one octave, or two octaves, via flip-flops 86, 88, below the root note called forth by the pedal keys.
- the keys 10, 12 16 then sound all notes called forth, in normal pitch via lead 20, and preference network P is disabled.
- contact 114 is connected to preference selector and amplifier 82, 84.
- Playing a chord on keys 10, 12 16, causes the chord to be sounded, via key switches 2-8, but in addition, the preference network P and selector 80 select the lowest note of the chord for division in flip-flops 86, 88. If a key 17 is additionally actuated, its note is selected by preference network P and divided by flip-flop 56. In addition, the selected note is fed back via lead 122 and the selected key switch of switches 116, 118, etc., and lead 120 to selector 80, where it pre-empts any signal provided by preference network P At the same time a signal provided by preference network P cannot proceed to flip-flop 56, at suflicient level to operate the latter, because it must proceed via at least the lowest R resistance, as Well as via resistance 124.
- signal proceeding from amplifier 54 is at high level, due to amplification, and therefore pre-empts signal from P It follows that signal can proceed from amplifier 54, to selector 80, and can there pre-empt any signal provided by preference network P but that signal from P cannot proceed to flipflop 56 when one of the keys 17 is actuated. 7
- At least one pedal signal filter coupled between said pedal divider system and said output system
- a first preference network operatively associated with said second plurality of manual key switches
- first circuit means for selectively coupling said first preference network to said pedal divider system
- a third plurality of manual key switches for extending the range for said keyboard and coupled respectively to at least some of said sources
- fourth circuit means coupling said second terminals to said manual divider system, said fourth circuit means including an isolating impedance allowing signals from said second preference network to pass via said third plurality of manual key switches and said third and said first circuit means to said pedal divider system.
- pedal key switches are selectively coupled to said pedal divider system through a third preference network.
- a manual signal tone coloring system coupled to said key-switching system
- circuit means coupling said manual signal divider to said manual tone coloring system
- a pedal tone coloring system coupled between said pedal signal divider and said output system
- an auxiliary bass-register key-switching system operable concurrently with said pitch-extending key-switching system for connecting said pitch-extending keyswitching system and said preference system to selectively direct signals therefrom through said pedal signal divider to said output system.
- bass-register key-switching system operable concurrently with at least part of said manual key-switching system
- a third preference network coupling said limited-range, bass-register key-switching system selectively to said pedal signal divider.
- a frequency divider system connected to said output circuit and providing a frequency divided note to said load system
- a tone output system connected to said array of tone oscillators selectively via first key switches of said accompaniment manual
- a preference system including a first selector for selecting only the lowest pitched one of said notes,
- circuitry connecting said array of tone oscillators selectively to said second preference network via said third key switches,
- An electric organ comprising a plurality of tone signal sources arranged in order of pitch according to a musical scale
- first key switches connected one for one with said tone signal sources for keying through selected ones of the tone signals
- pedal key switches connected one for one with said tone signal sources for keying through selected ones of the tone signals
- said switch means further including means for at will connecting said further preference network to said preference selector and concurrently disconnecting said first preference network from said preference selector.
- fourth key switches coupled operably one for one with said third key switches
- An electric organ system comprising a plurality of tone signal sources arranged in order of pitch according to a musical scale
- first key switches connected one for one with said tone signal sources for keying through selected ones of the tone signals
- third key switches connected one for one with certain of said tone signal sources for selectively keying through certain of said tone signal sources
- An electric organ system including a first plurality of keys of said organ system
- first means responsive to actuation of plural ones of said first plurality of keys for sounding a single note at least one octave below the note of lowest pitch called forth by said plural ones of said first plurality of keys
- said first means includes a first preference network
- said second means includes a second preference network
- said first and second means includes a common preference selector connected in cascade with said first and second preference networks.
- said second means includes a further preference selector connected in cascade with said second preference network between said second preference network and said common preference. selector.
- switch means connecting said outputs selectively to said input
- said last mentioned means being responsive only to actuation of any one or more of said second keys.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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- Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
Description
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US56435866A | 1966-07-11 | 1966-07-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3509262A true US3509262A (en) | 1970-04-28 |
Family
ID=24254148
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US564358A Expired - Lifetime US3509262A (en) | 1966-07-11 | 1966-07-11 | Bass register keying system employing preference networks |
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US (1) | US3509262A (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3764723A (en) * | 1971-03-16 | 1973-10-09 | Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg | Voltage-controlled single tone selector for use in electronic musical instrument |
US3766305A (en) * | 1972-07-17 | 1973-10-16 | Hammond Corp | D.c. keyed high low select preference system for polyphonic electrical musical instruments |
US3790693A (en) * | 1971-12-29 | 1974-02-05 | Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg | Tone keying and synthesizing system for electronic musical instrument |
US3898905A (en) * | 1974-03-04 | 1975-08-12 | Hammond Corp | Monophonic electronic musical instrument |
US3906830A (en) * | 1974-03-04 | 1975-09-23 | Hammond Corp | Monophonic electronic musical instrument |
US4016792A (en) * | 1974-03-04 | 1977-04-12 | Hammond Corporation | Monophonic electronic musical instrument |
US4182211A (en) * | 1977-09-21 | 1980-01-08 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Information transmission system |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2874286A (en) * | 1955-07-29 | 1959-02-17 | Estey Organ Corp | Preference network |
US3178500A (en) * | 1962-06-26 | 1965-04-13 | Warlitzer Company | Preference network |
-
1966
- 1966-07-11 US US564358A patent/US3509262A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2874286A (en) * | 1955-07-29 | 1959-02-17 | Estey Organ Corp | Preference network |
US3178500A (en) * | 1962-06-26 | 1965-04-13 | Warlitzer Company | Preference network |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3764723A (en) * | 1971-03-16 | 1973-10-09 | Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg | Voltage-controlled single tone selector for use in electronic musical instrument |
US3790693A (en) * | 1971-12-29 | 1974-02-05 | Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg | Tone keying and synthesizing system for electronic musical instrument |
US3766305A (en) * | 1972-07-17 | 1973-10-16 | Hammond Corp | D.c. keyed high low select preference system for polyphonic electrical musical instruments |
US3898905A (en) * | 1974-03-04 | 1975-08-12 | Hammond Corp | Monophonic electronic musical instrument |
US3906830A (en) * | 1974-03-04 | 1975-09-23 | Hammond Corp | Monophonic electronic musical instrument |
US4016792A (en) * | 1974-03-04 | 1977-04-12 | Hammond Corporation | Monophonic electronic musical instrument |
US4182211A (en) * | 1977-09-21 | 1980-01-08 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Information transmission system |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GENERAL ELECTRIC CREDIT CORPORATION, A NY CORP., C Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BPO ACQUISITION CORP., A DE CORP;REEL/FRAME:004297/0802 Effective date: 19840615 Owner name: SECURITY PACIFIC BUSINESS CREDIT INC., 10089 WILLO Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BPO ACQUISITION CORP. A CORP OF DE;REEL/FRAME:004298/0001 Effective date: 19840615 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BPO ACQUISITION CORP., 180 GILBERT AVE., CINCINNAT Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:D.H. BALDWIN COMPANY AN OH CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004385/0934 Effective date: 19840615 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BALDWIN PIANO & ORGAN COMPANY Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:BPO ACQUISTION CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004473/0501 Effective date: 19840612 |