US3508842A - Apparatus for improving axial velocity profile of axial flow fans - Google Patents

Apparatus for improving axial velocity profile of axial flow fans Download PDF

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US3508842A
US3508842A US765803A US3508842DA US3508842A US 3508842 A US3508842 A US 3508842A US 765803 A US765803 A US 765803A US 3508842D A US3508842D A US 3508842DA US 3508842 A US3508842 A US 3508842A
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Prior art keywords
fan
wheel
axial
velocity profile
hub
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Expired - Lifetime
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US765803A
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Ronald J Lievens
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Trane US Inc
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Trane Co
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Assigned to TRANE COMPANY, THE reassignment TRANE COMPANY, THE MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). DELAWARE, EFFECTIVE FEB. 24, 1984 Assignors: A-S CAPITAL INC. A CORP OF DE
Assigned to TRANE COMPANY THE reassignment TRANE COMPANY THE MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE 12/1/83 WISCONSIN Assignors: A-S CAPITAL INC., A CORP OF DE (CHANGED TO), TRANE COMPANY THE, A CORP OF WI (INTO)
Assigned to AMERICAN STANDARD INC., A CORP OF DE reassignment AMERICAN STANDARD INC., A CORP OF DE MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE 12/28/84 DELAWARE Assignors: A-S SALEM INC., A CORP. OF DE (MERGED INTO), TRANE COMPANY, THE
Assigned to A-S CAPITAL INC., A CORP OF DE reassignment A-S CAPITAL INC., A CORP OF DE MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TRANE COMPANY THE A WI CORP
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/68—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
    • F04D29/681—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/325—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow fans
    • F04D29/329—Details of the hub
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/68—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
    • F04D29/681—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/684—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps by fluid injection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S415/00—Rotary kinetic fluid motors or pumps
    • Y10S415/914—Device to control boundary layer

Definitions

  • This invention relates to fans and more particularly to a propeller fan having an improved axial velocity profile.
  • Fans of the prior art move a gaseous fluid, for example air, in a direction parallel with the rotational axis of the fan blades.
  • a gaseous fluid for example air
  • a high velocity is obtained at the periphery of the rotating blades.
  • the velocity decreases measuring radially inward, reaching a minimum at the point of connection between the blade and fan wheel. It is desirable to maintain a substantially constant axial velocity as measured radially inward, thus improving the total performance of a given fan.
  • This invention therefor provides a fan which is mounted for rotational motion and which includes a wheel having a front portion and an outer portion, blades having a base portion attached to the wheel, and means for rotatably driving this wheel.
  • the improvement in the fan comprises a nozzle positioned at the outer, front portion of the wheel.
  • the nozzle has an opening positioned to direct fluid flowing from the opening across the outer surface of the fan wheel and toward the base portion of the blades.
  • the nozzle also has means for supplying it with the fluid as the fan rotates.
  • FIGURE 1 is a side elevational view of a propeller fan embodying the nozzle of the instant invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a front elevational view of the fan of FIGURE 1.
  • FIGURE 3 is a velocity profile typical of propeller fans of the prior art.
  • FIGURE 4 is a velocity profile typical of that obtained when the nozzle of the instant invention is utilized.
  • fan wheel 2 is attached to drive member 4 via bolts 6.
  • Drive member 4 is inte gral with motor shaft 5.
  • the motor 7 can be any suitable driving means for rotating the shaft 5 about its axis.
  • an electric motor in direct drive relationship to shaft 5.
  • Blades 8 are attached to the fan wheel 2.
  • the fan wheel 2 contains machined, cast or molded channels 3 therein. Channels 3 run from the front to the back of the fan wheel.
  • the fan wheel and blades are positioned concentrically within housing 9 by mounting means (not shown).
  • reentrant hub 10 Removably attached to the front portion of fan wheel 3,508,842 Patented Apr. 28, 1970 2 is reentrant hub 10.
  • the term front portion refers to the part of the wheel upstream of the blades.
  • the reentrant hub is removably attached to the fan wheel by a threaded portion 11.
  • the reentrant hub has a channel 14 therein communicating with the wheel channels 3.
  • the reentrant hub has a circular peripheral cross secton when the section is taken across the hub axis.
  • the reentrant hub overlaps a portion of the wheel 3 at 12 and is spaced from the wheel to form nozzles 13.
  • the nozzle of course is a toroidally shaped channel.
  • the nozzles 13 are communicating with the channel 14.
  • FIGURE 3 is a representation of the axial velocity of air or other fluid as it passes across the fan blades measured from a, the surface of the fan wheel, to b, the periphery of the blade. As it can be seen, the axial velocity is low at a and high at b.
  • FIGURE 4 shows the improvement in axial velocity radially outward from the fan wheel when the nozzle or reentrant hub of this invention is employed.
  • the reentrant hub of this invention eliminates undesirable axial velocity profiles. As a result, fans using this concept have greatly increased performance. It is to be understood that the concept of this invention is applicable to all axial flow fans, including vane-axial and propeller fans, although only a unitary embodiment of the invention has been disclosed in the detail. Elimination of the undesirable velocity also decreases sound level.
  • a fan mounted for rotational motion including a wheel having a front portion and an outer portion, blades having a base portion attached to said wheel and a means for rotatably driving said wheel, wherein the improvement comprises:
  • a nozzle means positioned at the outer, front portion of said wheel, said nozzle having an opening positioned to direct fluid flowing from said opening substantially tangentially across the outer surface of said wheel, and toward the said base portion of said blades, the nozzle means comprising a hub having a rear portion which axially overlaps in a spaced relationship the said front portion of the said wheel, the said rear portion of said hub and said wheel forming a nozzle around the front portion of said wheel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Description

Apnl 28, 1970 R. J. LIEVENS 3,508,842
APPARATUS FOR IMPROVING AXIAL VELOCITY PROFILE OF AXIAL FLOW FANS Filed Oct. 8. 1968 INVEN'TOR. RONALD J. LIEVENS TORNEY United States Patent US. Cl. 416-93 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A fan having a novel hub attached to the fan wheel which directs induced air in a near axial direction across the fan wheel improves the axial velocity profile.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to fans and more particularly to a propeller fan having an improved axial velocity profile.
Fans of the prior art move a gaseous fluid, for example air, in a direction parallel with the rotational axis of the fan blades. In many axial flow fans a high velocity is obtained at the periphery of the rotating blades. The velocity decreases measuring radially inward, reaching a minimum at the point of connection between the blade and fan wheel. It is desirable to maintain a substantially constant axial velocity as measured radially inward, thus improving the total performance of a given fan.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention therefor provides a fan which is mounted for rotational motion and which includes a wheel having a front portion and an outer portion, blades having a base portion attached to the wheel, and means for rotatably driving this wheel. The improvement in the fan comprises a nozzle positioned at the outer, front portion of the wheel. The nozzle has an opening positioned to direct fluid flowing from the opening across the outer surface of the fan wheel and toward the base portion of the blades. The nozzle also has means for supplying it with the fluid as the fan rotates.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIGURE 1 is a side elevational view of a propeller fan embodying the nozzle of the instant invention.
FIGURE 2 is a front elevational view of the fan of FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 3 is a velocity profile typical of propeller fans of the prior art.
FIGURE 4 is a velocity profile typical of that obtained when the nozzle of the instant invention is utilized.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to FIGURES 1 and 2, fan wheel 2 is attached to drive member 4 via bolts 6. Drive member 4 is inte gral with motor shaft 5. The motor 7 can be any suitable driving means for rotating the shaft 5 about its axis. For example, an electric motor in direct drive relationship to shaft 5.
Blades 8 are attached to the fan wheel 2. The fan wheel 2 contains machined, cast or molded channels 3 therein. Channels 3 run from the front to the back of the fan wheel. The fan wheel and blades are positioned concentrically within housing 9 by mounting means (not shown).
Removably attached to the front portion of fan wheel 3,508,842 Patented Apr. 28, 1970 2 is reentrant hub 10. The term front portion refers to the part of the wheel upstream of the blades. In the embodiment shown in the figures the reentrant hub is removably attached to the fan wheel by a threaded portion 11. The reentrant hub has a channel 14 therein communicating with the wheel channels 3. In this embodiment the reentrant hub has a circular peripheral cross secton when the section is taken across the hub axis. The reentrant hub overlaps a portion of the wheel 3 at 12 and is spaced from the wheel to form nozzles 13. In the embodiment of FIGURE 1, the nozzle of course is a toroidally shaped channel. The nozzles 13 are communicating with the channel 14.
As the fan rotates, air or other fluid is drawn through the fan blades toward the rear portion of the fan wheel and past the motor 7. As the air is drawn through the fan, a higher air pressure is built up at 15 then exists at 16. This higher pressure at 15 causes air to enter channels 3 from the rear, travel to the front of the fan wheel and enter channel 14. From channel 14 the air or other fluid passes through the annularly shaped channel 13 across the outer surface of the fan wheel, thus wiping the outer surface of the fan wheel and the lower portion of the fan blade. This induced air flow greatly increases the axial velocity of the air flow as measured radially outward from the axis of rotation.
FIGURE 3 is a representation of the axial velocity of air or other fluid as it passes across the fan blades measured from a, the surface of the fan wheel, to b, the periphery of the blade. As it can be seen, the axial velocity is low at a and high at b. FIGURE 4 shows the improvement in axial velocity radially outward from the fan wheel when the nozzle or reentrant hub of this invention is employed.
The reentrant hub of this invention eliminates undesirable axial velocity profiles. As a result, fans using this concept have greatly increased performance. It is to be understood that the concept of this invention is applicable to all axial flow fans, including vane-axial and propeller fans, although only a unitary embodiment of the invention has been disclosed in the detail. Elimination of the undesirable velocity also decreases sound level.
What is claimed is:
1. A fan mounted for rotational motion including a wheel having a front portion and an outer portion, blades having a base portion attached to said wheel and a means for rotatably driving said wheel, wherein the improvement comprises:
(a) a nozzle means positioned at the outer, front portion of said wheel, said nozzle having an opening positioned to direct fluid flowing from said opening substantially tangentially across the outer surface of said wheel, and toward the said base portion of said blades, the nozzle means comprising a hub having a rear portion which axially overlaps in a spaced relationship the said front portion of the said wheel, the said rear portion of said hub and said wheel forming a nozzle around the front portion of said wheel.
(b) supply means for supplying said nozzles with fluid when said fan is rotating, the said hub having a passage communicating with said supply means.
2. The fan of claim 1 wherein the said nozzle is attached to said wheel.
3. The fan of claim 1 wherein the said nozzle is attached to a portion of said drive shaft extending beyond the front portion of said wheel.
4. The fan of claim 1 wherein said hub has a substantially parabolic cross-section in plane in which the axis of said hub lies.
3 4 5. The fan of claim 1 wherein said supply means com- FOREIGN PATENTS prisgs (11131115518 in saig whgel fixtiil'ltdiflg from saiil flung 969,292 5/1950 France por 1on o e rear 0 sa1 w ee 0 commumca e W1 586,565 3/1947 Great B ritai n.
a high pressure fluid source.
References Cited 5 HENRY F. RA DUAZO, Primary Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS US. 01. X.R. 1,851,513 3/1932 Holmstrom 170-156 41553416245 2,808,197 10/1957 Forgo 230-120 2,084,462 6/1937 Stalker 230 120 10
US765803A 1968-10-08 1968-10-08 Apparatus for improving axial velocity profile of axial flow fans Expired - Lifetime US3508842A (en)

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4019829A (en) * 1974-08-22 1977-04-26 Klein, Schanzlin & Becker Aktiengesellschaft Centrifugal pump with inducer
US4116171A (en) * 1975-11-11 1978-09-26 Motoren-Und Turbinen-Union Friedrichshafen Gmbh Cooling device for an internal combustion engine
US4150919A (en) * 1977-06-10 1979-04-24 Wallace Murray Corporation Radiator cooling fan construction
US4341503A (en) * 1979-04-14 1982-07-27 Flux-Gerate Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Pump for fluid media
EP0077039A2 (en) * 1981-10-12 1983-04-20 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Fan blade structure
WO2005091469A1 (en) * 2004-03-22 2005-09-29 L.C. Hoffman International Corporation Miniature electrical motor and blower
GB2426792A (en) * 2005-04-01 2006-12-06 David Richard Hopkins Fan with conical hub
US20070247009A1 (en) * 2006-04-20 2007-10-25 Leslie Hoffman Motor blower unit
US20140186169A1 (en) * 2011-09-14 2014-07-03 Roger L. Bottomfield Turbine Cap For Turbo-Molecular Pump
US20140271174A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Roger L. Bottomfield Turbine Cap for Turbo-Molecular Pump
WO2015000676A1 (en) * 2013-07-05 2015-01-08 Ebm-Papst St. Georgen Gmbh & Co. Kg Hub expansion element for a fan
US9481448B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2016-11-01 Rolls-Royce Corporation Aerodynamic fairings secondarily attached to nosecone
CN112814927A (en) * 2019-11-18 2021-05-18 致扬科技股份有限公司 Turbo molecular pump and dustproof rotor element thereof
US11274671B2 (en) 2011-09-14 2022-03-15 Roger L. Bottomfield Turbine cap for turbo-molecular pump

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1851513A (en) * 1929-05-17 1932-03-29 Holmstrom Axel Aircraft and watercraft construction
US2084462A (en) * 1933-06-05 1937-06-22 Edward A Stalker Compressor
GB586565A (en) * 1942-03-25 1947-03-24 Karl Baumann Improvements in or relating to internal combustion turbine plant
FR969292A (en) * 1948-07-09 1950-12-18 Matemine Sa System of openings to improve the flow around the hub of a fan propeller
US2808197A (en) * 1955-12-27 1957-10-01 Licencia Talalmanyokat Fan assembly

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1851513A (en) * 1929-05-17 1932-03-29 Holmstrom Axel Aircraft and watercraft construction
US2084462A (en) * 1933-06-05 1937-06-22 Edward A Stalker Compressor
GB586565A (en) * 1942-03-25 1947-03-24 Karl Baumann Improvements in or relating to internal combustion turbine plant
FR969292A (en) * 1948-07-09 1950-12-18 Matemine Sa System of openings to improve the flow around the hub of a fan propeller
US2808197A (en) * 1955-12-27 1957-10-01 Licencia Talalmanyokat Fan assembly

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4019829A (en) * 1974-08-22 1977-04-26 Klein, Schanzlin & Becker Aktiengesellschaft Centrifugal pump with inducer
US4116171A (en) * 1975-11-11 1978-09-26 Motoren-Und Turbinen-Union Friedrichshafen Gmbh Cooling device for an internal combustion engine
US4150919A (en) * 1977-06-10 1979-04-24 Wallace Murray Corporation Radiator cooling fan construction
US4341503A (en) * 1979-04-14 1982-07-27 Flux-Gerate Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Pump for fluid media
EP0077039A2 (en) * 1981-10-12 1983-04-20 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Fan blade structure
EP0077039A3 (en) * 1981-10-12 1983-10-05 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Fan blade structure
WO2005091469A1 (en) * 2004-03-22 2005-09-29 L.C. Hoffman International Corporation Miniature electrical motor and blower
GB2426792B (en) * 2005-04-01 2007-06-27 David Richard Hopkins A design to increase and smoothly improve the throughput of fluid (air or gas) through the inlet fan (or fans) of an aero-engine system
GB2426792A (en) * 2005-04-01 2006-12-06 David Richard Hopkins Fan with conical hub
US20070247009A1 (en) * 2006-04-20 2007-10-25 Leslie Hoffman Motor blower unit
US8427020B2 (en) 2006-04-20 2013-04-23 Carefusion 212, Llc Blower assembly with integral injection molded suspension mount
US20140186169A1 (en) * 2011-09-14 2014-07-03 Roger L. Bottomfield Turbine Cap For Turbo-Molecular Pump
US9512848B2 (en) * 2011-09-14 2016-12-06 Texas Capital Semiconductor, Inc. Turbine cap for turbo-molecular pump
US11274671B2 (en) 2011-09-14 2022-03-15 Roger L. Bottomfield Turbine cap for turbo-molecular pump
US9481448B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2016-11-01 Rolls-Royce Corporation Aerodynamic fairings secondarily attached to nosecone
US20140271174A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Roger L. Bottomfield Turbine Cap for Turbo-Molecular Pump
US9512853B2 (en) * 2013-03-14 2016-12-06 Texas Capital Semiconductor, Inc. Turbine cap for turbo-molecular pump
WO2015000676A1 (en) * 2013-07-05 2015-01-08 Ebm-Papst St. Georgen Gmbh & Co. Kg Hub expansion element for a fan
CN112814927A (en) * 2019-11-18 2021-05-18 致扬科技股份有限公司 Turbo molecular pump and dustproof rotor element thereof

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