US3508408A - Supporting cushions - Google Patents

Supporting cushions Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3508408A
US3508408A US745916A US3508408DA US3508408A US 3508408 A US3508408 A US 3508408A US 745916 A US745916 A US 745916A US 3508408D A US3508408D A US 3508408DA US 3508408 A US3508408 A US 3508408A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cushion
cords
plies
longitudinal
ply
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US745916A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Daniel Lejeune
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
Original Assignee
Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA filed Critical Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3508408A publication Critical patent/US3508408A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D22/00—Producing hollow articles
    • B29D22/02—Inflatable articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/0028—Reinforcements comprising mineral fibres, e.g. glass or carbon fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/0042—Reinforcements made of synthetic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/02—Carcasses
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
    • E21D11/157—Laggings making use of fluid cushions, e.g. the fluid containing a hardenable material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
    • E21D15/14—Telescopic props
    • E21D15/44—Hydraulic, pneumatic, or hydraulic-pneumatic props
    • E21D15/445—Hydraulic, pneumatic, or hydraulic-pneumatic props comprising a fluid cushion
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
    • E21D15/48—Chocks or the like
    • E21D15/486—Chocks or the like with essential hydraulic or pneumatic details
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
    • E21D23/0004—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor along the working face
    • E21D23/0017—Pile type supports
    • E21D23/003—Pile type supports consisting of a rigid pile
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material

Definitions

  • a pneumatic cushion for shoring up the roof of a coal mine or the like has two plies of oblique reinforcingl textile cords extending helically therearound, the cords being wound in opposite senses.
  • the cords form an angle with the longitudinal axis of the cushion greater than 54 and preferably about 70.
  • An additional ply of longitudinal metallic cords is provided at the lower surface of the cushion.
  • the present invention relates to improvements in pneumatic supporting cushions intended to support, in cooperation with a wooden or metallic framework, the roof of underground galleries.
  • An object of the present invention is to remedy the disadvantages outlined above and to give supporting cushions such a structure that their resistance against bending increases in the desired direction under the effect of pressure.
  • the longitudinal direction of a pneumatic supporting cushion is that direction which is intended to run perpendicularly to the frames serving as supports of the cushions in the gallery; i.e., the direction parallel to the gallery.
  • the cushions have an oblong shape and the longitudinal direction is the direction of the largest dimension.
  • the upper surface of a cushion is understood to be the surface intended to be in contact with the roof of the gallery, while the lower surface, consequently, is the opposite surface, resting on the frames.
  • a pneumatic supporting cushion in accordance with the invention is characterized by a reinforcement cornprising plies of cords or wires which are continuous from one side of the cushion to the other.
  • the cords of one ply are crossed with respect to those of the following one, and the cords of both plies form with the longitudinal direction of the cushion an acute angle greater than 54; for example, ranging from 60 to 85, and preferably close to 70.
  • the cushion is further characterized, on its lower surface, by a ply of wires or cords which run parallel to the longitudinal direction or form a small angle with it.
  • the lower surface of the cushion has a tendency to elongate, whereby the ply of longitudinal wires or cords is put under tension.
  • the greater the pressure exerted the greater becomes the tension of the longitudinal wires.
  • the difference in rigidity between the upper and lower surfaces results in that the cushion, when it is inflated, assumes a curved shape, the upper surface having a greater elongation than the lower in a longitudinal direction.
  • the reinforcement comprises an even number of plies of wires or cords wound helically around the longitudinal axis of the cushion, one of the pairs in one direction, the other one of the pairs in the other direction, in addition to the ply or plies of longitudinal wires.
  • the cushion in that case has the shape of an elongated hexagon two sides of which form the longitudinal edges of the cushion and the other four sides of which, two at each longitudinal end, are parallel to the oblique wires of the reinforcing plies. In this arrangement it is sufficient to reinforce the longitudinal edges of the cushion.
  • the two triangles forming the longitudinal ends of the cushion have a tendency to assume an almost perpendicular position with respect to the lower surface.
  • the cords of the reinforcing plies arranged obliquely consist of some comparatively elastic material, or are rendered elastic by cabling so that they can extend considerably and bacilitate the longitudinal elongation of the upper surface of the cushion.
  • the longitudinal cords of the reinforcement consist preferably of some material that is rigid and has high tensile strength, and they have only a limited ability to extend.
  • the combined use of textile and metal wires, i.e., extensible together with practically inextensible wires or cords, enables one to obtain an upper cushion surface which is remarkably pliable while the lower surface is rigid.
  • the various plies are relatively widely spaced apart from one another in the lower surface, and in contrast thereto, are relatively close to one another in the upper surface of the cushion so that an increased rigidity differential is obtained in the two surfaces.
  • FIGURE 2 is a cross section on a larger scale and in greater detail through line 2n-2, looking in the direction of the arrows, of the cushion in accordance with FIGURE 1A;
  • FIGURE 3 is a plan view of one of the plies of oblique wires of the cushion in FIGURES 1A, 1B, and 2, the other plies and the elastomer being omitted for clarity;
  • FIGURE 4 is a plan view of the ply in FIGURE 3 before folding
  • FIGURE 5 is a plan view of the ply of longitudinal cords of the cushion in accordance with the invention, the other plies and the elastomer being omitted for clarity;
  • FIGURE 6 is a plan view of -one of the reinforcing plies of a cushion end in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGURE 7 is a plan view of the ply in FIGURE 6 prior to folding
  • FIGURE 8 is an elevation of a cushion according to the invention, inated and bearing a load in the middle;
  • FIGURE 9 is a view analogous to FIGURE 8 showing the cushion inated but without load.
  • FIGURE 1A shows a cushion 10 made of rubber, of elongated hexagonal shape as seen from a position above the upper surface.
  • FIGURE 1B shows the same cushion not inflated, with its upper surface 11 and an inflating valve 13 and a safety valve 14 on its lower surface 12.
  • the length of the cushion ranges from 1800 mm. to 2500 mm., its width from 800 mm. to 900 mm.
  • FIGURE 2 is a cross section of the structure of the cushion 10.
  • the reinforcement of the cushion comprises, furthermore, a ply of longitudinal metal wires 25 about at mid-distance from the textile reinforcement and the lower surface 12.
  • the plies 20, 21 and 25 are imbedded in the rubber forming the cushion.
  • FIGURE 3 shows one of the plies 20 or 21 in the form it assumes in the cushion 10.
  • the angle alpha of the textile cords 30 ranges from 56 to 85 and is close to 75 in the figure.
  • the pitch P i.e., the distance between the connecting lines 32 in the upper or the lower surface
  • FIGURE 4 shows the
  • the cords 30, the edges 32 which will form the connecting lines, and folding lines 33, which form the sides of the completed cushion, are all visible.
  • the winding pitch P is thel 20 and 21. They are arranged in a manner whereby the same angle alpha is formed with the longitudinal direction, at least in the part 72 which is not folded back.
  • FIGURES 8 and 9 respectively show the cushion 10 loaded and unloaded.
  • Application of a load, for example the rock 15, on the upper surface 11 changes the form of the lower surface 12.
  • the latter curved concavely when the upper surface is not loaded, becomes plane and stretched due to the load 15.
  • a pneumatic supporting cushion for mounting on spaced-apart support members and shoring up the roof of a mine or the like, said cushion having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a longitudinal axis extending between said support members and comprising at least two plies of oblique reinforcing cords extending continuously from one of said surfaces to the other, the cords of one ply being crossed with respect to the cords of the other ply and t-he cords of each ply forming with the longitudinal direction of the cushion an angle greater than 54, and an additional ply of cords on said lower surface, the cords of said additional ply extending in a substantially longitudinal direction, so that said upper surface is better adapted to conform to an irregular surface than is said lower surface and said lower surface is more resistant to elongation than is said upper surface.
  • a cushion according to claim 1 wherein said plies of oblique cords are
  • a cushion according to claim 1 wherein said cushion has the shape of an elongated hexagon having two elongated longitudinal edges, the other four sides being two by two respectively parallel to said oblique cords.
  • a cushion according to claim 5 further comprising supplementary plies reinforcing said other four sides.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
US745916A 1967-07-20 1968-07-18 Supporting cushions Expired - Lifetime US3508408A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR115076A FR1537947A (fr) 1967-07-20 1967-07-20 Perfectionnements aux coussins de soutènement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3508408A true US3508408A (en) 1970-04-28

Family

ID=8635488

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US745916A Expired - Lifetime US3508408A (en) 1967-07-20 1968-07-18 Supporting cushions

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3508408A (en:Method)
JP (1) JPS4812603B1 (en:Method)
BE (1) BE718147A (en:Method)
DE (1) DE1758677B1 (en:Method)
ES (1) ES153032Y (en:Method)
FR (1) FR1537947A (en:Method)
GB (1) GB1236417A (en:Method)
LU (1) LU56544A1 (en:Method)
NL (1) NL152061B (en:Method)
SE (1) SE339203B (en:Method)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3978675A (en) * 1974-01-29 1976-09-07 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Mine roof support equipment
US5615979A (en) * 1995-08-14 1997-04-01 Lin; Fen-Fen Mine support bag
AU703711B2 (en) * 1995-08-14 1999-04-01 Fen-Fen Lin Mine support bag

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5928689B2 (ja) * 1978-03-03 1984-07-14 株式会社ブリヂストン 円筒胴を受衝面とする空気式防げん材
DE3040354C2 (de) * 1980-10-25 1983-11-03 Klöckner-Becorit GmbH, 4620 Castrop-Rauxel Messerschild für den voläufigen Ausbau eines Streckenortes
FR2499462A1 (fr) * 1981-02-06 1982-08-13 Marchal Et Cie Ets Coussin gonflable, notamment, pour la reparation des pneus et son procede de fabrication
GB2354021A (en) * 1999-09-11 2001-03-14 Richard Smalley Airbag brace for shoring a grave

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US705176A (en) * 1900-05-04 1902-07-22 India Rubber Company Vehicle-wheel.
DE1094216B (de) * 1957-08-09 1960-12-08 Hoelter H Streckenabschirmung aus elastischem Werkstoff
US2985214A (en) * 1957-09-18 1961-05-23 Pirelli Pneumatic tires
US2990166A (en) * 1957-08-29 1961-06-27 Myles A Walsh Mining method
GB876872A (en) * 1957-06-29 1961-09-06 Eickhoff Geb Improvements in or relating to face supports for mines
DE1118120B (de) * 1956-04-25 1961-11-30 Karl Balthasar Dipl Ing Vollautomatischer Strebwanderausbau mit Stuetzelementen aus elastischen, gas- oder fluessigkeitsgefuellten, kissenartigen Gummi- oder Kunststoffkoerpern
FR1448299A (fr) * 1965-06-24 1966-08-05 Michelin & Cie Coussins de soutènement

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1459136A (fr) * 1965-09-27 1966-04-29 Michelin & Cie Perfectionnements aux coussins de soutènement

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US705176A (en) * 1900-05-04 1902-07-22 India Rubber Company Vehicle-wheel.
DE1118120B (de) * 1956-04-25 1961-11-30 Karl Balthasar Dipl Ing Vollautomatischer Strebwanderausbau mit Stuetzelementen aus elastischen, gas- oder fluessigkeitsgefuellten, kissenartigen Gummi- oder Kunststoffkoerpern
GB876872A (en) * 1957-06-29 1961-09-06 Eickhoff Geb Improvements in or relating to face supports for mines
DE1094216B (de) * 1957-08-09 1960-12-08 Hoelter H Streckenabschirmung aus elastischem Werkstoff
US2990166A (en) * 1957-08-29 1961-06-27 Myles A Walsh Mining method
US2985214A (en) * 1957-09-18 1961-05-23 Pirelli Pneumatic tires
FR1448299A (fr) * 1965-06-24 1966-08-05 Michelin & Cie Coussins de soutènement

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3978675A (en) * 1974-01-29 1976-09-07 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Mine roof support equipment
US5615979A (en) * 1995-08-14 1997-04-01 Lin; Fen-Fen Mine support bag
AU703711B2 (en) * 1995-08-14 1999-04-01 Fen-Fen Lin Mine support bag

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6810020A (en:Method) 1969-01-22
NL152061B (nl) 1977-01-17
LU56544A1 (en:Method) 1969-05-21
GB1236417A (en) 1971-06-23
FR1537947A (fr) 1968-08-30
ES153032U (es) 1970-01-01
JPS4812603B1 (en:Method) 1973-04-21
BE718147A (en:Method) 1969-01-17
SE339203B (en:Method) 1971-10-04
DE1758677B1 (de) 1971-02-18
ES153032Y (es) 1970-10-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5735083A (en) Braided airbeam structure
US3953640A (en) Self-shaping woven inflatable belt and method of production
US3667625A (en) Dunnage device
US5677023A (en) Reinforced fabric inflatable tube
US3508408A (en) Supporting cushions
US2895525A (en) Pneumatic tire
US5421128A (en) Curved, inflated, tubular beam
US3481386A (en) Pneumatic vehicle tire
US3126042A (en) Figure
US2497596A (en) Tent
US3538957A (en) Three-dimensional woven fabric
AU757292B2 (en) Improved temporary surface covering
US4407347A (en) Pneumatic tire
ITMI950369A1 (it) Pneumatico con fascia di cintura rinforzata
ES2186325T3 (es) Cinta tejida inflable.
US3577879A (en) Floating barrier means
US3481424A (en) Surface effect machine skirt structure
JPH0624532A (ja) 管状コンベヤー用コンベヤーベルト
GB1459463A (en) Moving handrails
AU3965393A (en) Oil boom and hose for tensioning the same
US2191374A (en) Collapsible pneumatic structure
CA2366098C (en) Pneumatic couch
US4067544A (en) Pneumatic flat pads
SE430350B (sv) Lastportrida
US3608250A (en) Inflatable structural members