US3507607A - Quick drying lewis-acid and basic polymer modified polyolefin yarn - Google Patents

Quick drying lewis-acid and basic polymer modified polyolefin yarn Download PDF

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US3507607A
US3507607A US635453A US3507607DA US3507607A US 3507607 A US3507607 A US 3507607A US 635453 A US635453 A US 635453A US 3507607D A US3507607D A US 3507607DA US 3507607 A US3507607 A US 3507607A
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Prior art keywords
yarn
carpet
drying
samples
owf
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US635453A
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English (en)
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Jack N Gray
Robert J Clarkson
Robert Miller
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Uniroyal Chemical Co Inc
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Uniroyal Inc
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Assigned to UNIROYAL CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC., WORLD HEADQUARTERS, MIDDLEBURY, CT. 06749, A CORP. OF NEW JERSEY reassignment UNIROYAL CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC., WORLD HEADQUARTERS, MIDDLEBURY, CT. 06749, A CORP. OF NEW JERSEY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: UNIROYAL, INC., A NEW YORK CORP.
Assigned to UNIROYAL CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC. reassignment UNIROYAL CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: UNIROYAL, INC., A NJ CORP.
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/79—Polyolefins
    • D06P3/791—Polyolefins using acid dyes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
    • D06P5/20—Physical treatments affecting dyeing, e.g. ultrasonic or electric
    • D06P5/2066—Thermic treatments of textile materials
    • D06P5/2072—Thermic treatments of textile materials before dyeing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
    • Y10S8/92—Synthetic fiber dyeing
    • Y10S8/928—Polyolefin fiber

Definitions

  • This invention is directed to a method of preventing the regression in dyeability of polyolefin fibers which contain a nitrogen-containing dye receptor and dyeing adjuvants which are capable of being partially removed by solubilization in water.
  • polyolefin yarn may be made more susceptible to dyeing by activation with a number of dyeing adjuvants.
  • the present invention is directed to polyolefin fibers containing ingredients which may be activated, or made more dye receptive by treatment with a reactant, such as a Lewis acid.
  • the activated fibers may be prepared, for example, in accordance with the process described in application Ser. No. 375,328, filed June 15, 1964, and are characterized by the use of between about 0.5% and 10% of a thermoplastic nitrogen-containing basic dye receptor, such as atactic polyvinyl pyridine, blended with a monoalphaolefin polymer. About 3% of atactic polyvinyl pyridine was used in preparing the blends used inthe following experiments.
  • Activation may be carried out by placing moist yarns in a sulfur dioxide atmosphere for a predetermined time at ambient temperatures.
  • a major problem has been that activated polyolefin yarn has not been uniform in dyeability. The variability was especially apparent where activated, continuous filament yarn was woven, tufted or otherwise formed into a carpet and dyed. Often a streaked carpet resulted, even after a preselection of yarns of matched dyeability was made; and such preselection is time-consuming and expensive.
  • Curve A indicates the preferred limits of time and temperature within which drying must be completed in order to avoid regression. That is, points below curve A are desirable time-temperature combinations, and points above curve A should be avoided.
  • curve A of the figure defines the limit of the preferred ranges of time and temperature at which the yarn is maintained prior to drying.
  • the combinations of time and temperature under curve A are preferred. Regression increases, and dyeability becomes poorer, as the distance above the curve increases.
  • the yarn must be dried to less than 3% water on the weight of the fiber (3% OWF).
  • the yarn is dried to less than 2% OWF.
  • the normal moisture regain, from 0% moisture content, for sulfur dioxide-activated polyolefin fiber is approximately 0.6% OWF at 65% relative humidity.
  • the preferred moisture content for the yarn is between about 0.6 and 2% OWF at 65% relative humidity.
  • Drying may be carried out either by using a high air How and relatively low temperatures, for instance ambient temperatures of 60-80 F., or by using low air flow and high temperatures.
  • Maximum drying temperatures depend on the dyeing adjuvant used with the polyolefin. The maximum drying temperature is just below the decomposition temperature of the particular dyeing adjuvant employed, otherwise the yarn may start to discolor. Sulfur dioxide-activated polyolefin fiber should not be heated above about 250 to 260 F.
  • the maximum moisture that yarn can hold prior to drying is a function of the yarn texturization and may be as highas 300% OWF.
  • Texturized yarns retain substantially more water than untexturized yarns, which usually do not hold much over 100% OWF.
  • the minimum amount of water needed during the activation of the yarn to achieve uniform activation to the depth desired is about 9 to 10% OWF.
  • the average moisture levels run higher,about 120% OWF for texturized yarn, in order to assure a uniform distribution of a minimum amount of water in any section of the yarn. However, any amount of water on the yarn in excess of about 3% OWF will cause regression if not removed within the prescribe time period.
  • Any suitable technique may be used for removing water from the yarn including the following. Drying may be carried out continuously or batch-wise. Air at high velocity, centrifugation, etc., may be used to mechanically remove most of the water as a liquid with the remainder being evaporated off. A high temperature air flow may be used to evaporate the water. Any heating source, including infra red devices, laser beams or any other such device, may be used. Dielectric heating may be used to dry the yarn very rapidly by employing the water as the conducting medium so that once the water is removed the current ceases to flow through the yarn. A yarn that is loose, forinstance, through having been permitted to fall freely, or piddle, into a can, may be backwound through an oven. A combination of techniques, in which the yarn passes over a beater bar, which removes the excess water,
  • a yarn may be placed in a can so that air can be blown through the yarn
  • Example I This experiment demonstrates that uneven drying is the cause of regression.
  • Carpet B The second sample of yarn was sealed in a polyethylene bag at 90 F. for,48 hours after activa- ..tion. The yarn was then removed from the polyethylene bag, and wound into a number of one pound packages. Some packages were retained to form carpet E below and the remainder immediately tufted into a carpet. The carpet was immediately dyed using a dye bath similar ,to that used with carpet A. The resulting carpet was lighter in color than. carpet A, about 20% lighter, by visual examination. 7 p Carpet C: The third sample of yarn was sealed in a polyethylene bagat 80--90 F. for 120 hours after activation. The yarn was then removed from the bag, and wound into a number of one pound packages.
  • carpet F Some packages were retained to form carpet F below, and the remainder were immediately tufted into a carpet.
  • the carpet was immediately dyed according to the procedure used for carpet A.
  • carpet C was lighter in color than both carpets A and B, and contained some white spots where no dyeing was apparent.
  • Carpet D was made from the same yarns as carpet A, except that the packages were stored (or lagged).under ambient conditions (60-80% relative humidity at 80- F.) for 72 hours after winding. The packages were then tufted into a carpet and dyed according to the same procedure as used with carpet A. The resulting carpet was lighter than carpet A and showed a chevron effect indicating variation in dyeability of the yarn from the in- 'side portion to the outside portion of the package.
  • Carpet E was made from the same yarns as carpet B except that the packages were stored under ambient conditions for 72 hours after winding. The packages were then tufted to form a carpet and dyed according to the procedure of carpet A. Upon visual inspection, the carpet was about 60% lighter than carpet B and exhibited a chevron effect similar to that of carpet D.
  • Carpet F was made from the same packages as carpet C except that the packages were stored under ambient conditions for 72 hours after winding. The packages were then tufted into a carpet and dyed according to the procedure used for carpet A. Upon visual examination, th carpet F appeared to be the same as'carpet C. v
  • the dyeability is maximum if the yarns are dried at ambient temperatures within about four hours after activation, as is carpet A.
  • the dyeability decreases with time before drying reachinga minimum between 48 and hours as may be seen from the fact that carpet F is the same as carpet C, even though the yarn used to form carpet'F had been exposed to non-uniform drying conditions by being wound into and maintainedin package form after the tufting of carpet C.
  • the cell was inserted into the'sample holder of a prior to packaging is not affected by nonuniform drying model D-1 Color-Eye colorimeter made by the Instruonthe package. ment Development Laboratories, Inc.
  • Example II strument consisted of a structure defining an optical path This example demonstrates that moisture content is the predominant feature causing regression.
  • Sample 2 was soaked in Water at 75-80 F. for 60 hours, then dyed in the same manner as Sample 1.
  • Sample 3 was pre-scoured with ammonium hydroxide and then soaked in water at ambient temperatures for 60 hours, and then dyed in the same manner as Sample 1.
  • Sample 4 was pre-scoured With hot water containing no ammonium hydroxide, and then dyed in the same manner as Sample 1.
  • Yarns were removed from each of the. samples and to shorter lengths about & to inch long, with some particles resembling powder.
  • the ground sample was placed into a sample holder made up of 1) an externally threaded annulus of metal having an internal lip and being about "1 /2 inches in diameter, (2) an optically fiat, glass lens disposed inside the annulus'and retained by the lip, (3) a circular metal slug disposed in 'the'annulus and being about /2 inch thick and slightly smaller-than the internal diameter of the annulus and (4) a threaded follower adapted to engage the external threads on'the annulus and urge the metal slug towards the glass lens.
  • the ground sample was uniformly distributed between the glass and the metal slug.
  • the amount of sample used was sufficient to provide at least a millimeter thickness in the holder, which is an infinite thickness as far as light I between a light source and a standard of known reflectance placed in a definite spaced relationship with a sample of unknown reflectance and in an opening at a particular position on the exterior of a small, about 6 inch, sphere.
  • the light reflected from the standard and the light reflected from the sample were made alternately to fall on a photo-multiplier tube in rapid succession, and continuously during the measurement, by means of a flicker mechanism.
  • An electronic system measured the percentage difference between the reflected light from the sample and standard.
  • the colorimeter was calibrated to give a direct reading of the difference in percentage reflectance between the standard and the sample. Provision is made in the instrument for inserting into the optical path one of 19 filters of mutually different transrnission wave lengths. Sixteen of the filters pass narrow band wave lengths at 20 millimicron intervals from 400 to 700 millirnicrons. The other three filters are the wellknown X, Y and Z filters of known wave lengths, used in tristimulus systems.
  • Reflectance readings were taken with the X, Y and Z filters, and the filter corresponding to the predominant wave length of the sample, successively disposed in the optical path.
  • the numerical readings were adjusted to CIE (International Committee on Illumination) values by a mathematical computation compensating for the known variables.
  • the Y filter reading [Y(CIE)] corresponds to Munsclls Value, or C.I.E. Luminosity, or Hunter Lightness, and indicates the darkness or lightness of the sample without regard to color, that is, without regard to hue or chroma (Color-Eye Instruction Manual, 1963 Edition, p. 18).
  • the reflectance values so obtained are relative to one another and are used herein only to compare competitively dyed samples, that is samples dyed simultaneously in one dye bath. Additional data may be required to obtain absolute values for comparing samples prepared at diflerent times and under different conditions.
  • Example III This example demonstrates the criticality of the time of and temperature at which the samples were exposed to water.
  • a polypropylene fiber containing 3% OWF of atactic polyvinyl pyridine was melt-spun, drawn and texturized by methods common to the art into a continuous yarn of 4000 denier having 156 filaments (4000/ 156 bulk).
  • the yarn was activated with sulfur dioxide by placing the moist yarn in a sulfur dioxide atmosphere for a predetermined time.
  • the yarn was dried and knitted into a 30 foot long tube about 6" in diameter.
  • the knitted tube was cut into twenty 9" segments. Each segment was then exposed to an aqueous environment for a series of particular times and particular temperatures. The environmental temperatures were 80 F., 125 F., 175 F., and 212 F.
  • the aqueous environment consisted of one gallon stainless steel containers about three-quarters full of water and regulated within plus or minus 3 F. throughout the trial. Five samples were placed in each of the baths at the same time and samples were removed at predetermined intervals. The first sample was removed at the end of 1 minute. Successive samples were removed after 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 4 hours.
  • samples were removed from the aqueous bath, they were centrifuged immediately for about seconds to reduce the moisture level to less than 10% OWF water. The samples were then further dried for about fifteen minutes in a forced hot air oven at 240 F.
  • the dye bath contained 0.1% of Anthraquinone Blue Sky (C.I. No. 62105). Also, 0.15% Triton X-100 OWF and 3% formic acid OWF were added to the dye bath as is common in the art. The samples were maintained at a rolling boil for 45 minutes during dyeing.
  • the dried samples were pre-scoured in a dye bath with 1% OWF Triton X-100 and 3% OWF soda ash, then dyed in common and post-scoured for minutes at 160 F. in a solution similar to that used for the pre-scour.
  • the holding of the samples in a controlled moisture environment and drying quickly at the end of a predetermined period can be said to be equivalent to drying at a constant rate for the predetermined period and is susceptible to more delicate control than is an air drying method where control of air volume is required in order to achieve drying in a predetermined time.
  • the critical point is that, to avoid regression, the moisture content of the yarn must be reduced to less than 3% CW within a required time for a given temperature.
  • Example IV This example demonstrates the criticality of final moisture content.
  • Yarn was prepared as in Example III and knitted into a six inch tube. The knitted fabric was cut into six samples about six inches long.
  • Example III The results are shown below in Table 4.
  • the samples were also evaluated by textile color experts. It was determined that the samples containing 3% OWF or less of water regressed little or not at all. Those containing 4% OWF or more water regressed to a greater extent.
  • a method for rendering yarn comprising a blend of a polyolefin and between about 0.5% and 10% .of a basic polymer dye receptor uniformly dyeable with anionic dyes, which method comprises: activating said yarn by contacting it with a Lewis acid or Lewis acid generating material of sufficient concentration to reaction with said basic polymer dye receptor contained therein to form a reaction product, and then drying said yarn at a temperature and within a time after activation shown at or below curve A in FIG. 1 to a moisture content below about 3% on the weight of the fiber.

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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
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US635453A 1967-05-02 1967-05-02 Quick drying lewis-acid and basic polymer modified polyolefin yarn Expired - Lifetime US3507607A (en)

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US (1) US3507607A (en:Method)
BE (1) BE714421A (en:Method)
BR (1) BR6898563D0 (en:Method)
FR (1) FR1561758A (en:Method)
LU (1) LU55988A1 (en:Method)
NL (1) NL6805628A (en:Method)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3361843A (en) * 1964-06-15 1968-01-02 Uniroyal Inc Method of dyeing a blend of a polyolefin and a nitrogen containing polymer by using a dyebath containing lewis acids

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3361843A (en) * 1964-06-15 1968-01-02 Uniroyal Inc Method of dyeing a blend of a polyolefin and a nitrogen containing polymer by using a dyebath containing lewis acids

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BR6898563D0 (pt) 1973-01-09
FR1561758A (en:Method) 1969-03-28
BE714421A (en:Method) 1968-10-29
LU55988A1 (en:Method) 1969-11-14
NL6805628A (en:Method) 1968-11-04

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AS Assignment

Owner name: UNIROYAL CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC., WORLD HEADQUARTER

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:UNIROYAL, INC., A NEW YORK CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004488/0204

Effective date: 19851027

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Owner name: UNIROYAL CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC., WORLD HEADQUARTER

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. EFFECTIVE DATE OCTOBER 27, 1985.;ASSIGNOR:UNIROYAL, INC., A NJ CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004754/0186

Effective date: 19870130