US3502473A - Photographic elements containing a synthetic surface active material and inert particles - Google Patents

Photographic elements containing a synthetic surface active material and inert particles Download PDF

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US3502473A
US3502473A US453509A US3502473DA US3502473A US 3502473 A US3502473 A US 3502473A US 453509 A US453509 A US 453509A US 3502473D A US3502473D A US 3502473DA US 3502473 A US3502473 A US 3502473A
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photographic
surface active
silver halide
particles
active material
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Raymond Snellman
George D Hill
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/95—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers rendered opaque or writable, e.g. with inert particulate additives
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/151—Matting or other surface reflectivity altering material

Definitions

  • Photographic elements which contain layers containing a synthetic surface active material in which there is an acid function and a substituted amino group, such as the sodium salt of N-oleyl-N-methyl taurine, and inert particles, such as silica, barium sulfate, polymeric particles and the like, which have a particular particle .size range provide desired properties for very rapid access processing.
  • a synthetic surface active material in which there is an acid function and a substituted amino group, such as the sodium salt of N-oleyl-N-methyl taurine
  • inert particles such as silica, barium sulfate, polymeric particles and the like, which have a particular particle .size range provide desired properties for very rapid access processing.
  • This invention relates to novel photographic elements. In one of its aspects, this invention relates to novel photographic elements suitable for rapid access photographic recording. In another of its aspects, this invention relates to photographic silver halide emulsion layers which give good photographic images when developed quickly at high temperatures.
  • Rapid access processing can be accomplished by moving a strip of photographic recording medium through a magazine at high speed past a spot of light which moves in accordance with the signal to be measured. As soon as the recording medium moves past the light spot, the photographic emulsion is wetted within a thin film of a high speed alkaline processing solution which is almost immediately dried as the recording medium passes over a hot platen. The dried, developed record emerges from the magazine within a very short time, for example, one second or less. Since only a thin film of developing solution is applied to the recording medium, it is necessary that the developing solution spread evenly over the surface of the recording medium to obtain uniform development.
  • the emulsion layer it is necessary for the emulsion layer to pick up a suflicient amount of developer solution quickly in order to ensure complete development, although excess developer pick up must be avoided so that the emulsion layer will dry quickly. It is evident that a photographic element which can be employed in rapid access processing procedures and which can be evenly developed and dried quickly will substantially enhance the art.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a photographic element that can be processed rapidly and evenly at high temperatures.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide a photographic element comprising a flexible support and a 3,502,473 Patented Mar. 24, 1970 'ice hardened photographic silver halide layer that can be processed rapidly and evenly.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide a photographic element comprising a hardened silver halide gelatin emulsion layer containing a unique combination of ingredients which element can be processed rapidly and evenly.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide a photographic element comprising a flexible support, a hardened photographic silver halide gelatin emulsion layer, a surface active material and solid inert particles having a certain average particle size.
  • a photographic element which comprises a flexible support, a hardened protographic silver halide emulsion layer containing a synthetic surface active material and inert particles having a certain particle size in at least one layer which is no farther from the support than the emulsion layer, all as described herein.
  • surface active materials have been incorporated into photographic elements, particularly into photographic silver halide emulsion layers of such elements in the past. These surface active materials, sometimes called surfactants or spreading agents, are classified as anionic, cationic or nonionic, depending upon whether or not they ionize and if so, depending upon whether the anion or cation is surface active. It could not have been expected that only a particular class of surface active materials, as described herein, could be employed in the preparation of photographic elements which could be processed uniformly and rapidly at high temperatures.
  • Example 3 that follows, other classes of surface active materials as exemplified by the naturally occurring surface active material saponin or a synthetic surface active material such as the sodium salt of an alkyl substituted aryloxy alkylene ether sulfonate, do not give the desired results when used in combination with the inert particles in the photographic elements described herein.
  • Example 4 which follows, the inert particles present in the photographic elements must have a particular average particle size in order to achieve the desired results.
  • the surface active materials employed in the practice of this invention are synthetic surface active materials which contain both an acid function and a substituted amino group.
  • the nitrogen atom in the substituted amino group is bonded directly to all adjoining atoms by covalent bonds, i.e., there is a sharing of electrons rather than a transfer of electrons, as in an electrovalent bond.
  • the acid function of the surface active agent can be present as the free acid or in the salt form, as for example, an alkali metal, ammonium or organic amine salt.
  • the preferred class of synthetic surface active materials contain an acid function which is a carboxyl (COOH) or sulfo (SO H) group or salt thereof and only one substituted amino nitrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom beta to the acid function.
  • Such synthetic surface active materials are ionic and include, for example, substituted amino alkyl sulfonic acids and salts having the formula:
  • R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, desirably containing 11 to 18 carbon atoms and R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, preferably an alkyl radical of l to 4 carbon atoms or phenyl or cycloalkyl and M is a cation, preferably one contributing to water solubility of the surface active material.
  • Suitable cations include hydrogen, an alkali metal, ammonium, an organic amine, or the like.
  • Suitable R radicals include, for example, undecyl, dodecyl, pentadecyl, heptadecyl, while R is examplified by radicals such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, phenyl, cyclohexyl, and the like.
  • M include hydrogen, sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium or organic amine cations such as triethyl amine, tn'ethanol amine, morpholine, piperidine, and the like.
  • N-oleyl-N-methyl taurine N-myristoyl-N- methyl taurine, N-stearoyl-N-methyl taurine, N-palmitoyl- N-methyl taurine, N-lauroyl-N-methyl taurine, N-myristoyl-N-butyl taurine, N-ricinoleyl-N-methyl taurine, and the like.
  • These compounds are often employed in the form of their alkali metal salts, particularly sodium, although the free acid or other salt form can be used if desired.
  • Synthetic surface active materials of this type are described in US. Patent 2,739,891, issued Mar. 27, 1956.
  • R in each formula represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group of 8 to 20 carbon atoms, as exemplified by octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl and octadecyl;
  • M is a cation such as hydrogen or ammonium, an alkali metal such as sodium, potassium, lithium, or an organic amine cation such as diethanolamine, triethylamine, morpholine or piperidine, and the like.
  • Suitable synthetic surface active materials of this type include sodium-N-dodecyl-fl-amino propionate, N-decyl-fl-aminopropionic acid, potassium-N- tetradecyl-fi-aminopropionate, sodium-N-hexadecyl-fl-aminopropionate, sodium-N-octadecyl B aminopropionate, monosodium salt of N-dodecyl-fl-aminodipropionate and disodium-N-octadecyl-fi-aminodipropionate.
  • Suitable R groups include, for example, undecyl, dodecyl, pentadecyl, heptadecyl, and M is a cation, preferably one which contributes to water solubility.
  • Suitable cations include hydrogen, an alkali metal such as sodium, potassium or lithium, ammonium, an organic amine cation such as diethanol amine, morpholine or piperidine.
  • Examples of such compounds include N-lauroyl-N-carboxymethyl glycine, N-oleoyl-N-carboxymethyl glycine, N-dodecyloxybenzoyl-N-carboxymethyl glycine, N-(2,4- di-tertiary-amyl phenoxy acetyl)-N-carboxymethyl glycine, N-stearoyliminodiacetic acid, N-stearoyliminodipropionic acid, N-myristoyliminodiacetic acid, N-pahnitoylirninodiacetic acid and the like.
  • these compounds are often used in the form of their alkali metal salt or other salt forms.
  • the synthetic surface active materials employed in the practice of this invention can be incorporated into one or more layers of the photographic element using any method suitable for this purpose.
  • the surface active materials can be added to aqueous dispersions of photographic silver halide in gelatin or other colloids, and coated.
  • the surface active materials are employed in the photographic silver halide layer or layers in concentrations in the range of about 3 to about 50', preferably about 5 to about 20 mg. per square foot of support.
  • the surface active materials can also be incorporated into layers other than a photographic silver halide emulsion layer, for example, in an antiabrasion layer, backing layer or interlayer. When this is done, it is generally desirable to use about the same concentration of surface active material as is used in the photographic emulsion layer.
  • the inert particles employed in the practice of this invention are water insoluble, solid particles and have an average size within a particular range.
  • the inert particles have a diameter in the range of about 7 to about 15 microns, preferably about 8 to about 12 microns.
  • no more than about 5%, by weight, preferably less than about 3%, by weight, of the particles have a diameter in excess of 20 microns.
  • the size of the inert, discrete particles employed in practicing this invention can be readily determined by conventional procedures employed in the prior art for this purpose.
  • the inert particles employed in the practice of this invention include any of the water insoluble particulate organic or inorganic compounds which can be used to provide the photographic element with the required surface characteristics.
  • suitable inert particles include starch, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose ethers such as ethyl cellulose, synthetic resins such as polymeric esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid, as exemplified by poly methyl methocrylate, polyvinyl resins such as polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonates, homo and copolymers of styrene, inorganic oxides such as zinc oxides, silica glass, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide, as well as hardened gelatin grains, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate and the like.
  • the discrete particles can be incorporated into one or more layers on an emulsion side surface of a support in a photographic element. These particles are incorporated into at least one layer which is no farther from the support than the emulsion layer, i.e., they are incorporated in the photographic silver halide emulsion layer and/or a layer lying between said emulsion layer and the support.
  • the inert particles can also be put into both the photographic silver halide emulsion layer and an adjacent layer.
  • inert particles are incorporated into a layer between the photographic silver halide emulsion layer and the support
  • smaller particles e.g., particles having an average diameter in the range of about 2 to about 5 microns, can be employed in the emulsion layer to give an additional improvement in the uniformity of development.
  • the solid inert particles are incorporated into the. photographic element of this invention using any method which will achieve uniform dispersion of the particles in one or more layers of the element.
  • the inert particles are not light sensitive and can be dispersed directly in a photographic silver halide coating solution or they can be dispersed in an aqueous solution or dispersion of the silver halide binding agent, which solution is mixed with a photographic silver halide emulsion prior to coating the latter to form a light sensitive layer.
  • the solid inert particles are present in the photographic element in concentrations in the range of about 20 to about 150, preferably about 30 to about mg./ft. of support.
  • colloids can be used as vehicles or binding agents in the photographic elements of this invention.
  • agents include gelatin, or other colloidal materials such as colloidal albumin, cellulose derivatives, synthetic resins such as polyvinyl compounds, acrylamide polymers or the like. It is often advantageous to employ combinations of binding agents. Suitable combinations include mixtures of gelatin with aqueous dispersions of polymerized ethylenically unsaturated compounds.
  • the binding agents, particularly gelatin are usually coated at coverages in the range of about 250 to about 1000, preferably about 400 mg. to about 700 mg./ft. of support.
  • the silver halides employed in the preparation of the light sensitive coatings described herein include any of the photographic silver halides, as exemplified by silver bromide, silver iodide, silver chloride or mixed silver halides such as silver chlorobromide or silver bromoiodide. These photographic silver halides can be coated at silver coverages of about 30 to about 50, preferably 45 to about 90 mg./ft. of support.
  • the photographic silver halide and other layers of the photographic elements can be hardened, i.e., made less soluble and more resistant to warm aqueous solutions, using any of the hardeners suitable for this purpose.
  • Compounds which are often used in the photographic field for this purpose are hardeners such as aldehyde hardeners, aziridine hardeners, hardeners which are derivatives of dioxane, oxypolysaccharides such as oxy-starch, or oxy plant gums and other types of hardeners for gelatin and hydrophilic colloids.
  • Typical flexible supports include those generally employed for photographic elements such as cellulose nitrate film, cellulose acetate film, polyvinyl acetal film, polystyrene film, polyethylene terephthalate film and related films or resinous materials as well as very thin glass film, paper, and the like.
  • Supports such as paper which are partially acetylated or coated with baryta or an ot-olefin polymer, particularly a polymer of an w-olefin containing 2-10 carbon atoms as exemplified by polyethylene, polyproylene, ethylene butene copolymers and the like, can also be employed.
  • the photographic elements of this invention can contain certain addenda in one or more layers to aid in even more uniform development.
  • organic diols particularly alkane diols
  • Suitable diols which can be employed include the aliphatic and cycloaliphatic diols in which the carbon chain is straight, branched, or cyclic.
  • the alkane diols employed preferably contain at least 4 carbon atoms and the hydroxyls are separated by at least 3 carbon atoms.
  • Suitable alkane diols are exemplified by 1,5-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2- methyl-2,4-pentanediol and related compounds, as described in Milton US. Patent 2,960,404.
  • Particularly effective are the cycloalkane diols such as 2,5-norbornane diol and 2,6-norbornane diol which can be prepared as described in Bruson US. Patent 2,385,788 or Caldwell US. Patent 2,968,646.
  • These compounds are generally employed in the photographic elements of this invention in concentrations in the range of about 0.5 mg. or about 20 mg., preferably about 1.5 mg. to about mg./ft. of support. It has also been found that the photographic elements of this invention can be processed at a faster rate if the photographic silver halide layers contain silver halide emulsion sensitizers containing at least one onium salt group. Such sensitizers generally contain one or more onium salt groups which are quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium and/ or ternary sulfonium salt groups.
  • the polyonium salts contain an onium salt group selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium and ternary sulfonium salt groups, linked through the onium atom by at least one bivalent organic radical to the onium group of another onium salt group selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium and ternary sulfonium salt groups.
  • onium salts examples include sulfonium lauryl triethyl ammonium perchlorate, nonyl dimethyl sulfonium-p-toluene sulfonate, n-decyltriethyl-phosphonium-p-toluene sulfonate, ethylene bis oxymethyl triethyl phosphonium chloride, ethylene bis oxymethyl-u-picolynium perchlorate, tetramethylene.
  • the synthetic surface active agents already described it is also very desirable to have certain other surface active agents present in one or more layers of the photographic element.
  • These added materials are salts of maleopimaric acid and can be used in the photographic silver halide emulsion layer and/or in one or more layers over said layer as well as layers lying between the emulsion layer and the support.
  • the maleopimarates are described in US. Patent 2,823,123 and are exemplified by the alkali metal salts of maleopimaric acid. Suitable alkali metals are sodium, potassium and the like.
  • the maleopimarates are coated at concentrations in the range of about 1 to about 500 mg./ft. of support.
  • the photgraphic elements of this invention can also contain additional addenda, particularly those known to be beneficial in one or more layers of a photographic ele ment.
  • these elements can contain stabilizers or antifoggants such as organic azoles, metal salts such as cadmium, lead, mercury, gold, or other noble metal salts, spectral sensitizers such as the cyanines, merocyanines, complex(tn'nuclear)cyanines, complex(trinuclear)mer0cyanines, styryls, hemicyanines, speed increasing materials, gelatin hardeners, plasticizers and the like.
  • the photographic silver halide emulsions can also be chemically sensitized with compounds of the sulfur group, noble metal salts such as gold or reduction sensitized with reducing agents or combinations of such materials.
  • EXAMPLE 1 The photographic elements of this invention which contain a combination of a surface active material and inert solid particles, as described herein, can be processed uniformly and rapidly at high temperatures.
  • a paper support is coated with agelatin layer (350 rng./ft. containing silica particles having an average diameter of 10 microns with no more than 5%, by weight, of the particles having an average diameter greater than 20 microns (65 mg./ft. and sodium salt of N-oleyl-N- methyl taurine (6.8 mg./ft.
  • a silver bromoiodide gelatin emulsion layer 63 mg. silver and mg. gelatin/ft?) hardened with formaldehyde (8.5 mg./ft. and containing sodium salt of N-oleyl-N- methyl taurine (3.3 mg./ft.
  • a sample of the emulsion coated paper is exposed on an oscillograph and processed at 25 inches per second with a platen temperature of 250 C. using a rapid processing surface application drum processor of the type described in U.S. Patent 3,088,824, such as a Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Model 5-036 Datarite Magazine Processor.
  • the coating exhibits good evenness in development and has a run out of over 40 feet.
  • Run out is the number of feet of paper which can be run through a processor of this type before the paper goes wet, i.e., too much developer is picked up for the hot platen to dry in the short time available.
  • Example 2 The procedures of Example 1 are repeated using coatings in which the sodium salt of N-oleyl-N-methyl taurine is replaced by the sodium salt of N-myristoyl-N-methyl taurine, N-myristoyl-N-butyl taurine, sodium-N-dodecyl B-amino propionate and sodium-N-myristoyl imino diacetate, respectively.
  • the coatings In each run the coatings have good evenness of development and run out beween 40 and 45 feet.
  • EXAMPLE 3 When a natural surface active material such as saponin or a synthetic surface active material such as sodium-ptert-octyl phenoxy ethoxy ethyl sulfonate is employed in the practice of this invention, very poor results are obtained. To illustrate, the procedures of Example 1 are repeated using coatings in which the sodium salt of N-oleyl-N-methyl taurine is replaced by saponin (3.6 rug/ft?) and sodium p-tert-octyl phenoxy ethoxy ethyl sulfonate (3.3 m./ft. Upon processing, the coatings have poor to fair evenness of development and a run out of only 21 to 30 feet, Le, a decrease of at least 25% in comparison to Example 1.
  • a natural surface active material such as saponin or a synthetic surface active material such as sodium-ptert-octyl phenoxy ethoxy ethyl sulfonate
  • EXAMPLE 4 Both organic and inorganic particles can be employed in the practice of this invention.
  • a series of coatings is made using the procedures of Example 1 with coatings in which the silica is replaced by other inert particles.
  • the particles have an average diameter in the range of about 7 to about 15 microns with no more than by weight, of the particles having an average diameter in excess of 20 microns.
  • the particles employed in the coatings are glass beads, barium sulfate, zinc oxide and poly methyl methacrylate beads, respectively. In each case, there is obtained the even development and good run out described in Example 1.
  • the desired results are not obtained if more than 5%, by weight, of the inert particles have an average diameter greater than 20 microns.
  • a repeat of the above procedures using particles, by weight of which have an average diameter greater than microns gives an excessive amount of developer pick-up and the coated papers do not dry in the short time available for processing.
  • the processed papers show excessive print out, i.e., the background areas turn dark.
  • coatings contain inert particles having an average diameter of about 5 microns there is insufficient development and the D of the processed print is low.
  • EXAMPLE 5 The photographic silver halide emulsion sensitizers containing at least one onium salt group can be used in the photographic elements of this invention to improve processing characteristics.
  • a series of coatings is made according to the procedures described in Example 1 except that N,N'-ethylene-di(oxymethyl pyridinium perchlorate) (0.54 -mg./ft. is added to the emulsion layer.
  • N,N'-ethylene-di(oxymethyl pyridinium perchlorate) (0.54 -mg./ft.
  • the rate of processing can be increased up to 10%, as shown by an increase in the number of ft./sec. of paper put through the hot drum processor.
  • N,N'-ethylene-di- (oxymethyl pyridinium perchlorate) is replaced with other onium salts such as 1,10-decamethylene-bis-triethyl ammonium perchlorate, bis(lauryl methyl sulfonium ptoluene sulfonate)-1,4-butane, n-nonyl-dimethyl sulfonium-p-toluene sulfonate or decyl pyridinum perchlorate.
  • onium salts containing only one onium group are used in practicing this invention they preferably contain a chain of at least 7 atoms attached to the onium group.
  • a photographic element comprising a flexible support, a hardened photographic silver halide emulsion layer containing a synthetic surface active material in which there is a carboxyl or sulfo group or salt thereof and a substituted amino group and, incorporated in at least one layer which is no farther from said support than said photographic silver halide layer, inert particles having an average diameter in the range of about 7 to about 15 microns with no more than about 5%, by weight, of said particles, having a diameter in excess of about 20 microns.
  • a photographic element comprising a flexible support, a hardened gelatin photographic silver halide emulsion layer containing a cationic synthetic surface active material in which there is a carboxyl or sulfo group or salt thereof and a substituted amino group and, incorporated in at least one layer which is no farther from said support than said photographic silver halide layer, inert particles having an average diameter in the range of about 7 to about 15 microns with no more than about 5%, by weight, of said particles having a diameter in excess of about 20 microns.
  • a photographic element comprising a flexible support, a hardened photographic silver halide emulsion layer containing a synthetic surface active material in which there is a carboxyl or sulfo group or salt thereof and a substituted amino group and inert particles having an average diameter in the range of about 7 to about 15 microns with no more than about 5%, by weight, of said particles having a diameter in excess of about 20 microns.
  • a photographic element comprising a flexible support, a hardened photographic silver halide emulsion layer containing a synthetic surface active material in which there is a carboxyl or sulfo group or salt thereof and a substituted amino group and, incorporated in at least one layer lying between said support and said photographic silver halide layer, inert particles having an average diameter in the range of about 7 to about 15 microns with no more than about 5%, by weight, of said particles having a diameter in excess of about 20 microns.
  • R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing 11 to 18 carbon atoms
  • R is a member selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals containing 1-4 carbon atoms, phenyl and cycloalkyl and M is a cation.
  • R in each of the above formulas, is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group of 8 to 20 carbon atoms and M is a cation.
  • R is a hydrocarbon radical of 11 to 17 carbon atoms
  • x is an integer of 1 to 2
  • M is a cation
  • a photographic element comprising a flexible support, a hardened photographic silver halide emulsion layer containing a surface active material having the formula:
  • R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing 11 to 18 carbon atoms
  • R is a member selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals containing 1-4 carbon atoms, phenyl and cycloalkyl
  • M is a cation and, incorporated in at least one layer which is no farther from said support than said photographic silver halide layer, inert particles of an inorganic oxide having an average diameter in the range of about 7 to about 15 microns with no more than about by weight, of said particles having a diameter in excess of about 20 microns.
  • a photographic element comprising a flexible support, a hardened photographic silver halide emulsion layer containing (1) a synthetic surface active material having the formula:
  • R is an alihatic hydrocarbon radical containing 11 to 18 carbon atoms
  • R is a member selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals containing 1-4 carbon atoms, phenyl and cycloalkyl and M is a cation
  • a photographic silver halide emulsion sensitizer containing at least one onium salt group and, incorporated in at least one layer which is no farther from said support than said photographic silver halide layer, silica particles having an average diameter in the range of about 7 to about 15 microns with no more than about 5%, by weight, of said particles having a diameter in excess of about 20 microns.
  • a photographic element comprising a flexible support, a hardened photographic silver halide emulsion layer containing (1) a synthetic surface active material in which there is a carboxyl or sulfo group or salt thereof and a substituted amino group and (2) a photographic silver halide emulsion sensitizer containing at least one onium salt group and, incorporated in at least one layer which is no farther from said support than said photographic silver halide layer, inert particles having an average diameter in the range of about 7 to about 15 microns with no more than about 5%, by weight, of said particles having a diameter in excess of about 20 microns.
  • a photographic element comprising a flexible support, a hardened photographic silver halide emulsion layer containing (1) a synthetic surface active material in which there is a carboxyl or sulfo group or salt thereof and a substituted amino group and (2) an alkali metal salt of maleopimaric acid and, incorporated in at least one layer which is no farther from said support than said photographic silver halide layer, inert particles having an average diameter in the range of about 7 to about 15 microns with no more than about 5 by Weight, of said particles having a diameter in excess of about 20 microns.
  • a photographic element comprising a paper support having a gelatino coating containing silica particles having an average diameter of about 10 microns with no more than 5%, by weight, of the particles having an average diameter greater than 20 microns and a sodium 'salt of N-oleyl-N-methyl taurine and, on said gelatino coating, a prehardened photographic silver halide emulsion layer containing N-oleyl-N-methyl taurine.
  • a photographic element as in claim 1 wherein the surface active material is selected from the group consisting of the sodium salts of N-oleyl-N-methyl taurine, N- myristoyl-N-butyl taurine, N-dodecyl-p-amino propionate and N-myristoyl imino diacetate.

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  • Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Nitrogen And Oxygen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms (AREA)
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US5541048A (en) * 1995-05-12 1996-07-30 Eastman Kodak Company Lubricant particles, method of preparation, and photographic elements
EP0789268A1 (en) 1996-02-12 1997-08-13 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element comprising an electrically-conductive layer
EP0803767A1 (en) 1996-04-22 1997-10-29 Eastman Kodak Company Aqueous coating compositions useful in the preparation of auxiliary layers of imaging elements
US5956555A (en) * 1998-07-27 1999-09-21 Eastman Kodak Company Fusing belt having polyurethane release layer
US6117611A (en) * 1998-12-14 2000-09-12 Konica Corporation Image forming method of a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material
US6153362A (en) * 1999-05-14 2000-11-28 Eastman Kodak Company Overcoat for reticulation control in photographic elements
US6165702A (en) * 1997-06-19 2000-12-26 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element containing polymer particles and lubricant
US6197482B1 (en) 1999-05-14 2001-03-06 Eastman Kodak Company Polymer overcoat for imaging elements
US6468339B1 (en) 2001-08-23 2002-10-22 Eastman Kodak Company Alumina filled gelatin
WO2005062123A1 (en) 2003-12-24 2005-07-07 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element having improved durability

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GB2140572B (en) * 1983-05-26 1986-06-18 Kodak Ltd Photographic dispersions
DE3709818A1 (de) * 1987-03-25 1988-10-06 Du Pont Deutschland Verfahren zur herstellung mattierter photographischer aufzeichnungsmaterialien
US5158863A (en) * 1989-01-17 1992-10-27 Eastman Kodak Company Methods of forming stable dispersions of photographic materials
US4990431A (en) * 1989-01-17 1991-02-05 Eastman Kodak Company Methods of forming stable dispersions of photographic materials
IT1232339B (it) * 1989-09-25 1992-01-28 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Elementi fotografici multistrato aventi una migliorata qualita' di stesa.
RU2153103C1 (ru) * 1998-12-17 2000-07-20 Елисеев Вячеслав Николаевич Струйная насосная установка

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US4142894A (en) * 1976-07-08 1979-03-06 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for forming images
US5529891A (en) * 1995-05-12 1996-06-25 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic element having improved scratch resistance
US5541048A (en) * 1995-05-12 1996-07-30 Eastman Kodak Company Lubricant particles, method of preparation, and photographic elements
EP0789268A1 (en) 1996-02-12 1997-08-13 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element comprising an electrically-conductive layer
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US6165702A (en) * 1997-06-19 2000-12-26 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element containing polymer particles and lubricant
US5956555A (en) * 1998-07-27 1999-09-21 Eastman Kodak Company Fusing belt having polyurethane release layer
US6117611A (en) * 1998-12-14 2000-09-12 Konica Corporation Image forming method of a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material
US6153362A (en) * 1999-05-14 2000-11-28 Eastman Kodak Company Overcoat for reticulation control in photographic elements
US6197482B1 (en) 1999-05-14 2001-03-06 Eastman Kodak Company Polymer overcoat for imaging elements
US6300045B2 (en) 1999-05-14 2001-10-09 Eastman Kodak Company Polymer overcoat for imaging elements
US6468339B1 (en) 2001-08-23 2002-10-22 Eastman Kodak Company Alumina filled gelatin
WO2005062123A1 (en) 2003-12-24 2005-07-07 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element having improved durability

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BE680537A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-10-17
GB1148178A (en) 1969-04-10
DE1547686A1 (de) 1969-11-20

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