US3497370A - Method and composition for making transparent paper - Google Patents
Method and composition for making transparent paper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3497370A US3497370A US582264A US3497370DA US3497370A US 3497370 A US3497370 A US 3497370A US 582264 A US582264 A US 582264A US 3497370D A US3497370D A US 3497370DA US 3497370 A US3497370 A US 3497370A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- transparent
- composition
- stearic acid
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- JTAXUBKTCAOMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietinol Natural products CC(C)C1=CC2C=CC3C(C)(CO)CCCC3(C)C2CC1 JTAXUBKTCAOMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- GQRUHVMVWNKUFW-LWYYNNOASA-N abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol Chemical compound OC[C@]1(C)CCC[C@]2(C)[C@@H](CCC(C(C)C)=C3)C3=CC[C@H]21 GQRUHVMVWNKUFW-LWYYNNOASA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229930001565 abietol Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAXBNTIAOJWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobiphenyl Chemical group ClC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 LAXBNTIAOJWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGUBCDYYAKENKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietinsaeure-aethylester Natural products C1CC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC3C(C(=O)OCC)(C)CCCC3(C)C21 AGUBCDYYAKENKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000972 Agathis dammara Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002871 Dammar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGUBCDYYAKENKG-YVNJGZBMSA-N Ethyl abietate Chemical compound C1CC(C(C)C)=CC2=CC[C@H]3[C@@](C(=O)OCC)(C)CCC[C@]3(C)[C@H]21 AGUBCDYYAKENKG-YVNJGZBMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019498 Walnut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-ONCXSQPRSA-N abietic acid Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-ONCXSQPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012261 resinous substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008170 walnut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
- D21H17/06—Alcohols; Phenols; Ethers; Aldehydes; Ketones; Acetals; Ketals
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
- D21H17/14—Carboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof
Definitions
- the paper is impregnated with a composition comprising about 90-91% by weight of paraffin oil, about 9-10% by weight of stearic acid and about 185-233% by weight of abietyl alcohol, wherein the percentages are based upon the total weight of paratfin oil and stearic acid.
- This invention relates to a method for making transparent paper and to a composition useful in the practice of the method.
- Transparent paper has been known for a long time and is particularly used for drawing paper, lampshade material, and photoreproduction papers for the production of, for example, diazo copies or the like.
- transparent paper in actual practice only paper which is absorbent can be used since it must absorb a composition which causes the transparency. Furthermore, it is important that when transparent paper is to be used, as drawing paper or photoreproduction paper, the paper must be very uniformly processed since lack of uniformity is further increased by the composition which is absorbed to make the paper transparent. Normal paper, because of its fibrous structure and the dispersion of light caused thereby, is only slightly transparent.
- a great drawback of transparent papers thus produced is that without application of additional layers, the papers are not suitable as underlayers for photosensitive coatings such as photographic silver halide gelatine emulsions, since on the more or less hydrophobic transparent papers the hydrophile photosensitive layers do not adhere sufficiently.
- My method comprises treating the paper with a composition which comprises an emulsion or a melt of about to by weight of paraffin oil, about 5 to 20% by weight, preferably about 10% by weight of stearic acid, and about 50 to 300%, preferably 200%, by weight of resin alcohol such as abietyl alcohol.
- a composition which comprises an emulsion or a melt of about to by weight of paraffin oil, about 5 to 20% by weight, preferably about 10% by weight of stearic acid, and about 50 to 300%, preferably 200%, by weight of resin alcohol such as abietyl alcohol.
- resin alcohol in combination with the paraffin oil and the stearic acid there is avoided a greasing-off or giving off of transparentizing agents to photographic baths and to papers which come in contact with the transparent paper.
- the percentage of resin alcohol is in reference to the total amount of paratfin oil and stearic acid.
- the transparentizing agent according to the invention can be used in the form of a solution of esters and organic hydrocarbons. Also, a melt through which the paper is drawn can be used. It can also be added to the paper as an aqueous emulsion inside of a paper machine.
- the paper to be made transparent can be of cellulose fibers or of synthetic fibers or of a mixture of both types of fibers.
- the papers produced according to the process of the invention are stable to light, indifferent with respect to photosensitive coatings and stable with respect to photographic baths or chemicals such as are used in diazotypy. There is no reduction of the transparency even with relatively long storage and in processing in photographic baths. The papers produced do not stick together and are practically odorless.
- EXAMPLE I A roll of photo crude paper of 55 g./m. is drawn at a rate of 20 m./min. through a solution of 20 parts of paraffin oil and 2 parts of stearic acid in a mixture of 60 parts of acetic ester and 13 parts of toluene; and the excess of impregnating agent is stripped off with the aid of scrapers. After the evaporation of the solvent, the paper is immediately suited, without application of additional layers, for coating with photographic silver halide emulsions. The optical density of the transparent paper as measured with the opacimeter of Bausch & Lomb amounts to 0.28. The opacity of the crude paper before the transparentizing was 0.50.
- Resin alcohol (abietyl alcohol)26.0% (185% based upon the total weight of paraffin oil and stearic acid).
- the excess of impregnating agent is stripped off with the aid of Scraper blades. After the evaporation of the solvent the impregnated paper stood for a few days in order to give the impregnating agent situated on the surface of the paper an opportunity to diffuse into the hollow spaces in the paper formerly occupied by the solvent.
- the optical density of the transparent paper is 0.40 and that of the crude paper is 0.64.
- EXAMPLE III A photographic crude paper of 55 g./m. is drawn, after the sheet formation on the paper machine, with a dry content of about 60%, through an emulsion consisting of parts of paratfin oil, 2 parts of stearic acid, 2 parts of Emulsogen A (a trademark of Anorgana GMBH of Gendorf, Upper Bavaria, a fatty acid polygolycol ester recommended for emulsifying mineral oils and fatty oils) and 76 parts of water. The excess impregnating agent is squeezed out by rubber rollers. The paper is then dried within the paper machine to a moisture content of about 6% of water. The optical density of the impregnated paper amounts to 0.32.
- EXAMPLE IV A photographic crude paper of 55 g./m. is drawn through a melt which consists of 70% (233% based upon the total weight of parafiin oil and stearic acid) of resin alcohol, 27% (90% based upon the total weight of paraffin oil and stearic acid) of paraffn oil and 3% (10% based upon the total weight of paraffin oil and stearic acid) of stearic acid.
- the excess of impregnating agent is stripped off with the aid of scrapers heated to C.
- the optical density of the transparent paper is 0.18 and that of the crude paper is 0.50.
- a method for making transparent paper comprising the step of impregnating paper with a composition comprising about -91% by weight of paraflin oil, about 910% by weight of stearic acid, and about 185233% by weight of abietyl alcohol, said percentages being based upon the total Weight of parafiin oil and stearic acid.
- composition useful for producing transparent paper comprising about 90-91% by weight of parafiin oil, about 9-10% by weight of stearic acid and about 185-233% by weight of abietyl alcohol, said percentages being based upon the total weight of paraflin oil and stearic acid.
- composition of claim 3 wherein about 10% by weight of stearic acid and about 200% by weight of abietyl alcohol are used.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DESC037911 | 1965-10-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3497370A true US3497370A (en) | 1970-02-24 |
Family
ID=7434494
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US582264A Expired - Lifetime US3497370A (en) | 1965-10-23 | 1966-09-27 | Method and composition for making transparent paper |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3497370A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| BE (1) | BE687290A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE1546460A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE2050456A1 (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2021-10-22 | Rise Innventia Ab | Transparent paper or cardboard substrate and method for its production |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2715614A (en) * | 1949-03-31 | 1955-08-16 | Nopco Chem Co | Defoaming agent for pulp and paper stock |
| US3251732A (en) * | 1962-09-06 | 1966-05-17 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Rosin size and method of preparing same and paper sized therewith |
-
1965
- 1965-10-23 DE DE19651546460 patent/DE1546460A1/de active Pending
-
1966
- 1966-09-23 BE BE687290D patent/BE687290A/xx unknown
- 1966-09-27 US US582264A patent/US3497370A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2715614A (en) * | 1949-03-31 | 1955-08-16 | Nopco Chem Co | Defoaming agent for pulp and paper stock |
| US3251732A (en) * | 1962-09-06 | 1966-05-17 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Rosin size and method of preparing same and paper sized therewith |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE2050456A1 (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2021-10-22 | Rise Innventia Ab | Transparent paper or cardboard substrate and method for its production |
| WO2021215981A1 (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2021-10-28 | Rise Innventia Ab | Transparent paper or cardboard substrate and method for its production |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE687290A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1967-03-01 |
| DE1546460A1 (de) | 1970-07-16 |
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