US3496039A - Explosive compositions containing an aromatic nitro compound and calcium phosphate - Google Patents
Explosive compositions containing an aromatic nitro compound and calcium phosphate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3496039A US3496039A US782510A US3496039DA US3496039A US 3496039 A US3496039 A US 3496039A US 782510 A US782510 A US 782510A US 3496039D A US3496039D A US 3496039DA US 3496039 A US3496039 A US 3496039A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- calcium phosphate
- tnt
- explosive
- mixture
- percent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 50
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 title description 40
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 title description 40
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 title description 40
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 39
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title description 30
- -1 aromatic nitro compound Chemical class 0.000 title description 5
- SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 239000000015 trinitrotoluene Substances 0.000 description 44
- AGUIVNYEYSCPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-N-picrylnitramine Chemical group [O-][N+](=O)N(C)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O AGUIVNYEYSCPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 9
- TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229940090898 Desensitizer Drugs 0.000 description 6
- UATJOMSPNYCXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 UATJOMSPNYCXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical class O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZTVIZREFBBQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene;[3-nitrooxy-2,2-bis(nitrooxymethyl)propyl] nitrate Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O HZTVIZREFBBQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000026 Pentaerythritol tetranitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004321 pentaerithrityl tetranitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000634 wood's metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/006—Stabilisers (e.g. thermal stabilisers)
Definitions
- an explosive composition comprising fusible aromatic nitro compounds
- the improvement which comprises calcium phosphate fume in a minor proportion effective to improve detonation characteristics, thermal stability or exudation characteristics.
- the calcium phosphate fume is characterized by low density and high specific surface area.
- the invention relates to the improvement of the properties of explosives and explosive compositions of fusible aromatic compounds, particularly TNT and trinit-robenzene, or mixture-s of these nitro compounds with nitramines and/ or with nitric acid esters, e.g. mixtures with tetry-l and/or nitropentaerythrol (nitropenta), including e-ute tics with tetryl or nitropenta, by adding finely divided calcium phosphate to them.
- Known additives such as metal powders or desensitizers can be included.
- the calcium phosphate has been manufactured by mixing phosphoric acid with the required amount of calcium nitrate or calcium chloride to form a clear solution or paste, and by spraying this mixture into a current of hot inert gas at temperatures of 190 to 450 C.
- the production of the calcium phosphate fume is described in DAS 1,196,166, issued to Chemische Fab-rik Kalk. We call this product calcium phosphate fume.
- the calcium phosphate fume is a finely divided product having a large specific surface area, in general about l50 m. /g., and having an extremely low bulk density in general about 0.010.07 g./cm. It is added to the explosive components in minor proportion, e.g. a quantity of 0:1 to 15 preferably 0.2 to5% by weight of the composition.
- EXAMPLE 1 Sticks of TNT were cast with and without the addition of calcium phosphate. The length of the sticks was 20 cm., and the diameter was varied. The sticks of explosives were ignited with a pressed pellet of 15 g. of tetryl and were stood up on a lead plate which served as an indicator for complete detonation. The tests were performed without any enclosure. A stick of TNT having a diameter of 50 mm. and no additive would not propagate the detonation and the lead plate was undamaged.
- TNT contained 1% calcium phosphate (specific surface area 15 m. /g.; bulk density of 0.03 g./cm. the charge detonated perfectly all the way through the stick, even at a diameter of 10 mm.
- Cylinders 200 mm. long and 28 mm. in diameter prepared from this composition could not be detonated, even with a No. 6 blasting cap containing 0.5 g. of PETN and 0.5 g. of potassium chloride as a booster.
- the detonation speed amounted to 6500 and 6200 m./s. respectively.
- the advantage of the improved detonatability consists mainly in the fact that TNT charges can be detonated easily without the use of boosters made of pressed tetyrl, PETN, hexogen or TNT.
- cast TNT charges containing the calcium phosphate additive according to the invention can be used as boosters for explosives that are diflicult to initiate.
- slurries can be detonated in blasting holes with detonators made of TNT and the calcium phosphate additive according to the invention, instead of charges of cast pentolite such as are used today.
- the advantage of the addition of calcium phosphate according to the invention consists, according to this eX- periment, in the fact that cast TNT charges can be stored at higher temperatures, e.g., in hot sunlight, without the occurrence of exudation.
- EXAMPLE 2 The experimental results described in Example 1, involving explosive charges of TNT with and without the addition of calcium phosphate according to the invention were obtained in like manner also with explosive compositions made of aromatic nitro compounds and metal powders.
- a cast stick 200 mm. long, 28 mm. diam.
- a cast stick made of a mixture of 75% TNT and 25% aluminum powder with the addition of 2% calcium phosphate (specific surface area 15 m. /g.; bulk density 0.03 g./cm. according to the invention could be detonated with a No. 8 aluminum blasting cap, for example, while the same mixture without the addition of the calcium phosphate could not be initiated with a No. 8 aluminum blasting cap.
- a mixture of 47.6% TNT and 52.4% aluminum required 59 seconds to flash or explode at a temperature of 340 C.
- 1 part of calcium phosphate was added to the mixture, the time required to ignite it amounted to 67 seconds.
- the size of the spot produced by bleeding was measured at 38 mm. for the mixture of 75% TNT (solidification point 80.47 C.) and 25% aluminum.
- the diameter of the spot amounted to only 11 mm.
- EXAMPLE 4 In the case of explosive compositions of TNT (solidification point 80.47 C.), hexogen and powdered aluminum, flashing or explosion was produced at 235 C. within the periods specified below, the specific weights and spot diameters being also given- 4 Mixture A:
- EXAMPLE 5 In the case of explosive compositions made from TNT (solidification point 80.47 C.) and tetryl (this two component mixture is known as tetrytol), the following spot diameters were measured and flashing or explosion occurred at 230 C. after the following periods- Mixture A:
- EXAMPLE 6 In the case of explosive compositions of TNT (solidification point 80.47 C.) and PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate), flashing or explosion occurred at 230 C. after the periods of time specified hereinafter, and the spot diameters were as described- Mixture A:
- EXAMPLE 7 The following are the spot diameters and the time periods required to produce the flashing or explosion of explosive mixtures of tetryl, trinitrobenzene and hexogen at 230 C.
- Tetryl percent 16 Trinitrobenzene do 24 Hexogen do 59 Calcium phosphate (spec. surface area m. /g.;
- EXAMPLE 8 The addition of calcium phosphate to explosive com positions according to the invention can also be combined with the addition of other desensitizers.
- the desensitizing effect of such combined additives in this case can be increased considerably if, for example, a mixture of chlorinated naphthaline with a softening point of 116 C. is used as a desensitizer together with the calcium phosphate (spec. surf. area 15 m. /g.; bulk density 0.03 g./cm.
- tetryl and TNT solidification point 80.47 C.
- tetrytol the following are the spot diameters and the time periods required to produce flashing or explosion at 230 C.
- the explosive was not placed in the test tube in powder form, but in the form of a piece weighing 0.4 g.
- an explosive composition comprising fusible aromatic nitro compounds of the group trinitrotoluene and trinitrobenzene, the improvement which comprises calcium phosphate fume having a specific surface area of about 1050 m. g. and a bulk density of about 0.01-0.07 g./cm. in a minor proportion effective to improve detonation characteristics, thermal stability or exudation characteristics.
- An explosive composition according to claim 1 containing a material of the group nitramines, nitric acid esters, and mixtures thereof.
- An explosive composition according to claim 1 and containing metal powder 4.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19671646284 DE1646284C3 (de) | 1967-11-29 | 1967-11-29 | Verbesserung der Eigenschaften von gießbaren Sprengstoffen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3496039A true US3496039A (en) | 1970-02-17 |
Family
ID=5684569
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US782510A Expired - Lifetime US3496039A (en) | 1967-11-29 | 1968-11-29 | Explosive compositions containing an aromatic nitro compound and calcium phosphate |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3496039A (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR1599069A (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB1183916A (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO144666C (no) * | 1980-02-29 | 1981-10-14 | Dyno Industrier As | Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av aluminiumholdige hoeyenergisprengstoffblandinger |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3271212A (en) * | 1963-08-17 | 1966-09-06 | Wasagchemie Ag | Explosive with trinitrobenzene |
-
1968
- 1968-11-26 FR FR1599069D patent/FR1599069A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-11-29 GB GB56921/68A patent/GB1183916A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-11-29 US US782510A patent/US3496039A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3271212A (en) * | 1963-08-17 | 1966-09-06 | Wasagchemie Ag | Explosive with trinitrobenzene |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1183916A (en) | 1970-03-11 |
| FR1599069A (enExample) | 1970-07-15 |
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