US3491842A - Apparatus for underwater drilling and coring loose sediments - Google Patents
Apparatus for underwater drilling and coring loose sediments Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3491842A US3491842A US726721A US3491842DA US3491842A US 3491842 A US3491842 A US 3491842A US 726721 A US726721 A US 726721A US 3491842D A US3491842D A US 3491842DA US 3491842 A US3491842 A US 3491842A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- casing
- coring
- elements
- guide
- drill head
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 title description 14
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000764773 Inna Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors
- E21B25/18—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors the core receiver being specially adapted for operation under water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/12—Underwater drilling
- E21B7/124—Underwater drilling with underwater tool drive prime mover, e.g. portable drilling rigs for use on underwater floors
Definitions
- the apparatus according to the invention also permits to core the first metres of the underlying rocky sub-strata and to perform in situ measuring operations using such measuring instruments as cohesimeters, penetrometers, pressure measuring devices etc. at any depth within the sediments, whereby these measurements may follow the above-indicated coring operations or be performed in turns with them.
- Another possible application of the apparatus according to the invention is to drive into the underwater loose sediments tubings or casings having lengths of several tens meters with simultaneous removing of the sediments located within this casing so as to allow the subsequent introduction into this casing of reinforcements and of various cement slurries so as to constitute underwater anchoring means the anchoring strength of which is very high, for instance up to several hundred tons.
- An important object of the invention is to permit the driving of an elongated member into the underwater grounds from a floating surface installation, without requiring any permanent connection between this rigid elongated member so as to not subject this member to 3,491,842 Patented Jan. 27, 1970 high stresses resulting from the movements of the floating installation, the complete suppression of these movements being impossible, even with means for precise anchoring or positioning of the floating installation, the cost of such means for precise anchoring being moreover very high.
- an apparatus operable from a surface installation for driving into the underwater floor an elongated member constituted of a plurality of elements adapted to be connected end to end, particularly for offshore drilling and coring operations, including a base member which can be seated on the underwater floor and is provided with a central well for the passage of said elongated member and with rigid guide columns extending in a direction parallel to the axis of said central well, substantially parallel guide cables connecting said surface installation to the respective tops of said guide columns, a drill head slidable along said gmide columns and provided with a bore for the passage of said elements of the elongated member and with means inside said bore for gripping said elements, said drill head incorporating at least a submersible motor for driving said elongated member into the underwater floor, at least a power line and a line for remote control connecting said submersible motor and said gripping means to said surface installation, said apparatus including a connecting element provided with guide means arranged to ride down said guide cable and to
- FIGURE 1 diagrammatically illustrates a coring apparatus according to the invention operated from a ship
- FIGURES 2a and 2b are sectional views, on a larger scale, of the drill head of the apparatus, FIGURE 2a corresponding to the section a--a indicated in FIGURE 2b and this last figure to a section of FIGURE 2a,
- FIGURES 3a and 3b illustrate devices for gripping the casing
- FIGURE 4 is a sectional view of the upper part of the coring tool.
- the coring apparatus is operated from the ship 1 which is maintained in a substantially fixed position by any suitable means-(not shown), such as by conventional anchoring or dynamic positioning, over the selected location of the water bottom 3 where the coring operation is to be performed.
- the coring apparatus includes a broad base plate 4 adapted to rest on the water floor 2 and provided with a central aperture or well 5. Two guide columns 6 and 7 parallel to the axis of the well 5 are integral with this base plate.
- tops of these columns are connected with the ship 1 by means of guide cables 8 and 9 passing over return sheaves 10, 11 carried by the ship and are wound on Winches 12 and 13 of conventional type adapted to keep the cables 8 and 9 under tension.
- the guide cables 8 and 9 are used for handling the base plate 4 from the ship, i.e. for lowering and rais ng this base plate, as well as for guiding the successive casing elements which are lowered from the ship in the manner to be indicated in the following.
- the casing used for lining the drilled Well during the coring operation i.e. for holding up the walls of this well, is formed of tubular elements such as 14a, 14b, 140 which can be connected end to end such as by screwing or by any other suitable means and the unit-length of which is at least equal to the greatest height of the successive coring runs.
- the lower element 14a of this casing is provided at its bottom with a drill crown 15 which is provided with teeth or cutting elements.
- the apparatus according to the invention includes a driving drill head 16 constituted of a frame displaceable along the guide columns over a length thereof at least equal to that of a casing element and which is traversed by a bore 17 providing a passage for this casing.
- a guide funnel-shaped element facilitates the introduction of the casing elements into the bore 17.
- the upright displacements in either direction of the drill head 16 along the guide columns 6 and 7 are produced, in the considered embodiment, by means of two endless chains 19 and 20 passing over toothed wheels 21 to 24, located at both ends of each guide column.
- the drill head 16 is secured to one line of each chain at locations such as 25 and 26.
- the chains 19 and 20 are driven by a reversible hydraulic motor, through the chain belt 27.
- This hydraulic motor is actuated by a hydraulic unit secured to the base plate 4.
- the electric motor driving the pump of this hydraulic unit is supplied with electric current from the electricgenerator 29 located on the ship, through the line 30.
- This line is constituted of a cable in which are embedded electric power conductors 31 as well as electric conductors for remote control, the latter permitting to control the different operations performed on the water bottom from a telecontrol station 33, in particular the actuation, in either of its directions of rotation, of the hydraulic motor driving the chains 19 and 20.
- the drill head includes devices for clamping, holding and driving in rotation the casing, the whole of these devices being designated by the general reference 39 in FIG. 1.
- FIGURES 2a and 2b showing sectional views on a larger scale of thedrill head 16.
- This drill head includes a rotor 34 for driving the casing in rotation, constituted for a peripherally toothed crown in mesh with driving pinions.
- This flexible hose can follow the displacements of the drill head 16 along the guide columns and includes at least a pipe supplying fluid under pressure and a pipe for conveying the low pressure fluid back to the hydraulic unit 28.
- the rotor crown 34 has an internal bore 41 of a diameter suflicient to provide for a very easy passage to the different elements of the casing.
- this rotor On this rotor are located devices 42, 43 for automatically clamping or gripping the casing, providing for 4 the rotation thereof (the number of these clamping elements is not limited to two).
- these elements have an internal wall including a cylindrical part 44, 45 having a shape adapted to fit the outer wall of the casing with a high friction factor.
- clamping elements are provided along a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the rotor 34 studholes 46 and 47 respectively, each of which having a cross-section which is elongated along a direction deviating from the axis of the rotor 34 in the direction opposed to the direction of rotation of the latter.
- studs 48 and 49 integral with the rotor 34 and the cross section of which has a shape complementary to that of the stud-holes 46 and 47, permitting to bring the selfclamping elements more or less near the axis of the rotor 34, and which is adatped to prevent the rotation of these clamping elements about the studs towards the axis of the rotor 34.
- This rotation might otherwise happen when no casing element is inserted in the drill head 15, which would then make diflicult, if not impossible, and subsequent passage of a casing element through this drill head.
- the location of the studs 48 and 49 on the rotor 34 permits an easy passage of the casing elements when the self-clamping elements 42 and 43 have been moved aside from the axis of the rotor 34 and a clamping action on these casing elements which is suflicient to make them fast in rotation with the rotor 34, when these clamping elements are simultaneously brought nearer the rotor axis.
- the shape of the elements 42 and 43 as well as their respective locations on the rotor 34 are so selected that all the clamping elements are in abutment and automatically grip or clamp the casing, when the rotor is rotated in its normal direction of rotation (indicated by the arrow on FIG. 2a) which corresponds to the coring operation, whereby this clamping action is automatically suppressed by simply reversing the directon of rotation of the rotor 34 which allows to clear the drill head 16 from the casing element traversing this drill head.
- a rotary crown 50 coaxial with the bore 17 and provided with devices 51, 52 for axially holding the casing, these devices being hingedly secured to the crown 50 in the illustrated embodiment.
- FIGURES 3a and 3b are devices for self-clamping the casing, adapted to withstand longitudinal forces exerted on the casing either downwardly (device of FIG. 3b) or upwardly.
- each of these elements lncludes a gripping shoe (53, 54) integral with a horizontal stud which is guided by a groove or stud-hole (55, 56) integral with the rotary crown 50.
- gripping shoes are secured to the end of a lever arm (57, 58) hingedly mounted on the crown 50'.
- the grooves 55 and 56 having the shape of arcs of circles are so located as to bring the gripping shoe towards the rotation axis of the crown 50, either when the gripping shoe is lowered (device of FIG. 3a) or when the gripping shoe is raised (device of FIG. 3b). There is thus provided by self-gripping action the axial blocking in both directions of the casing traversing the drill head 16.
- the control of the displacements of the piston 59 is performed from the station 33 at the water surface, by remotely controlling the inlet of hydraulic fluid under pressure into any of the two compartments of the cylinder 60 through the flexible hydraulic coupling 40 and one or the other of the pipes 61 and 62;
- This apparatus also includes a coring tool 63 (FIG. 1 and 4) the lower part of which is constituted of a core barrel 64 provided with an internal bore for housing the core 66.
- the bore 65 is at its upper part provided with a gauged valve 67 to allow water to escape from above the core 66.
- the head 68 of the coring tool is in the following referred to by the expression handling head since this head is used as a seat or abutment for the successive casing elements during the lowering and the raising thereof as hereinafter described.
- This handling head is traversed by one or several channels 69 for delivering flushing fluid to the annular space 70 between the coring tool and the casing which constitutes a lining of the walls of the well 71 drilled through the sediments.
- the supply with flushing fluid is performed through a flexible pipe 72 at the lower end of which the coring tool is suspended.
- This pipe passing over the guide pulley 73 supported by the ship is reeled on a winch 74.
- the upper end of the pipe 72 secured to the rim of the winch 74 is supplied in a known manner with water under pressure which constitutes the flushing fluid, by means of the pump 75 drawing up water from the sea through the pipe 76 and delivering this Water into the pipe 72 through the pipe 77 and through a rotary coupling or swivel 78 of a conventional type.
- These guiding elements include (FIG. 1 and 4) radial arms 79, 80 integral with sliding sleeves 81 and 82 through which the guide cablen pass and which are adapted to fit the upper part of the guide columns 6 and 7 (these sleeves being however stopped above the upper pinions 21, 23 of these columns).
- a tubular coupling or connectig element 83 which is externally threaded at its lower part and is integral with the radial arms 79 and 80 allow to hang on to the guiding element (79 to 82) each casing element such as 14c( FIG. 1) during the lowering and the raising of this element.
- the flexible pipe 72 permits to perform these operations of lowering and raising a casing element screwed to the connecting element 83 integral with the arms 79 and 80 which then come in abutment against the top of the handling head 58 (FIG. 4).
- This handling head includes (FIG. 4) retracting anchoring fingers or pawls such as the finger 84 integral with a piston 85 which can silde in the cylinder 86 against the action of a return spring,
- the cylinder 86 communicates with the channel 69 delivering flushing fluid upflow from a throttling (nozzle 87 of this channel.
- the fluid under pressure supplied by the flexible pipe 72 causes automatically the movement of the fingers 84 away from one another, since the pressure of the flushing fluid in the channel 69 upflow from the throttling 87 is higher than its pressure downflow from this throttling.
- the lower element 14a of the casing is internally provided with an annular shoulder 88 (FIG. 1) under which the anchoring fingers 84 come into abutment when they are spaced away from one another under the action of the flushing fluid, this annular shoulder preventing the core barrel 63 to be displaced upwardly in the casing element 14a, when the latter is driven into the sediments.
- the core barrel 64 is downwardly extended by a cutting tubular element 93 (of small wall thickness) the length of which is so selected that this tubular element is downwardly protruding from the coring crown 15 over a few centimeters when the core barrel occupies its position within the lower element 14a of the casing.
- the handling head 68 is further provided with an annular sealing packing 89 constituted of an annular recess which is outwardly limited by a flexible Wall, this recess communicating with the channel 69 delivering flushing fluid under pressure, upflow from the throttling 87.
- the water under pressure supplied from the flexible pipe 72 causes the inflation of the sealing packing which is pressed against the internal wall of the casing which surrounds the coring tool, so that the flushing fluid can only flow towards the bottom of the drilled well 71.
- the cylinder 86 and the annular sealing packing 89 are adapted to an annular element 90 rotatably mounted with a small clearance around the body of the handling head 68 by means of bearings.
- the coring tool which includes the core barrel 64 is not driven in rotation together with the casing when the fingers 84 and the annular sealing packing are pressed against the internal wall of this casing.
- the rotation of the core barrel 64 is prevented by the resistance of the flexible pipe 72 to torsional stresses.
- the flushing fluid reaches the cylinder 86 and the annular recess limited by the packing 89, by following the channel 91 and entering the annular cavity limited by the two annular grooves 92a and 92b facing each other respectively provided in the annular element 90 and in the non-rotatable part of the handling head 68.
- the ship 1 is positioned and maintained over the location selected for coring.
- the base plate 4 provided with the drill head is then suspended to the two guide cables 8 and 9 and lowered to the water bottom where it is laid.
- the guide cables are kept under tension.
- a length of casing constituted for example of the lower element 14a and of the adjacent element 14b located just above is lowered, hanging at the lower end of the flexible pipe 72 in the manner which has been illustrated by FIG. 1 for the lowering of the element 150, i.e. the element 14b of the casing is screwed at its lower part to the connecting element 83 integral with the element for guiding along the guide cables 5 and 6 and the whole is lowered by unwinding the pipe 72.
- the drill head 16 is raised up to the top of the guide columns 6 and 7 by remotely controlling the hydraulic unit 28 and the gripping shoes 51, 52'are moved away from the axis of the bore 17 of the drill head, also by remote control causing the downward displacement of the annular piston 59 (FIG. 2b).
- the casing may then be easily inserted into the bore 17 through the guiding funnel-shaped element 18.
- the gripping shoes 51 and 52 are then pressed against the external wall of the casing by remotely controlling the raising of the annular piston 59 in the cylinder 60.
- the flexible pipe 72 is supplied with water under pressure, thereby expanding the fingers 84 holding the coring tool under the annular shoulder 88 and simultaneously providing for sealing at the level of the packing 89.
- the casing is rotated, which results in the unscrewing of the upper part of this casing from the connecting element 83 (FIG. 4), since the two sleeves 81 and 82 of the guide element 80 (FIG. 1) are then secured to the tops of the guide columns 6 and 7, which prevents the rotation of the connecting element 83.
- the well 71 is then bored (FIG. 1) by the toothed crown or bit 15, a core being formed in the housing 65 of the core barrel 64, the drill head being moved downwardly by the chains 19 and 20 thereby drilling the well 71.
- An additional casing element 140 is lowered in the manner illustratedby FIG. 1 and is introduced into the bore 17 of the drill head 16 through the funnel shaped guide element 18, the lower part of this new casing element coming into abutment against the upper part of the preceding casing element 14b.
- the raising of the successive elements is performed after interrupting the supply of the flexible pipe 72 with fluid under pressure.
- the fingers 84 (FIG. 3) and the annular sealing packing 89 are then retracted and the coring tool 63 can then be easily raised by winding up the flexible pipe 72 on the winch 74.
- the tubing can in turn be raised, for example by lowering at the lower end of the pipe 72, also by following the guide cables 8 and 9 a fishing tool of a type conventionally used during offshore drilling operations and adapted to be connected with the top of the casing, this tool remaining connected with the ship by a fishing cable suspended at the top of a mast or of a lifting derrick.
- each of the guide elements is also possible to constitute each of the guide elements as an upright toothed rack in mesh with a toothed pinion having an horizontal axis and rotated by an hydraulic motor carried by the drill head 16.
- the core barrel 63 may be of any known type suitable for collecting cores of loose sediments with as little alteration as possible occurring within the sample, the present invention being by no way limited to the use of any particular core barrel.
- This-core barrel may be simple, provided or not with obturating devices and with devices for withholding the core, and may protrude from the lower part of the casing by a tubular element having a thin cutting wall.
- This core barrel may also be double (formed of two concentrical tubes) and optionally be provided with a flexible sleeve continuously covering the core as the latter is being formed.
- Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said elongated member is a tubular casing terminated at its lower end by a drill bit, and wherein said flexible line is a flexible pipe for supplying said drill bit with flushing fluid.
- Apparatus according to claim 3 for underwater coring in loose sediments, wherein said flexible pipe is terminated at its lower end by a core barrel the top of which constitutes a seat for said connecting element during the lowering of the successive elements of said tubular casing, said apparatus including releasable means for anchoring said core barrel within the lower element of said tubular casing.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR105625 | 1967-05-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3491842A true US3491842A (en) | 1970-01-27 |
Family
ID=8630423
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US726721A Expired - Lifetime US3491842A (en) | 1967-05-08 | 1968-05-06 | Apparatus for underwater drilling and coring loose sediments |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3491842A (de) |
BE (1) | BE714602A (de) |
DE (1) | DE1758280A1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR1573827A (de) |
GB (1) | GB1228247A (de) |
NL (1) | NL6806187A (de) |
Cited By (57)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3593808A (en) * | 1969-01-07 | 1971-07-20 | Arthur J Nelson | Apparatus and method for drilling underwater |
US3603408A (en) * | 1968-10-07 | 1971-09-07 | August Hendrik Maria Smulders | Submarine drilling apparatus |
US3633685A (en) * | 1970-03-09 | 1972-01-11 | Manuel R Piexoto | Deep well drilling apparatus |
US3693730A (en) * | 1970-07-22 | 1972-09-26 | Inst Geol I Razrabotki Gorjuch | Vibratory device for taking bottom sediments cores |
US3738434A (en) * | 1971-01-11 | 1973-06-12 | A Nelson | The apparatus and method to establish and sustain a subaqueous strata drilling system |
US3760889A (en) * | 1969-01-07 | 1973-09-25 | A Nelson | Apparatus and method to modify and service a subaqueous strata drilling system |
US3788396A (en) * | 1971-03-10 | 1974-01-29 | Shell Oil Co | Well re-entry tool with bumperhead |
US3794125A (en) * | 1971-01-11 | 1974-02-26 | A Nelson | Apparatus and method of maneuver and sustain |
US3874462A (en) * | 1973-04-27 | 1975-04-01 | Weser Dt197304272321291 Ag | Device for taking core samples from ocean and other submarine floors |
US3891037A (en) * | 1972-12-26 | 1975-06-24 | Dale E Well | Remotely operated seafloor coring and drilling method and system |
US3901331A (en) * | 1972-12-06 | 1975-08-26 | Petroles Cie Francaise | Support casing for a boring head |
US4051685A (en) * | 1975-10-13 | 1977-10-04 | Hollandsche Beton Groep N.V. | Positioning method and apparatus for submersible pile driving |
US4063599A (en) * | 1975-05-21 | 1977-12-20 | Hollandsche Beton Groep N.V. | Method and apparatus for underwater pile driving |
US4202416A (en) * | 1978-08-07 | 1980-05-13 | Stahl- Und Apparatebau Hans Leffer Gmbh | Method and apparatus for sinking a cased borehole for producing cased pile foundations |
US20050109537A1 (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2005-05-26 | Ayling Laurence J. | Drilling rig |
US20060016621A1 (en) * | 2004-06-09 | 2006-01-26 | Placer Dome Technical Services Limited | Method and system for deep sea drilling |
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US20110056696A1 (en) * | 2004-07-24 | 2011-03-10 | Geoprober Drilling Limited | Subsea drilling |
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US3794125A (en) * | 1971-01-11 | 1974-02-26 | A Nelson | Apparatus and method of maneuver and sustain |
US3738434A (en) * | 1971-01-11 | 1973-06-12 | A Nelson | The apparatus and method to establish and sustain a subaqueous strata drilling system |
US3788396A (en) * | 1971-03-10 | 1974-01-29 | Shell Oil Co | Well re-entry tool with bumperhead |
US3901331A (en) * | 1972-12-06 | 1975-08-26 | Petroles Cie Francaise | Support casing for a boring head |
US3891037A (en) * | 1972-12-26 | 1975-06-24 | Dale E Well | Remotely operated seafloor coring and drilling method and system |
US3874462A (en) * | 1973-04-27 | 1975-04-01 | Weser Dt197304272321291 Ag | Device for taking core samples from ocean and other submarine floors |
US4063599A (en) * | 1975-05-21 | 1977-12-20 | Hollandsche Beton Groep N.V. | Method and apparatus for underwater pile driving |
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US4202416A (en) * | 1978-08-07 | 1980-05-13 | Stahl- Und Apparatebau Hans Leffer Gmbh | Method and apparatus for sinking a cased borehole for producing cased pile foundations |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE714602A (de) | 1968-09-30 |
DE1758280A1 (de) | 1971-01-07 |
FR1573827A (de) | 1969-07-11 |
NL6806187A (de) | 1968-11-11 |
GB1228247A (de) | 1971-04-15 |
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