US3489832A - Continuous spinning and drawing of polycaproamide yarn - Google Patents

Continuous spinning and drawing of polycaproamide yarn Download PDF

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Publication number
US3489832A
US3489832A US634518A US3489832DA US3489832A US 3489832 A US3489832 A US 3489832A US 634518 A US634518 A US 634518A US 3489832D A US3489832D A US 3489832DA US 3489832 A US3489832 A US 3489832A
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United States
Prior art keywords
yarn
filaments
air
polycaproamide
zone
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Expired - Lifetime
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US634518A
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English (en)
Inventor
James I Bruton
Lloyd D Caison
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Honeywell International Inc
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Allied Chemical Corp
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/088—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
    • D01D5/092—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes in shafts or chimneys
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/60—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyamides

Definitions

  • This invention relates to melt spinning of polycaproamide filament, especially polycaproamide multifilament yarn, followed immediately by drawing the cooled filament without an intermediate step of winding up the undrawn filament.
  • a poly-E-caproamide multifilament yarn including such yarn of high denier per filament, e.g. 40-100 denier per filament (undrawn), can be melt spun continuously at high production rates such as 25 lbs. per hour and preferably 1000 feet per minute delivery speed from the cooling zone; and this yarn can be continuously drawn without an intermediate step of winding up, at draw ratios of at least 3.5: 1.
  • the birefringence of these undrawn filaments is found to be not above 0.005. More particularly in the present process, a relatively large number of heavy filaments are extruded simultaneously into a single quench zone, viz., at least about 60 filaments each having undrawn denier of about 40-100; and the temperature reduction of these extruded filaments is accomplished by contacting the filaments with air entering the stack at a volumetric flow rate of about 1GO-300 cubic feet of air (measured at standard temperature and pressure) per pound of entering filaments, the air being at inlet temperature preferably not above 35 C. Especially effective is a split fiow of air in the cooling zone.
  • a minor proportion, especially 1%-25% of the total inlet air flows upward and is exhausted in the vicinity of the spinneret; and the major proportion is further split by being admitted at two air inlet zones, one of which is at least 5 feet above the principal exhaust zone and the other is at least 5 feet below that exhaust zone.
  • a plenum near the base of the tower at least five feet below the main exhaust plenum 10 can be provided for this last iiow of air instead of using the egress opening 12 at the bottom of the stack, if desired; such operation allows controlling the temperature and humidity of the incoming air independently of the room air.
  • a third godet roll 22 can be provided if a yarn-treating zone such as an annealing zone is desired.
  • the yarn is taken up upon a package by winding machine 24, either direct from the second godet or after passing through a zone such as the annealing zone provided by heater 26 and third godet 22.
  • Yarn temperatures at a point just below the egress opening 12 can be measured by contacting the yarn with a thermistor probe 30. In operations in accordance with this invention, such temperatures are found to be 55 C. or less.
  • the ya-rn as it left the quench stack contacted a finish roll which applied a non-aqueous finish of the general type disclosed in copending application of Stanley R. Ross, Ser. No. 610,000, filed Ian. 18, 1967.
  • the yarn then passed in three wraps around a godet (a roll and separator) then in three wraps over a second godet running at a higher peripheral speed than the first godet whereby to draw the yarn, then to a conventional parallel winding machine which wound the yarn under light controlled tension.
  • the draw ratios cited below are the ratios of peripheral speed between the second and the first godet rolls.
  • the spinning apparatus used in all of the runs described below employed the usual sand-filled spin pack for melt spinning yarn, provided with a spinneret containing 136 holes each of 0.018 inch diameter.
  • a spinneret containing 136 holes each of 0.018 inch diameter.
  • Below the spinneret was a vertical stack provided with an air inlet plenum located about l foot below the spinneret, a monomer exhaust plenum above said inlet plenum and a main exhaust plenum about l2 feet below the inlet plenum and about 8 feet from the base; the whole stack was about 22 feet long.
  • the Vgeneral structure of the stack was as illustrated in Dulin U.S. Patent 3,257,487 of July 2l, 1966.
  • the temperature of the inlet air was 28 C. and its relative humidity at that temperature was 65%.
  • This air was drawn into the upper part of the stack through the inlet plenum at a rate of 40 c.f.m. i.e, cubic feet per minute at standard temperature and pressure (240 cu.- ft. per hr. S.T.P.) in the runs in accordance with the invention; whereas in the comparison runs the air flow was varied as indicated in the table below.
  • the air was exhausted from the stack through the main exhaust plenum at a rate of 80 c.f.m.,' and in all runs about -20 c.f.m. of air and monomer vapors was removed via the monomer exhaust plenum at the top of the tower. Any difference between the inlet and exhaust flows was made up by air entering or exhausting at the base where the descending filaments emerged from the stack, below the main exhaust plenum.
  • the temperature of the melt prior to extrusion through the spinneret was about 257 C., and the rate of extrusion of melt into filaments was either 30 or 40 lbs. per hour as indicated in the tables.
  • the yarn temperature at the exit from the stack was measured by contacting the yarn with a thermistor probe
  • Example l without annealing, had shrinkage in boiling water of about 20%. This value could be reduced materially by heat annealing, the reduction being accompanied by an increase in UE with little or no change in UTS.
  • a draw ratio of' at least 3.5 is important.
  • Yarns drawn at a lower ratio generally have relatively low ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and relatively high ultimate elongation.
  • UTS ultimate tensile strength
  • these continuously spun and drawn yarns show considerable creep, i.e. retraction upon standing. Under excessive creep the shape of a wound package of the yarn becomes distorted as the yarn retracts; and the turns of yarn may entangle so that the package will fail to unwind.
  • the yarn produced in accordance with this invention can be brought to a satisfactory level of dimensional stability so that it can be packaged in acceptable large packages of 2 pounds and more.
  • Such dimensional stability can be achieved by an annealing operation or by drawing the yarn at a ratio lower than the maximum operable ratio (being the highest ratio which is compatible with drawing performance showing no more than 0.06 sum total of broken filaments wrapping on the rolls (wraps) and breaks of the yarn in the draw zone (breaks) per pound of yarn packaged).
  • Annealing can be effected by passing the drawn yarn through a heated zone while holding the yarn at constant length or allowing limited contraction.
  • the yarn can be annealed generally as in U.S. Patent 2,199,- 411 of May 7, 1940 to Lewis or as in U.S. 'Patent 2,803,108
  • the heat for annealing can be supplied directly to the second godet roll rather than using a heating shoe as in the Wincklhofer patent, e.g. as in U.S. Patent 2,611,923 of Sept. 30, 1952 to Hume.
  • the higher shrinkage characteristic of yarn produced in accordance with this invention can be utilized for certain purposes as known in the art.
  • such yarn of high shrinkage characteristics can be plied by twisting, or entangled or otherwise combined with a yarn having lower shrinkage; and upon being subjected to shrink conditions, such as dry heat, hot aqueous bath, etc. the composite yarn will pucker and crimp as a result of difference in shrinkage between the components.
  • This high shrinkage yarn is also readily crimpable by dilferential heating methods such as hot edge crimping as in U.S. Patent 2,875,502 of Mar. 3, 1959 to Matthews et al.; U.S. Patent 2,919,534 of Jan. 5, 1960 to Bolinger et al.; and hot pin crimping as in U.S. Patent 2,974,391 of Mar. 14, 1961 to Speakman et al.
  • polymers wherein polycaproamide is the major ingredient are also similarly processable.
  • polymer blends of a compatible or incompatible resin or polymer dispersed in polycaprolactam can be processed in generally the same manner as in the above examples to give generally the same or similar results.
  • Exemplary of such blends are polycaproamide in major proportion together with a minor proportion of another polyamide such as nylon 66 or nylon 6-10 or polyamide from a dicarboxylic acid and a ring-containing diamine, e.g.
  • polycaproamide having dispersed therein a polyester, such as polyethylene terephthalate; or a dispersed polymerized olen or vinyl compound such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinylchloride; or dispersed acrylic polymer such as polyacrylonitrile or polymethyl methacrylate; or dispersed copolymers or mixtures of the foregoing resins and polymers.
  • a polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate
  • a dispersed polymerized olen or vinyl compound such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinylchloride
  • dispersed acrylic polymer such as polyacrylonitrile or polymethyl methacrylate
  • modifying agents of polycaproamide as well as the foregoing resins or polymers can also be present such as pigments, stabilizers, lubricants, etc., e.g., as disclosed in U.S. Patent 2,705,227 of Mar. 29, 1955, to Stamatoff; U.S. Patent 3,242,134 of Mar. 22, 1966, to Papero; etc.
  • a process for continuously producing a plurality of laments from a melt containing poly-e-caproamide as the major component which comprises:
  • a process as described in claim 2 further characterized by simultaneously drawing the larnents at least 3.5 times their length upon departure from the quench chamber prior to take-up.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
US634518A 1967-04-28 1967-04-28 Continuous spinning and drawing of polycaproamide yarn Expired - Lifetime US3489832A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US63451867A 1967-04-28 1967-04-28

Publications (1)

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US3489832A true US3489832A (en) 1970-01-13

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US (1) US3489832A (en:Method)
BE (1) BE714163A (en:Method)
DE (1) DE1760293A1 (en:Method)
FR (1) FR1573141A (en:Method)
GB (1) GB1158099A (en:Method)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3549741A (en) * 1967-10-30 1970-12-22 Mildred H Caison Process for preparing improved carpet yarn
US4042662A (en) * 1970-05-13 1977-08-16 Akzona Incorporated Continuous melt spinning and drawing of nylon 6 yarn, while reducing the liveliness of the yarn
US4045534A (en) * 1974-05-24 1977-08-30 Allied Chemical Corporation Process for melt-spinning synthetic fibers
US4225299A (en) * 1978-04-04 1980-09-30 Kling-Tecs, Inc. Apparatus for extruding yarn
WO1989003903A1 (en) * 1987-10-26 1989-05-05 Allied-Signal Inc. Center pipe monomer exhaust
US5609888A (en) * 1992-01-09 1997-03-11 Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for producing multifilaments
RU2741069C1 (ru) * 2020-04-03 2021-01-22 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт физики твердого тела Российской академии наук (ИФТТ РАН) Индуктивно-емкостный фильтр
US11299823B2 (en) * 2018-04-20 2022-04-12 Daicel Corporation Spinning apparatus and spinning method
EP4219807A1 (en) * 2022-01-28 2023-08-02 Fare' S.p.A. a Socio Unico Apparatus and process for producing a nonwoven fabric

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4362682A (en) * 1980-08-21 1982-12-07 Badische Corporation Chip-free staple fiber process
CH663222A5 (de) * 1983-02-25 1987-11-30 Barmag Barmer Maschf Spinnanlage fuer chemiefasern.

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2273105A (en) * 1938-08-09 1942-02-17 Du Pont Method and apparatus for the production of artificial structures
US2957747A (en) * 1958-07-22 1960-10-25 Du Pont Process for producing crimpable polyamide filaments
US2991147A (en) * 1957-07-16 1961-07-04 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Process for the manufacture of sintered multifilamentary structures
US3118012A (en) * 1959-05-01 1964-01-14 Du Pont Melt spinning process
US3257487A (en) * 1963-03-04 1966-06-21 Allied Chem Melt spinning of epsilon-polycaproamide filament
US3271943A (en) * 1963-12-30 1966-09-13 Du Pont Process for stabilizing bulked yarns and product thereof
US3389429A (en) * 1966-09-13 1968-06-25 Allied Chem Spinning apparatus

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2273105A (en) * 1938-08-09 1942-02-17 Du Pont Method and apparatus for the production of artificial structures
US2991147A (en) * 1957-07-16 1961-07-04 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Process for the manufacture of sintered multifilamentary structures
US2957747A (en) * 1958-07-22 1960-10-25 Du Pont Process for producing crimpable polyamide filaments
US3118012A (en) * 1959-05-01 1964-01-14 Du Pont Melt spinning process
US3257487A (en) * 1963-03-04 1966-06-21 Allied Chem Melt spinning of epsilon-polycaproamide filament
US3271943A (en) * 1963-12-30 1966-09-13 Du Pont Process for stabilizing bulked yarns and product thereof
US3389429A (en) * 1966-09-13 1968-06-25 Allied Chem Spinning apparatus

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3549741A (en) * 1967-10-30 1970-12-22 Mildred H Caison Process for preparing improved carpet yarn
US4042662A (en) * 1970-05-13 1977-08-16 Akzona Incorporated Continuous melt spinning and drawing of nylon 6 yarn, while reducing the liveliness of the yarn
US4045534A (en) * 1974-05-24 1977-08-30 Allied Chemical Corporation Process for melt-spinning synthetic fibers
US4225299A (en) * 1978-04-04 1980-09-30 Kling-Tecs, Inc. Apparatus for extruding yarn
WO1989003903A1 (en) * 1987-10-26 1989-05-05 Allied-Signal Inc. Center pipe monomer exhaust
US5609888A (en) * 1992-01-09 1997-03-11 Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for producing multifilaments
US11299823B2 (en) * 2018-04-20 2022-04-12 Daicel Corporation Spinning apparatus and spinning method
RU2741069C1 (ru) * 2020-04-03 2021-01-22 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт физики твердого тела Российской академии наук (ИФТТ РАН) Индуктивно-емкостный фильтр
EP4219807A1 (en) * 2022-01-28 2023-08-02 Fare' S.p.A. a Socio Unico Apparatus and process for producing a nonwoven fabric
US12054865B2 (en) 2022-01-28 2024-08-06 Fare' S.P.A. A Socio Unico Apparatus and process for producing a nonwoven fabric

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE714163A (en:Method) 1968-09-16
GB1158099A (en) 1969-07-16
FR1573141A (en:Method) 1969-07-04
DE1760293A1 (de) 1972-04-20

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