US3489073A - Pressure-tight blast valve - Google Patents

Pressure-tight blast valve Download PDF

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Publication number
US3489073A
US3489073A US538037A US3489073DA US3489073A US 3489073 A US3489073 A US 3489073A US 538037 A US538037 A US 538037A US 3489073D A US3489073D A US 3489073DA US 3489073 A US3489073 A US 3489073A
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United States
Prior art keywords
valve
elements
pressure
closure
air
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Expired - Lifetime
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US538037A
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English (en)
Inventor
Karl Sauter
Gottfried Schindler
Alex Haerter
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Luwa Ltd
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Luwa Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B13/00—Special devices for ventilating gasproof shelters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/006—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves specially adapted for shelters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S454/00—Ventilation
    • Y10S454/902—Air raid shelter ventilation

Definitions

  • the present invention has reference to an improved arrangement of quick closure mechanisms for the automatic pressure-tight sealing of the aeration openings or air passages of shelters from the action or pressure surges, and which are especially protective against atomic explosions.
  • pressure or pressure surges or any equivalent expression, as employed herein is intended to cover both the shock or pressure wave and subsequent suction Wave which appear when an explosion occurs.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide an improved arrangement of quick closure mechanisms for protective shelters and similar structures 3,489,073 Patented Jan. 13, 1970 .which effectively overcomes the drawbacks of the prior art structures.
  • Another, more specific object of the invention is directed to an improved arrangement of quick closure mechanisms for the air passage openings of a shelter or the like, wherein air can effectively reach the shelter interior, the protective quick closure mechanisms respond reliably and rapidly in the presence of pressure surges, and wherein the power requirements and pressure drop through the system are minimized.
  • Still another considerable object of this invention has reference to an improved arrangement of quick closure mechanisms for the air passage opening or openings of protective shelters wherein forces acting upon the carrier for the quick closure mechanisms and brought about by the pressure surges following an explosion are taken up by such carrier and these forces tend to cancel one another.
  • the inventive arrangement of quick closure mechanisms is generally characterized by the features that the quick closure mechanisms are arranged at a carrier or support and for the purpose of uniformly distributing and taking up pressure forces or surges acting upon them are located at the surface of a geometric body having a regular base and defined by the carrier, wherein the longitudinal axis of the geometric body is disposed perpendicular to the plane containing the base, and the generatrix of the geometric body extends substantially parallel to the aforesaid longitudinal axis or passes through a point thereof.
  • geometric body or any equivalent expression as used herein, there is to be understood a surface which is formed by moving in space a flat generant curve or line.
  • a large number of geometric bodies possess a longitudinal axis and are capable of being developed. The latter are also known as developable bodies or surfaces and constitute preferred embodiments.
  • the advantage of the inventive arrangement resides in the fact that with a given passage cross-section through the shelter wall and a given pressure drop which is to be maintained, it is possible to feed the arrangement with a multiple of the previously used air quantity, for instance eight times a much, or in the case of a given air quantity and a given pressure drop which is to be maintained, a considerably smaller wall through-passage area is required without having to considerably increasingly load the shelter wall punctured by the air channel and without intensifying the radiation load at the shelter.
  • the inventive apparatus is particularly advantageous with large air quantities, one hundred thousand cubic meters per hour for instance.
  • the inventive apparatus also provides the further advantage that entry of air into a protective structure, which always constitutes one of its weak points, he comes considerably less perceivable, this being of importance with regard to military installations.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of inventive blast closure apparatus having valve elements arranged in substantially polygonal configuration, and viewed along the line I-I of FIGURE 2;
  • FIGURE 2 is arpartial cross-sectional view of the embodiment of apparatus depicted in FIGURE 1, substantially as seen when viewed along the line 11-11 thereof;
  • FIGURE 3 is a perspective view of a portion of the 3 valve unit or block employed in the arrangement of FIG- URE 1;
  • FIGURE 4 shows details of the valve elements forming the valve block depicted in FIGURE 3;
  • FIGURE 5 shows the assembly of a valve block or unit formed from the valve elements depicted in FIG- URES 3 and 4;
  • FIGURE 6 is a fragmentary, cross-sectional view showing a detail of the valve block of FIGURES 3 to 5;
  • FIGURE 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a modified embodiment of inventive apparatus
  • FIGURE 8 is a cross-sectional view of the arrangement of FIGURE 7, substantially taken along the line VIII-VIII thereof;
  • FIGURE 9 shows a detail of the arrangement of FIG- URES 7 and 8;
  • FIGURE 10 schematically depicts a further embodiment of inventive arrangement of the quick closure mechanisms
  • FIGURE 11 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view, taken along line XI-XI of FIGURE 12, of another embodiment of inventive apparatus, here provided with a perforated cylinder jacket as the carrier or cage and which at the same time forms the valve body; and
  • FIGURE 12 is a cross-sectional View of the arrangement of FIGURE 11, taken along the line XIIXII thereof.
  • FIG. 8 Describing now the drawings, and initially directing attention to the embodiment of inventive apparatus depicted in FIGURES 1 and 2, it will be recognized that the entire arrangement of blast closure device depicted therein is designated by reference character 8.
  • This blast closure device 8 is secured, for instance, to a vertical inner wall 90 of a protective shelter or similar structure.
  • a cylindrical air channel or duct 1 piercingly extends through this wall 90 and communicates with the surrounding air.
  • Air channel 1 has a lining in the form of a pipe 2 possessing a flange 3 at its end facing towards the compartment of the shelter.
  • This flange 3 is anchored to the inner wall 90 by means of eight sleeves 6 each provided with an inner or internal threading 4 and an anchoring ring 5.
  • the pipe or tube '2 with the flange 3 and the anchoring sleeves 6 are embedded in concrete at the inner wall 90 during erection of the shelter.
  • a tie or tension rod 7 is threaded into the internal threading of each anchoring sleeve 6.
  • the exemplary inventive embodiment of blast closure device 8 possesses an essentially cylindrical-shaped carrier body or cage 10 having a horizontal longitudinal axis 91.
  • This carrier body or cage 10 is closed in axial direction at the side of the shelter by means of an arched cover member 12.
  • the latter has a flange 25 provided with bores 26 and is connected with the carrier body or cage 10 by means of nuts 27 screwed onto the free ends of the tension rods 7, so that said carrier body 10 is held fixed at the inner wall 90 of the protective shelter.
  • carrier body or cage 10 is formed of three annular or ring members 13, 14, axially spaced from one another and coaxially arranged with respect to the longitudinal axis 91. Each of these rings 13, 14 and 15 advantageously have the same inner diameter.
  • Cage or carrier 10 is further composed of eight respective straight webs or crosspieces 19 and and eight respective segment pieces 16, 17 and 18.
  • the webs 19 and 20 which are here formed as angle irons enclosing an obtuse angle for instance, are arranged in the direct proximity and externally of the tension rods 7, and are equally spaced from one another about the circumference of the rings 13, 14 and 15. Webs 19 and 20 interconnect each two neighboring rings 13 and 14 and 14 and 15 respectively, substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis 91.
  • the segment pieces 16, 17 and 18 are located transverse or at right angles to the longitudinal axis 91 and interconnect each two neighboring webs with one another, and further, are secured to the inner side of the rings 13, 14 and 15 respectively.
  • These segment pieces 16, 17 and 18 and the Webs 19, 20 in this instance define a regular prism, wherein its eight-sided base is situated at the plane of the Wall of the shelter.
  • the longitudinal axis 91 of the carrier or cage 10 here extends at a right angle or perpendicular to the plane of the aforementioned base of the polygon or prism.
  • the generatrix of the geometric body defined by the carrier 10, the Webs 19, 20, extend parallel to the longitudinal axis 91.
  • Neighboring webs 19 or 20 which are located at the same circumferential portion form together with the interconnecting segment pieces 16 and 17 or 17 and 18 respectively, rectangular windows at which valve blocks or units 11 are secured. It will also be appreciated that each two windows situated behind one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis 91 form the side wall of the eightsided prism.
  • valve blocks or units 11 such are assembled from quick closure mechanisms or valve elements 28, best shown in FIGURES 3 to 6 and which will be discussed in greater detail hereinafter.
  • These valve elements or quick closure mechanisms 28 are here disposed parallel to the lengthwise or longitudinal axis 91 and form in their entirety the surface of a double row prismatic rim or crown.
  • the valve blocks 11 can be assembled in optional length in the circumferential direction of the carrier or cage 10 from the valve elements 28, whereby the diameter of the cage is enlarged, however, exhibit a constant spread or expanse in axial direction and are somewhat larger than the associated window, whereby the projecting portions are situated in one plane and serve as the support surfaces for attachment at the carrier or cage 10.
  • valve elements 28 could also be arranged transverse to the longitudinal axis 91, as will be further considered in greater detail hereinafter.
  • valve blocks or units 11 are fixed at the carrier or cage 10 by means of screws 23 or any other suitable fastening expedients.
  • a single quick closure mechanism or valve element 28 comprises two valve webs or bodies 34, two spacer pieces 21 and a plate-like valve spring or closure member 32.
  • the valve spring 32 is mounted freely for movement in the cutouts or notches 30 of the spacer pieces 21 and acts as an elastic valve flap which is flexed and lifted somewhat in axial direction relative to these notches 30, by a pressure difference, towards the side of the smaller pressure, and thus, by means of their lateral edges bear at the concave seating surfaces 33 of the valve webs or bodies 34 to thereby shut olf the throughflow of air in the relevant direction.
  • valve elements 28 operate both in the presence of overpressures as well as suction.
  • the closure for a complete valve block or unit 11 is formed by closure plates 29, as best shown in FIGURES 4 and 5.
  • a similar type of quick closure mechanism or valve element is shown and described in the copending, commonly assigned, United States Patent No. 3,301,168 of Gottfried Schindler and Karl Sauter, issued Jan. 31, 1967 and entitled Quick Closure Mechanism for the Air Passage Openings of Shelters and the Like.
  • valve webs or bodies 34 of concave form are, for example, formed of cast light metal or forgings and possess a cross-section best depicted in FIGURE 6. However, they could also be formed of any other suitable material.
  • valve bodies 34 there are provided means for assembling the valve bodies or webs 34 to the other members to form an individual valve element or quick closure mechanism 28 and then to form the latter into a valve block 11.
  • both the valve bodies 34 as well as the distance pieces or spacers 21 possess bores 35 of the same diameter which align in the assembled condition and receive a respective tension screw 36 having two threaded ends 37 (FIGURE 5).
  • both of the cover or closure plates 29 of a valve block or assembly 11 have bores 38 corresponding to the bores 35, however with cylindrical countersinkings 39 for the receipt of circular nuts 40, by means of which the valve blocks 11 are threadably fastened together.
  • the rubber seals 41 and 42 are adhesively connected, or otherwise aflixed, at the portions of the valve block which bear against the edges of the window-shaped openings of the carrier or cage 10, as best shown in FIGURE 4.
  • FIGURES 7, 8 and 9 depict a further embodiment of the inventive arrangement of quick closure mechanisms, wherein the individual valve bodies 43 are uniformly distributed about the circumference of a cylinder cage and in their entirety form two cylindrical valve crowns or rims.
  • the distance or spacer pieces 44 here employed, however, possess side surfaces 44a which are inclined with respect to one another, the wedge angle a of which is dependent upon the number of spacers 44 which are used and the radius of the cylindrical carrier or cage 10.
  • each two neighboring valve webs or bodies 43 together with the therebetween disposed distance pieces and an intermediate arranged leaf spring form a valve element.
  • the spacers or distance pieces 44 possess four respective projections or lips 45 which engage in corresponding holes or bores 46 of the neighboring valve body 43.
  • These distance pieces 44 when assembled, form a circumferen tial groove 47 in which there is situated a bipartite tensioning ring 48, by means of which the formed valve crown or rim is held together.
  • the construction and assembly of such valve crown initially takes place in two halves, these are then radially pushed together and pressed into contact by the tensioning ring 48 through the agency of non-illustrated screws or equivalent structure.
  • Attachment of the valve crowns or rims at the wall of the shelter is undertaken by means of eight tension or tie rods 49 embedded into the shelter wall and with the aid of a ring flange 50 and nuts 51.
  • a cover member 52 connected with the ring flange 50 closes the cage or carrier body 10 at the side of the shelter.
  • FIGURE 10 illustrates a further variant of the invention.
  • the valve blocks 59 similar to the valve blocks 11, form the side walls of a regular, eight-sided prism.
  • the carrier body or cage supporting these valve blocks 59 in this instance, consists of eight diagonally arranged full or solid walls 53 secured to a rod 54 located at the lengthwise or longitudinal axis of the prism, whereby the free ends of such solid or full Walls bear against the edges of the regular, that is equal-sided prism.
  • rod 54 located at the lengthwise or longitudinal axis of the prism, whereby the free ends of such solid or full Walls bear against the edges of the regular, that is equal-sided prism.
  • At these free ends there are welded lengthwise extending webs 55, once again formed of angle irons enclosing an obtuse angle.
  • valve elements 28 of the valve blocks 59 are situated at right angles or transverse to the lengthwise axis of the prism. These valve elements or quick closure mechanisms 28 are assembled into the valve block 59 by means of tension screws and countersunk circular nuts in the same manner as already explained with regard to the structure depicted in FIGURES 3 to 5, and
  • the sides of the regular polygon or prism have a constant length independent of the number of corners, since such is determined by the length of an individual valve element 28 (FIGURE 4).
  • the number of valve elements 28 in a valve block 59, in the embodiment of FIGURE 10, only has an influence upon the length of the quick closure apparatus in axial direction of the carrier or cage.
  • FIGURES 11 and 12 depict a further embodiment of the invention, wherein a perforated cylindrical sleeve or jacket 69 simultaneously serves as carrier body or cage.
  • This cylindrical sleeve 69 is welded to a flange 70 mounted, by means of eight anchoring screws 82, at the inner wall of the shelter.
  • this cylindrical sleeve 69 is obturated in axial direction towards the shelter by a cover member 71 threadably connected via a number of screws 72 with said cylindrical sleeve '69.
  • eight webs 74 in the form of T-profiles are welded at equal spacing from one another parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder and at the inner surface of such sleeve.
  • a perforated valve plate 75 is arranged between each two T-profiles 74, also parallel to the cylinder axis. These valve plates 75 are guided in the spaces or compartments 76 formed by the cylindrical jacket 69 and the T-profiles 74.
  • the perforations 77 of the valve plates 75 are offset with respect to the perforations 78 of the cylindrical jacket or sleeve 69, so that the valve plates 75, when in their sealing or hearing position, seal the sector of the cylindrical jacket located between each two neighboring T-profiles 74.
  • an explosion wave occurring in the direction of the arrow of FIGURE 11 presses the valve plates 75 against the cylindrical sleeve or jacket 69, thereby seals the shelter compartment against the overpressure prevailing outside of the aforesaid shelter compartment.
  • the cylindrical sleeve 69 being an integral structure and forming the individual axially parallel surface sections between the profile irons 74, it could also be assembled from separate sheet metal wall sections interconnected along their longitudinal edges by such profile irons.
  • the air flows through the air channel 1 in the direction of the arrow, in other words, in the direction of the longitudinal axis 91 (FIGURE 1) of the carrier body or cage 10 and into the blast closure device. Since the cover member 12 blocks the flow path in axial direction, the air will stream in centrifugal-or radial direction through the quick closure mechanisms, i.e., valve blocks 11, and leaves the carrier body or cage 10. An occurring pressure wave presses the resilient elements 32 or 77 instantaneously against the corresponding seating portion 33 or 78, so that the quick closure mechanisms close in about one millisecond.
  • the quick closure elements When the resilient elements 32 or 77 press against the corresponding seating portions 33 or 78 to assume the closed position, the quick closure elements form a jacket of a hood which serves to cover the air opening in the wall of the protective shelter. In so doing, the occurring pressure acting upon the inner surface of the quick closure elements is transmitted to the carrier body or cage and must be taken up by such.
  • the carrier or cage can also, with increased spacing from the shelter wall, exhibit changing cross-section, in other words, can be conical or pyramid-shaped, or taper to a point.
  • the quick closure apparatus is secured to a wall of a shelter.
  • inventive quick closure mechanisms can, however, also be mounted at the end of an air channel at the side of the external surrounding air, whereby such is advantageously protected by suitable structural expedients, such as means for the lateral delivery of air, protective walls or otherwise, so as to safeguard against direct destruction by flying objects and the like.
  • suitable structural expedients such as means for the lateral delivery of air, protective walls or otherwise, so as to safeguard against direct destruction by flying objects and the like.
  • the apparatus should not project above the surface of the ground unprotected.
  • the longitudinal axis of the carrier being horizontal, the device could be mounted such that it is vertical.
  • a quick closure device for automatic pressure-tight sealing of said air ventilation opening; particularly against the pressure effect of atomic bomb explosions, said device comprising a hood which serves to cover said air ventilation opening in said wall of said protective shelter, said hood comprising a plurality of movable closure elements normally in an open position, and a plurality of stationary seating elements for said closure elements, each of said closure elements interacting in sealing fashion with said seating elements to assume a closed position as a result of the pressure effect, said closure elements and said seating elements providing air paths when in the open position, said plurality of movable closure elements cooperating with said plurality of stationary seating elements to form a jacket of said hood which is pressure-tight in said closed position of said closure elements.
  • a quick closure device for automatic pressure-tight sealing of said air ventilation opening, particularly against the pressure effect of atomic bomb explosions, said device comprising a hood which serves to cover said air ventilation opening in said wall of said protective shelter, said hood comprising a plurality of movable closure elements, and a plurality of stationary seating elements for said closure elements, each of said closure elements interacting in sealing fashion with said seating elements to assume a closed position as a result of the pressure effect, said closure elements and said seating elements providing air paths when in the open position, said plurality of movable closure elements co operating with said plurality of stationary seating elements to form a jacket of said hood which is pressuretight in said closed position of said closure elements.
  • said seating elements comprising a number of parallely arranged and spaced web-shaped valve bodies each having valve seating surfaces, and said closure elements each comprising a substantially strip-shaped valve closure plate arranged between each two valve bodies.
  • a quick closure device for automatic pressure-tight sealing of said air ventilation opening, particularly against the pressure effect of atomic bomb explosions, said device comprising a hood which serves to cover said air ventilation opening in said wall of said protective shelter, said hood comprising a plurality of movable closure elements, and a plurality of stationary seating elements for said closure elements, each of said closure elements interacting in sealing fashion with said seating elements to assume a closed position as a result of the pressure effect, said closure elements and said seating elements providing air paths when in the open position, said plurality of movable closure elements cooperating with said plurality of stationary seating elements to form a jacket of said hood which is pressure-tight in said closed position of said closure elements, said closure elements and said seating elements being perforated plates, said seating elements forming axially parallel surface sectrons of a circular cylinder, the wall sections thus formed being connected along their longitudinal edges by profile Irons which serve to support said closure elements, said profile irons when associated with said closure elements
  • a quick closure device for automatic pressure-tight sealing of said air ventilation opening, particularly against the pressure efiect of atomic bomb explosions, said device comprising a hood which serves to cover said air ventilation opening in said wall of said protective shelter, said hood comprising a plurality of movable closure elements, and a plurality of stationary seating elements for said closure elements, each of said closure elements interacting in sealing fashion with said seating elements to assume a closed position as a result of the pressure effect, said closure elements and said seating elements providing air paths when in the open position, said plurality of movable closure elements cooperating with said plurality of stationary seating elements to form a jacket of said hood which is pressure-tight in said closed position of said closure elements, said seating elements comprising a number of parallely arranged and spaced web-shaped valve bodies each having a first valve seating surface and a second valve seating surface such that said movable closure element will seat against said first valve seating surface when the pressure efiect thereon

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Check Valves (AREA)
US538037A 1965-04-02 1966-03-28 Pressure-tight blast valve Expired - Lifetime US3489073A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH463065A CH476502A (de) 1965-04-02 1965-04-02 Verschlussvorrichtung zum Verschliessen von Belüftungsleitungen von Schutzbauten

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US3489073A true US3489073A (en) 1970-01-13

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US538037A Expired - Lifetime US3489073A (en) 1965-04-02 1966-03-28 Pressure-tight blast valve

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US (1) US3489073A (de)
AT (1) AT267140B (de)
BE (1) BE678849A (de)
CH (1) CH476502A (de)
FI (1) FI42178B (de)
NO (1) NO118343B (de)
SE (1) SE319388B (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH699655A1 (de) * 2008-10-10 2010-04-15 Oekag Wassertechnik Schweiz Ag Vorrichtung zum Zurückhalten aufsteigender Warmluft.
US11073300B2 (en) 2016-09-13 2021-07-27 Beth-El Zikhron Yaaqov Industries Ltd. Blast valve utilizing an aerodynamically configured blade

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2588289A (en) * 1948-07-12 1952-03-04 Pouliot Pierre Ventilator for cold storage chambers
US3296952A (en) * 1964-06-19 1967-01-10 Mosler Safe Co Blast closure
US3301168A (en) * 1963-04-18 1967-01-31 Luwa Ag Quick closure mechanism for the air passage openings of shelters and the like

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2588289A (en) * 1948-07-12 1952-03-04 Pouliot Pierre Ventilator for cold storage chambers
US3301168A (en) * 1963-04-18 1967-01-31 Luwa Ag Quick closure mechanism for the air passage openings of shelters and the like
US3296952A (en) * 1964-06-19 1967-01-10 Mosler Safe Co Blast closure

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH699655A1 (de) * 2008-10-10 2010-04-15 Oekag Wassertechnik Schweiz Ag Vorrichtung zum Zurückhalten aufsteigender Warmluft.
US11073300B2 (en) 2016-09-13 2021-07-27 Beth-El Zikhron Yaaqov Industries Ltd. Blast valve utilizing an aerodynamically configured blade

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH476502A (de) 1969-08-15
BE678849A (de) 1966-09-16
NO118343B (de) 1969-12-15
FI42178B (de) 1970-02-02
AT267140B (de) 1968-12-10
SE319388B (de) 1970-01-12

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