US3488938A - Method and apparatus for winding yarn - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for winding yarn Download PDF

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US3488938A
US3488938A US442858A US3488938DA US3488938A US 3488938 A US3488938 A US 3488938A US 442858 A US442858 A US 442858A US 3488938D A US3488938D A US 3488938DA US 3488938 A US3488938 A US 3488938A
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Prior art keywords
yarn
package
winding
speed
spindle
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US442858A
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English (en)
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Bryan K Johnson
Frederick A Smith
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British Nylon Spinners Ltd
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British Nylon Spinners Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H1/00—Spinning or twisting machines in which the product is wound-up continuously
    • D01H1/14—Details
    • D01H1/20—Driving or stopping arrangements
    • D01H1/28—Driving or stopping arrangements for two or more machine elements possessing different characteristics but in operative association
    • D01H1/30—Driving or stopping arrangements for two or more machine elements possessing different characteristics but in operative association with two or more speeds; with variable-speed arrangements
    • D01H1/305—Speed control of the spindles in response to the displacements of the ring rail
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H54/00—Winding, coiling, or depositing filamentary material
    • B65H54/02—Winding and traversing material on to reels, bobbins, tubes, or like package cores or formers
    • B65H54/38—Arrangements for preventing ribbon winding ; Arrangements for preventing irregular edge forming, e.g. edge raising or yarn falling from the edge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
    • B65H2701/30—Handled filamentary material
    • B65H2701/31—Textiles threads or artificial strands of filaments

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for winding yarn in the form of cylindrically-wound packages, in which the yarn is laid with a relatively high helix angle, and associated therewith is drive means including means by which the speed of the spindles on which the packages are being formed is variable during the winding of the packages.
  • cylindrically-Wound package refers to packages in which at least a part of each layer of yarn is wound so as to form part of a cylindrical portion of the package (although not necessarily a right cylinder).
  • the packages may be wholly of cylindrical form i.e. cheeses, or be of other forms of build, such as conicalended packages of, for example, pirn or long-to-short build.
  • the chuck o-r spindle upon which the package container is clamped during the winding operation will be referred to as a spindle, irrespective of whether a wholly cylindrical package or a conically-ended package is formed thereon.
  • helix angle is used in this specification to refer to the maximum angle of inclination of the curve representing the developed view of the lay of the yarn on the package, to the mean axis of this curve, and a relatively high value for this angle is an angle in excess of 1, although it may vary throughout the winding of a package.
  • wind ratios a small integer or a ratio of small integers at these points, hereinafter referred to as wind ratios, these wind ratios corresponding to periods during the winding opeation when the yarn in one layer of the package is laid directly on the yarn of layers laid immediately previously, at these wind ratios this synchronisation of the winding causing ridges of yarn to be produced within the package structure.
  • the winding conditions at any particular package diameter comprise the spindle speed, traverse yarn guide speed and the yarn delivery speed.
  • conically-ended package For convenience hereinafter such packages produced by over-end winding apparatus will be referred to as conically-ended package.
  • the winding apparatus will be assumed to include a ring and traveller yarn guide device, although other forms of over-end winding such as cap-spinning would also be applicable as they usually have tapered end portions.
  • the winding conditions associated with such a winding arrangement, and at any particular package diameter comprise the spindle speed, the winding-on speed of the yarn, the traveller speed, the type of build of the package and the angle of inclination of the axis of the ring to the spindle axis.
  • S is the spindle rotational speed
  • T is the ro tational speed of the traveller (in the requisite units)
  • W is the fraction of the spindle rotational speed corresponding to the winding-on of the yarn.
  • the winding speed W of the yarn is equivalent to the package rotational speed in the case of the cheese winding operation referred to above, and would be equal in magnitude to the spindle rotational speed if the traveller was stationary (i.e. T :D).
  • the points associated with the patterning, on the package in the winding of comically-ended packages correspond to the wind ratios of the cheese winding arrangement, and are when the ratio of T:W is either a small integer or a ratio of small integers.
  • ratios also may be called wind ratios, and are equivalent to the wind ratios referred to above with respect to the formation of cheeses, although the manner of formation of ridges on cheeses dilfers from that of the patterning on the comically-ended packages, and both the problem of the reduction of ridging and the reduction of patterning may be solved in equivalent ways.
  • the present invention is especially concerned with overend winding apparatus in which it is possible to control the value of S at will, and either consequently, or otherwise, to control some such aspect of the winding operation throughout the production of a comically-ended package.
  • the winding conditions may be chosen so that certain desired objects are achieved with respect to the production of the yarn packages, for example, so that the balloon tension of the yarn is maintained at a substantially constant value throughout the winding operation to produce a yarn package.
  • the winding apparatus includes programming means so that, the spindle speed S is varied through out the winding operation, in a manner ensuring that T is proportional to the package diameter, and thus the Jalloon tension of the yarn is maintained at a substantially constant value, barre being reduced in fabrics produced :rom synthetic polymer yarns so wound.
  • he traveller of a ring and traveller device can be assumed to be a wind-on guide whose speed is proportional to :he yarn tension, and not solely as a means of inserting :wist into the yarn, the function of a ring and traveller yarn guide, including the insertion of twist into the yarn and ensuring that a stable balloon is maintained by ten- ;ioning the running yarn to the requisite amount.
  • the tension in the running yarn is usually adjusted so to approximate to its minimum acceptable value for 1 stable balloon, so that a container construction which is is flimsy as possible may be used.
  • the uniform tensioning of the yarn throughout the fornation of the package implies that defects in fabrics nade of synthetic polymer yarns so wound, such as barre )1 warp-stripes are reduced. Yarns taken from such packlges will also have a better warping performance.
  • the winding programme for an over-end vound comically-ended package, may be arranged to en- ;ure that the yarn guide moves at a constant speed, so as o minimise strain within the yarn guide device, but with l gradually reducing yarn tension throughout the winding )peration.
  • the spindle speed may be programed during :he winding operation, causing the yarn balloon tension to vary, but controlling the value of the yarn denier, or its initial modulus, or the twist insertion rate.
  • the packige has an adequate stability, by providing that the turns )f the yarn, particularly if it is a synthetic polymeric mm with a relatively smooth surface, cross over each other at a relatively high helix angle, so as to interlock one with another.
  • This desired object may be obtained by, say, tilting the axis of the ring of a ring and traveller device, in the case of the over-end winding of a conically-ended package, (or by having a high traverse frequency associated with the winding of cheeses).
  • the axis of the ring of a ring and traveller device inclined to the spindle axis so that, in addition to the package so produced having increased stability, the take-off tension associated with the final layers of yarn, to be unwound from such a package, is less than that associated with a package wound without ring tilt.
  • the helix angle may he, say, V and ridging in this case is not pronounced.
  • the helix angle usually will be of the order of 3 or above.
  • the ridging on the cheese packages counteracts any increase in package stability, due to the employment of a relatively high traverse speed, and increases the tendency of the yarn to slough, when it occurs. This is because the layers of yarn are not securely laid, at those points, and further, in this case and in the case of patterning on conically-ended packages, it may be the source of uncontrollable variations in the take-off tension of the yarn, and is, in any event, unsightly.
  • the yarn thereon if subject to retraction on the package, will be unevenly stressed while in the form of the package, and hence streaks may occur in the fabric into which such yarn is made up, as these stress differences are the cause of barre and are a cause of warp stripes in woven fabrics.
  • the normal winding operation has been interrupted in a cyclic manner, by imposing a periodic variation on the winding-on speed continuously throughout the winding of a package, perhaps by applying a brake, or by causing the package to slip relatively to the traverse drum or drive roll.
  • the periods of most enhanced patterning on comically-ended packages, and of ridging on cheeses occur at predictable points'in the winding operation, these points being when the wind ratio is either a small integer or a ratio of small integers. In both cases, these points are associated with certain package diameters, the values of these diameters being calculable from a knowledge of the winding conditions pertaining to the formation of the package.
  • wind ratios which correspond to the most enhanced patterning on conically-ended packages are as follows, given in an approximately order of decreasing magnitude of the effects:
  • the patterning associated with any of the wind ratios listed above should be eliminated, or substantially reduced in the winding of a package, and possibly also the wind ratios which are multiples of 1:4 up to 11:4.
  • the wind ratios which correspond to the most enhanced ridging and which will generally occur in the winding of the package are: the inte gers 2:1; 3:1; up to 8:1; and the ratios of small integers in between these values.
  • winding apparatus for producing cylindrically-wound packages, in which the yarn is laid with a relatively high helix angle, there being a predetermined point or points during the formation of such a package associated with a period or periods during which the package is patterned or ridged, each such period corresponding to winding conditions having associated therewith a Wind ratio (as defined above) the numerical value of which is either a small integer or a ratio of small integers, includes programming means arranged to control the winding conditions and to cause an increase in the numerical value of the wind ratio at the predetermined point or points in the winding operation, so as to reduce the extent of the period or periods of enhanced patterning or ridging in the formation of the package.
  • over-end winding apparatus for producing conically-ended packages on a spindle in which package the yarn is laid with a relatively high helix angle, has programming means arranged to increase the speed of the spindle at the predetermined point or points in the winding operation, so as to reduce the extent of the period or periods of enhanced patterning in the formation of the package.
  • the programming means for the spindle drive means includes a profiled cam arranged to make one revolution between the winding of successive packages, and embodying the desired spindle speed programme, the cam controlling the spindle speed in such a manner that at the selected points during the Winding of each package this speed is increased.
  • the programming means comprises an electrical device and includes a potentiometer, position of the slides of this potentiometer being controlled by the cam, and the output signal from the programming means controlling the output of a synchronous electric motor driving the spindle on which the package is formed, this motor only driving the spindle.
  • winding apparatus for producing cheeses having a rotating spindle, the rotational speed of the spindle being arranged to be proportional to the ratio of the yarn delivery speed to the package diameter, and reciprocating traverse yarn guide means the speed of which is variable independently of the spindle speed at will, and in which package the yarn is caused to be laid with a relatively high helix angle, has programming means arranged to decrease the speed of the traverse yarn guide at the predetermined point or points in the winding operation, so as to reduce the extent of the period and periods of enhanced ridging in the formation of the package.
  • the present invention resides in a method of producing cylindrically wound packages, in which the yarn is laid with a relatively high helix angle, there being a predetermined point or points during the formation of each such package associated with a period or periods during which the package is patterned or ridged, each such period corresponding to winding conditions having associated therewith a wind ratio (as defined above) the numerical value of which is either a small integer or a ratio of small integers, comprises controlling the winding conditions to cause an increase in the numerical value of the wind ratio at the predetermined point or points in the winding operation, so as to reduce the extent of the period or periods of enhanced patterning or ridging in the formation of the package.
  • the speed of the spindle is increased at the predetermined point or points in the winding operation so as to reduce the extent of the period or periods of enhanced patterning in the formation of the package.
  • the spindle speed is arranged to be reduced throughout the winding of each package, except at the predetermined point or points, when the spindle speed is increased.
  • the program of the spindle speed may be such that optimum winding conditions are adopted where two features included in the programme are mutually inconsistent, the first feature being related to controlling the spindle speed so that this speed is increased at the predetermined point or points, and the second feature being related, say, to controlling the spindle speed so that this speed is reduced in a manner tending to maintain a constant value for the balloon tension of the yarn throughout the winding operation.
  • the allowable increase in spindle speed at any point in the winding operation will be limited, so that the winding-on tension in the yarn is not increased beyond an unacceptable level, or the change in winding-on tension is not so great as to render the properties of the yarn 'wound under this higher tension markedly different from the properties of adjacent layers of yarn, i.e. such that 7 it will be recognisable as streaks in the fabric into which the yarn is made-up.
  • the increase in spindle speed at each predetermined point may be arranged to be the minimum requisite value in Jrder to reduce substantially the patterning at that point in the winding operation, the value of the increase varying between different predetermined points.
  • the requisite increase in spindle speed at each predetermined point in the winding op- :ration is arranged to be effected during a period less :han 0.5% of the package winding period.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a draw :wist machine for producing comically-ended packages 3y over-end winding
  • FIGURE 2 shows one form of drive means for the nachine of FIGURE 1,
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates the cam used to control the spindle speed of this machine
  • FIGURE 4 is a graph of the spindle speed programme :hroughout the winding of a package, when the winding apparatus is controlled by the cam of FIGURE 3.
  • FIGURE 5a shows the lay of the yarn on a conically- :nded package produced by the apparatus of FIGURE 1, when in a pattern-free condition.
  • FIGURE 5b shows the lay of the yarn on the package In a pattern-forming condition
  • FIGURE 50 is a developed view of the lay of the package and indicates the helix angle associated with such a yarn package
  • FIGURE 6 is a cross-sectional view of a modifiec Form of control device for the spindle drive means of the nachine shown in FIGURE 1,
  • FIGURE 7 shows diagrammatically a cheese winding irrangement according to the present invention in which :he traverse yarn guide is oscillated at a speed varying according to a predetermined programme
  • FIGURE 8a shows, in an exaggerated manner, the ay of yarn on a cheese during a ridge-forming condition )f the winding apparatus of FIGURE 7, and
  • FIGURE 8b is a developed view of the lay of the yarn )f the cheese, and indicating the helix angle, 0 associrted therewith, this angle in practice being of the order f 1.
  • the apparatus shown in FIGURE 1 comprises a drawvwist machine for drawing a yarn made of a synthetic iolymer, for example, a polyamide, and for collecting he drawn yarn in the form of a comically-ended packtge by means of over-end winding.
  • a drawvwist machine for drawing a yarn made of a synthetic iolymer, for example, a polyamide, and for collecting he drawn yarn in the form of a comically-ended packtge by means of over-end winding.
  • the yarn 1 is withdrawn from a cheese 2 mounted on 1 container 3, and passes through yarn guide means, inlicated at 4, to a pair of co-operating feed rolls and 6. From these feed rolls the yarn is wrapped around an Cir inclined snubbing pin 7, which causes a considerable physical restraint to be imposed on the yarn, resulting in the yarn necking and being stretched to, say, five times its original length. The yarn then passes around draw rolls 8 and 9, which forward the yarn at a speed five times greater than it is forwarded by the feed rolls 5 and 6.
  • the yarn guide means casing the yarn to be laid on the package, comprises a conventional ring and traveller device 13 mounted on a ring rail 14, this ring rail 14 being reciprocated along the spindle axis by a known form of builder mechanism, including a striker plate 15 secured to the ring rail 14 for reciprocation therewith. At each end of each reciprocation stroke the plate 15 is arranged to operate a microswitch 16 or 17, and so causing the reversal of the direction of movement of the ring rail.
  • the positions of the microswitches 16 and 17 are controlled respectively by two cams 18 and 19, rotatably mounted on a shaft 20 driven at a constant speed.
  • the builder mechanism is adjusted so that a long-to-short package is produced, the distance between the microswitches, and consequently the stroke length of the reciprocation of the ring rail 14 along the package axis, continuously decreasing throughout the winding operation, the cams 18 and .19 rotating through 330 during the winding of each package.
  • the axis of the ring of the ring and traveller yarn guide device 13 is inclined at an angle of 3 to the axis of the spindle 12.
  • the yarn is laid on the package in the form of closely-wound helical turns on which is superimposed a sinusoidal wave-form due to the inclination of the ring causing the traveller to have a small amplitude oscillating movement along the spindle axis.
  • This sinusoidal component of the lay of the yarn on the package causes the yarn to interlock, and so is less liable to sloughing, but does cause the yarn to form a surface relief pattern on the package at certain diameters as the package is being formed.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a convenient form of drive means for the draw-twist machine illustrated in FIGURE 1.
  • This drive means comprises a synchronous electric motor driving a shaft 26 at a constant speed, this shaft being coupled to the feed rolls 6 and 7, and the draw rolls 8 and 9 of the machine.
  • a second constant speed shaft 27 also is driven by the motor 25, and in turn drives a third constant speed shaft 28, through co-operating pinions 29 and 30.
  • the shaft 27 is coupled to a variable pitch pulley 32, and the spindle 12 is driven by the motor 25, through this variable speed device 32, shaft 33, and the shaft 27.
  • the pitch of the pulley 32, and consequently the spindle speed, is controlled by the position of a lever 34 coupled to the variable pitch pulley 32.
  • This lever 34 carries a cam follower 35 arranged to engage a cam 36 (shown in FIG- URE 3, but not shown in FIGURE 2), this cam 36 being rotatably mounted on the arm shaft 20, which is driven at a constant speed from the shaft 28.
  • the spindle speed is varied throughout the winding of a package in accordance to the profile of the cam 36, the spindle 12 being driven by the motor 25 via the variable speed device 32, which is controlled by the cam 36 through the cam follower 35 and lever 34.
  • the cam profile which embodies the spindle speed programme throughout the winding of each package incorporates the features that the spindle speed reduces throughout the winding of each package, except at those points in the winding operation at which enhanced patterning of the package surface occurs these points corresponding to certain predictable package diameters.
  • This feature of the spindle speed programme being illustrative of the present invention, will be referred to in detail below, with reference to the data presented in the form of the graph comprising FIGURE 4.
  • the cam 36 illustrated in FIGURE 3, causes the spindle speed to be reduced from its initial high value, at40 on the cam profile, to its final, relatively low value at 41.
  • the spindle speed should be reduced during the winding of each package, of the possible types of build for comically-ended packages, with which the present invention is concerned, the long-to-short build, in which the ring rail has a continuously reducing reciprocating stroke length throughout the winding operation, is particularly advantageous when a reducing-spindle-speed programme is desired, as in this case the maximum productivity is possible from the winding apparatus.
  • a constant-spindle-speed device has a maximum acceptable rotational speed for a full package of 4.5 inches diameter on a 2 inches diameter container of 5000 r.p.m. If the device has a constant yarn delivery speed of 1,330 feet per minute, the traveller speed increases from 3,000 r.p.m. to 5,080 r.p.m. during the winding of the package.
  • the spindle-speed of the reducing spindle-speed apparatus, winding an equivalent package may start at 8,630 r.p.m. the yarn delivery speed being constant throughout the winding operation at 3,200 feet per minute, and the traveller speed being constant at 3,000 r.p.m.
  • winding apparatus with a reducing-spindle-speed device has increased productivity by over winding apparatus employing a constant spindle-speed throughout. Further, the traveller speed has been reduced by a maximum value of 41% and so reduced the possible stress within this part of the apparatus.
  • the long-to-short package build also enables the balloon tension yarn and hence the yarn take-off tension to be controlled, is controlled, the balloon tension of the yarn being maintained substantially at a constant value throughout the winding operation if the spindle speed is arranged so that the square of the traveller speed is proportional to the package diameter as the package is being formed.
  • the winding apparatus having a reducing-spindle-speed device may be programmed to achieve this desired object.
  • the graph shown in FIGURE 4 indicates a suitable spindle-speed programme for the production of a longto-short comically-ended packages of 70 denier multifilament yarn having 34 constituent filaments, the yarn being delivered at 1740 feet per minute.
  • the graph is of spindle speed against package weight (this latter co-ordinate being converted to package diameter, as indicated by the axis 50), for a package of a particular overall length.
  • the chain line 51 indicates how the spindle speed should be reduced in order to obtain a constant value of the balloon-tension of the yarn on the package throughout the winding operation, this value being 8 grams, or approximately the desired minimum value for maintaining a stable balloon, namely 0.1 gram per denier.
  • the spindle speed decreases gradually throughout the formation of the package from an initial value of 9,200 r.p.m. to 7,200 r.p.m.
  • curve 51 Superimposed on this curve 51 are three curves 52, 53 and 54, respectively, representing the three periods at which the most enhanced patterning occurs during the formation of the package, i.e. corresponding to a wind ratio of 1:2, curve 52 to a wind ratio 1:1, curve 53; and to wind ratio of 3:2, being indicated by curve 54.
  • D is the package diameter (inch)
  • T the traveller speed (r.p.m.)
  • each wind ratio is represented by a line
  • each line represents the mean of a patterning zone on the graph.
  • the package wound according to the spindle speed programme embodied in the curve 51 will have enhanced surface patterning.
  • this Winding programme and imposed by the cam 36 of FIGURE 3, initially, causes the yarn to be wound under the desired balloon tension of '8 grams, but gradually falls below this value, to a value of approximately 7 grams, when the first patterning zone is approached (corresponding to the wind ratio 1:2).
  • the spindle speed is then relatively sharply increased by approximately 10%, indicated by the portion 56 of the line 55, causing the balloon tension to rise to 9 grams.
  • the patterning zone is traversed quickly, compared to the winding programme embodied in the line 51 and say, during the laying of two layers of yarn on the package, for the surface relief pattern effect to be observed.
  • the spindle speed is then caused to be gradually reduced until the next patterning zone is encountered at 57 (corresponding to wind ratio 1:1). Intermediate between these two zones 56 and 57, the line 55 on the graph crosses the line 51 corresponding to the constant balloon-tension Winding programme, the spindle speed being caused to 'be reduced at a greater rate than that required for this latter programme. Thus the value of the balloon tension will have dropped from 9 grams to 7 grams during this period.
  • the patterning zone corresponding to the wind ratio 1:1 is traversed in like manner to that described above with reference to the wind ratio 1:2. Again, the spindle speed is relatively sharply increased, by approximately 10% (although it may be necessary to have a greater increase in the spindle speed in order to eliminate patterning at this point 51 in the spindle speed programme 55). The balloon tension again rises to about 9 grams in value.
  • the rate of twist insertion in the yarn will fluctuate, but the overall value for this rate will vary only from approximately 0.25 t.p.i. at the initiation of the winding operation, to 0.17 t.p.i. at the outer layers of the package.
  • Such a variation in the twist insertion rate will not be noticeable in the appearance of fabrics into which the yarn is made, particularly as the mean insertion rate is a low value, and hence the variations in the winding conditions embodied in this programme are normally acceptable.
  • the cam 36 shown in FIGURE 3 has protrusions 42, 43, 44 respectively corresponding to the points 56, 57 and 58 in the spindle speed programme 55, the profile of the cam embodying the programme 55.
  • FIGURE 5 The appearance of the patterning on the surface of a conically-ended package, and the manner of its forma tion is indicated in FIGURE 5.
  • the yarn is laid on the package in the form of closely wound helical :urns on which is superimposed a sinusoidal wave form, when the axis of the ring of the ring and traveller yarn guide device is inclined to the spindle axis.
  • the maximum angle of the inclination of the curve representing the developed view of the lay of the yarn on the package, to the mean axis of this curve, is herein defined as the helix angle, and is the angle (0) indicated in FIGURE 50.
  • the value of this angle is relatively high, say, in excess of 1, which it usually will be if the axis of the ring is intentionally tilted with respect to the spindle axis, then patterning of the package surface at certain package diameters occurs.
  • each turn of yarn includes a small integral number of sinusoidal waves, i.e. the value for the wind ratio.
  • this merging of the turns of yarn causes ridges to be formed on the package surface, each ridge comprising only a small part of the length of each turn, and being inclined at an angle approximating to the helix angle (0) thereto.
  • the yarn lay shown in FIGURE 5a corresponds to, say, a wind ratio of 1:1, while the yarn lay shown in FIG- URE 5b corresponds to a wind ratio of, say, 1.001: 1.
  • the numerical value of the wind ratio progressively increases throughout the winding operation; and in increasing the spindle speed at the points 56, 57, 58, referred to above, the numerical value of the wind ratio will be sharply increased at these points.
  • the spindle speed programme is not such that the spindle speed increase ends in another zone of enhanced patterning, associated with a wind ratio which is either a small integer or a ratio of small integers.
  • the period taken to traverse any zone of enhanced patterning should be as short as possible.
  • the spindle speed programme should intersect the wind ratio curves 52, 53, 54, at an angle approaching a right angle.
  • the magnitude of the requisite spindle speed increase in order to traverse one of these patterning zones will vary with difierent wind ratios, but generally will be less than 20% of the mean value of the spindle speed at this point, although such an increase may cause an excessive increase in the balloon tension of the yarn.
  • the most enhanced patterning occurs when the wind ratio is a small integer, the most severe period corresponding to the wind ratio 1:1. With wind ratios comprising ratios of small integers, the patterning generally will not be as intense, nor as densely distributed over the package surface.
  • the value of the balloon tension may vary over a wide range during the winding of such a package, for example, if the spindle speed is kept at a constant value, the balloon tension may change by as much as 250%.
  • all the patterning corresponding to the wind ratios listed above should be eliminated, or substantially reduced, and possibly also the patterning corresponding to the wind ratios which are multiples of 1:4 up to 11:4.
  • the Wind ratios which are multiples of 1:5; 1:6; etc. are of relatively minor, importance and may be ignored, although clearly a further improved package would be obtained by the elimination of, or the reduction in the extent of, some, or all, of these wind ratios.
  • the profile of the cam 36 is adjustable (or conforms to that of an adjustable cam), so that the desired spindle speed programme may be determined initially in an empirical manner.
  • the basic profile of such an adjustable cam would be such that the speed of the spindle of the winding apparatus is reduced during the winding of a package, except where knuckles are displaceably attached to the surface of the cam, the spindle speed being increased when the cam-follower engages these knuckles.
  • the cam should be profiled so that at a position mid-way between adjacent knuckles the spindle speed is such that the desired balloon tension is maintained in the yarn, while at the position immediately before the engagement of a knuckle the spindle speed is, say, below the value required in order to give this desired balloon tension at that position.
  • each knuckle causes the spindle speed to rise rapidly, from this value below, to the same value above the spindle speed required to maintain this desired balloon tension.
  • the spindle speed is then arranged to fall gradually before engaging the next knuckle, to a value corresponding to a balloon tension 10% below the predetermined value at the point corresponding to this next successive knuckle.
  • the positions of the knuckles are deter-mined during the initial setting-up of the apparatus.
  • knuckle positions can best be determined empirically, rather than by determining the ab solute values for the traveller speed or winding-on speed or even by a determination of the relevant package diameters, a knuckle being secured to the cam profile where patterning is observed during the previous production of a yarn package.
  • the spindle speed may not be necessary for the spindle speed to be increased by as much as 20% at the patterning points so as to reduce effectively the extent of the patterning, although a spindle speed change as low as 6% may prove to be satisfactory, in the case of the patterning conditions associated with certain of the points defined above.
  • knuckles of various heights are used, the height of each knuckle corresponding to the spindle speed change required at that point in the winding operation.
  • variable-pitch pulley and cam arrangement instead of the variable-pitch pulley and cam arrangement described above, other forms of programming means, for example, electrical or electronic devices may be employed, for example, by having a main motor for the draw rolls etc. and a separate motor for the spindle, the programming means being associated with this latter motor, so as to control the spindle speed in the desired manner.
  • the spindle speed is arranged to be increased so that the patterning condition is passed through quickly and, hence, its effect either to be reduced or eliminated.
  • a modification of the winding apparatus of the draw twist machine described above includes a different form of device for controlling the spindle speed in accordance with the programme embodied in the cam 36 of FIG- URE 3.'This control device 60 is electrical in form and is illustrated in FIGURE 6, and will now be described, those parts which are identical to corresponding parts described above being given the same reference numerals, and will not be referred to again except Where necessary for an understanding of the manner of operation of this modification.
  • the spindle 12 is driven by a synchronous DC. motor (not shown), individually of the main drive means which drives the draw rolls and feed rolls of the draw twist machine.
  • the current supplied to the DC. motor is controlled by a reference voltage from a linear potentiometer 61, the slider 62 of which is rigidly secured to the cam follower 63 of the programming cam 35.
  • the spindle speed is varied as in the previously described embodiment, the value of the spindle speed being determined by the position of the slider 62 of the potentiometer '61 the output of which is connected to the DC. motor by a lead 64.
  • the reference voltage from the potentiometer 61 is compared with that obtained from a tacho-generator connected to the output shaft of the DC motor.
  • the error signal obtained by this comparison is then used to alter the setting of the D.C. motor.
  • Trimming rotary potentiometers may be provided at either end of the linear potentiometer '61, each having a range of approximately 20% of the linear potentiometer range, and are used to control the range of the linear potentiometer.
  • This control arrangement for the Winding apparatus is of particular application Where it is required to control also the start-up and slow-down performance of the draw twist machine, during the production of each yarn package, in order to reduce yarn breakages, which are more likely to occur at these points in the winding of a package, than intermediate therebetween.
  • an electrical timer may be included in the apparatus so that the draw rolls are not operably connected to the drive means until say, 4 seconds, after the spindle has been so connected.
  • a second timer which controls the slow-down performance of the draw twist machine may also be provided.
  • a tacho-generator monitors the speed of the main drive means motor, and feeds back a signal to the DC. motor to drive it against brake pressure acting on the spindle during the slow down of the machine.
  • both motors slow down with speeds which are a predetermined ratio of each other, the draw-rolls slowing down freely and the timing of the application of the brake to the spindle is controlled so as to maintain a traveller speed of at least 2,000 rpm.
  • FIGURE 7 A cheese winding arrangement according to the present invention is shown in FIGURE 7.
  • This arrangement comprises a synchronous electric motor the output shaft 71 of which drives a spindle 72 on which the cheese 73 is being formed, the cheese container 74 being clamped to the spindle 72 in any convenient way.
  • Conventional traverse yarn guide means comprises a reciprocating yarn guide 76 in the form of an open-ended notch, and is driven by a secand synchronous electric motor 77, via a variable pitch pulley arrangement, shown at 78, the traverse guide speed being varied in accordance with the profile of a control :am (not shown).
  • the yarn is delivered to the yarn guide at a constant speed from a feeding device (not shown) and hence the speed of the output shaft 71 of the motor 70, and the rotational speed of the package 73 is arranged to be con- :inuously reduced throughout the winding of each package, as the cheese diameter increases.
  • a conventional sensing head 80 is positioned in the yarn path, the output of which head controls the output of the motor 70 via a known form of servo-device, indicated diagrammatically at 81.
  • FIGURE 8a shows in an exaggerated way the lay of the yarn on a cheese.
  • the angle of lay of the yarn has been increased, the value of this angle, normally being of the order of 1.
  • this angle is also equal to the helix angle as defined herein, ridging being pronounced on cheeses at certain package diame- :ers throughout the winding operation when this angle is in excess of 1, but will not be so enhanced when the "helix angle 0 is about, say,
  • FIGURE 8a the lay of the yarn on the cheese when the wind ratio is, say, 2:1 is shown, this being when the :raverse yarn guide executes one oscillation along the spindle axis per two spindle revolutions and synchronisation of the winding occurs.
  • the wind ratios corresponding to a period of enhanced 'idging, and normally encountered in the winding of :heeses are the integers 2:1 up to 8:1 and the ratios of small integers in between these values.
  • the method of programming the winding apparatus will be identical to that described above with reference to the formation of conically-ended packages by over-end winding.
  • the cam embodying such a cheese winding programme will resemble the cam 36 illustrated in FIGURE 3.
  • Winding apparatus including means for increasing the spindle speed at predetermined points during the winding operation of each package, may include also means for scrambling the spindle speed, which means also will tend to eliminate ridging or patterning.
  • Account may have to be taken, in this respect, according to whether the yarn being wound is either a monofilament or a multifilament yarn.
  • the increase in the speed of the spindle (or the yarn traverse guide device) will be relatively fast compared to the overall time required to wind each package, for example, a spindle speed increase of, say, 1000 rpm. being made in less than 0.5% of the package winding cycle, say, in 7.5 seconds.
  • Apparatus for producing a cylindrically-wound yarn package on a spindle in which package the yarn is laid with a helix angle in excess of one degree, there being predetermined points during the formation of such a package associated with periods during which the yarn turns merge together to form ridges, each period of enhanced ridging corresponding to winding conditions having associated therewith a wind ratio the numerical value of which is either a small integer or a ratio of small integers, including programming means having a profiled cam which makes one revolution between the winding of successive packages and embodies the desired spindle speed program whereby the winding conditions are controlled and caused to produce an increase in the numerical value of the wind ratio at predetermined points in the winding operation so as to reduce the extent of the periods of enhanced ridging in the formation of the package.
  • Apparatus having over-end winding guide means, and for producing a comically-ended yarn package on a spindle, in which package the yarn is laid with a helix angle in excess of one degree, there being pre-determined points during the formation of such a package associated with periods during which the yarn turns merge together to form a surface relief pattern effect, each period of enhanced patterning corresponding to winding conditions having associated therewith a wind ratio the numerical value of which is either a small integer or a ratio of small integers, which includes programming means having a profiled cam which makes one revolution between the winding of successive packages and embodies the desired spindle speed program whereby the Winding conditions are controlled and caused to produce an increase in the spindle speed at the pre-determined points in the winding operation, so as to reduce the extent of the periods of enhanced patterning in the formation of the package.
  • the programming means comprises an electrical device, and includes a potentiometer, the position of the slider of this potentiometer being controlled by the cam, and the output signal from the programming means controlling the spindle speed.
  • Apparatus for producing a cheese on a spindle and including a reciprocating yam traverse guide, the rotational speed of the spindle being arranged to be proportional to the ratio of the yarn delivery speed to the package diameter, and the speed of the traverse yarn guide being variable independently of the spindle speed at will, and in which cheese the yarn is laid with a helix angle in excess of one degree, there being pre-determined points during the formation of such a cheese associated with periods during which the yarn turns merge together to form ridges, each period of enhanced ridging correspond ing to winding conditions having associated therewith a wind ratio the numerical value of which is either a small integer or a ratio of small integers, which includes programming means having a profiled cam which makes one revolution between the winding of successive packages and embodies the desired spindle speed program whereby the winding conditions are controlled and caused to produce an increase in the numerical value of the wind ratio at pro-determined points in the winding operation, and thereby reduce the extent of the periods of enhanced ridging in the formation of the
  • a method of producing a cylindrically wound yarn package on a spindle in which package the yarn is laid with a helix angle in excess of one degree, there being predetermined points during the formation of such a package associated with periods during which the yarn turns merge together to form ridges, each period of enhanced ridging corresponding to winding conditions having associated therewith a wind ratio the numerical value of which is either a small integer or a ratio of small integers, which comprises controlling the winding conditions to cause an increase in the numerical value of the wind ratio at the predetermined points in the winding operation, so as to reduce the extent of the periods of enhanced ridging in the formation of the package.
  • a method of producing a conically-ended yarn package on a spindle in which package the yarn is laid with a helix angle in excess of one degree, there being predetermined points during the formation of such a package associated with periods during which the yarn turns merge together to form a surface relief pattern elfect, each period of enhanced patterning corresponding to winding conditions having associated therewith a wind ratio the numerical value of which is either a small integer or a ratio of small integers, which comprises controlling the speed of the spindle to cause an increase in the spindle speed at the predetermined points in the winding operation, so as to reduce the extent of the periods of enhanced patterning in the formation of the package.
  • a method of producing cheeses on a spindle in which the rotational speed of the spindle is arranged to be proportional to the ratio of the yarn delivery speed to the package diameter, and the speed of a reciprocating traverse yarn guide is arranged to be independently variable of the spindle speed at will, and in which cheese the yarn is laid with a helix angle in excess of one degree, there being predetermined points during the formation of such a cheese associated with periods during Which the yarn turns merge together to form ridges, each period of enhanced ridging corresponding to winding conditions having associated therewith a wind ratio the numerical value of which is either a small integer or a ratio of small integers, comprises controlling the speed of the traverse yarn guide to cause an increase in this speed at the predetermined points in the winding operation, so as to reduce the extent of the periods of enhanced ridging in the formation of the package.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Winding Filamentary Materials (AREA)
US442858A 1964-04-04 1965-04-05 Method and apparatus for winding yarn Expired - Lifetime US3488938A (en)

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GB13986/64A GB1080422A (en) 1964-04-04 1964-04-04 Method and apparatus for winding yarn

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BE (1) BE662010A (it)
CH (1) CH477351A (it)
DE (1) DE1510532B2 (it)
ES (1) ES311405A1 (it)
GB (1) GB1080422A (it)
IL (1) IL23214A (it)
LU (1) LU48317A1 (it)
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3638414A (en) * 1969-11-07 1972-02-01 Fiber Industries Inc Programmed spindle speed
US4059239A (en) * 1974-11-06 1977-11-22 Teijin Limited Method and apparatus for winding a thread on a bobbin at a high winding speed
US4504021A (en) * 1982-03-20 1985-03-12 Barmag Barmer Maschinenfabrik Ag Ribbon free wound yarn package and method and apparatus for producing the same
US4504024A (en) * 1982-05-11 1985-03-12 Barmag Barmer Maschinenfabrik Ag Method and apparatus for producing ribbon free wound yarn package

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3210244A1 (de) * 1982-03-20 1983-09-22 Barmag Barmer Maschinenfabrik Ag, 5630 Remscheid Verfahren zur spiegelstoerung beim aufwickeln eines fadens in wilder wicklung
DE3368253D1 (en) * 1982-05-03 1987-01-22 Barmag Barmer Maschf Method of avoiding images at the random cross winding of a yarn

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2529559A (en) * 1946-12-27 1950-11-14 American Viscose Corp Traverse mechanism for winding machines
US2764363A (en) * 1950-09-13 1956-09-25 Stammwitz Eugene Traverse mechanism for spinning, twisting and like frames
US3009308A (en) * 1960-03-10 1961-11-21 Chemstrand Corp Drawtwisting machinery
US3130930A (en) * 1961-05-29 1964-04-28 Whitin Machine Works Builder apparatus
US3137987A (en) * 1962-07-18 1964-06-23 Monsanto Co Method and apparatus for drawtwisting yarn
US3334828A (en) * 1963-05-25 1967-08-08 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Yarn twisting and winding machine

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2529559A (en) * 1946-12-27 1950-11-14 American Viscose Corp Traverse mechanism for winding machines
US2764363A (en) * 1950-09-13 1956-09-25 Stammwitz Eugene Traverse mechanism for spinning, twisting and like frames
US3009308A (en) * 1960-03-10 1961-11-21 Chemstrand Corp Drawtwisting machinery
US3130930A (en) * 1961-05-29 1964-04-28 Whitin Machine Works Builder apparatus
US3137987A (en) * 1962-07-18 1964-06-23 Monsanto Co Method and apparatus for drawtwisting yarn
US3334828A (en) * 1963-05-25 1967-08-08 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Yarn twisting and winding machine

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3638414A (en) * 1969-11-07 1972-02-01 Fiber Industries Inc Programmed spindle speed
US4059239A (en) * 1974-11-06 1977-11-22 Teijin Limited Method and apparatus for winding a thread on a bobbin at a high winding speed
US4504021A (en) * 1982-03-20 1985-03-12 Barmag Barmer Maschinenfabrik Ag Ribbon free wound yarn package and method and apparatus for producing the same
US4504024A (en) * 1982-05-11 1985-03-12 Barmag Barmer Maschinenfabrik Ag Method and apparatus for producing ribbon free wound yarn package

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES311405A1 (es) 1966-02-01
GB1080422A (en) 1967-08-23
BE662010A (it)
IL23214A (en) 1969-01-29
CH477351A (de) 1969-08-31
DE1510532A1 (de) 1972-08-10
DE1510532B2 (de) 1973-03-29
NL6504243A (it) 1965-10-05
LU48317A1 (it) 1965-06-03

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