US3486106A - System for limiting the time average value of excitation current in a field winding of a voltage regulated alternating current generator to a preselected maximum value - Google Patents

System for limiting the time average value of excitation current in a field winding of a voltage regulated alternating current generator to a preselected maximum value Download PDF

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Publication number
US3486106A
US3486106A US613943A US3486106DA US3486106A US 3486106 A US3486106 A US 3486106A US 613943 A US613943 A US 613943A US 3486106D A US3486106D A US 3486106DA US 3486106 A US3486106 A US 3486106A
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United States
Prior art keywords
voltage
current
winding
field
transistor
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Expired - Lifetime
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US613943A
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English (en)
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Franz Dietl
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
    • H02P9/26—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P9/30—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P9/305—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00308—Overvoltage protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/16—Regulation of the charging current or voltage by variation of field

Definitions

  • an alternating current generator having a field winding and a first and second output conductor adapted to furnish a load voltage has a conventional voltage regulating system.
  • This voltage regulating system has control means connected in series with said field winding, said control means being adapted to control the flow of field current in said field winding as a function of changes in said load voltage.
  • a field current limiting system is supplied.
  • Said field current limiting system comprises blocking oscillator means responsive to said field current and adapted to yield a blocking oscillator output voltage as a function thereof.
  • Said blocking oscillator output voltage is coupled to said voltage regulating system in such a manner that said voltage regulating system will decrease said field current when said field current exceeds a preselected maximum value.
  • the regulator 25 consists of a conventional voltage regulating system 50 and the field current limiting system 51, which is the subject of this disclosure.
  • the voltage regulating system 50 consists of two PNP transistors 30 and 31, a voltage divider 32 connected from load conductor 19 to load conductor 26 and a Zener diode 33 which acts as reference element and whose cathode is the voltage regulator input.
  • the base of transistor 30 is connected to the anode of Zener diode 33, the cathode of which is connected by means of diode 73 to the tap of voltage divider 32.
  • Transistor 30 serves as a control transistor for power transistor 31, whose emitter-collector circuit is connected in series with field winding 15 of the alternating current generator and supplies the field current, I for this field winding, as long as the load voltage of the generator and, as is further described below, the field current, I itself, is under a preselected maximum value.
  • the base of power transistor 31 is connected to the collector of the control transistor 30. This collector is connected to the negative conductor 19 by means of resistance 35.
  • the Zener diode remains in its nonconducting state and no emitter-base current flows in control transistor 30.
  • control transistor 30 is not conducting, while base current flows in transistor 31, which furnishes field current I for the field winding of the generator.
  • the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode is exceeded this becomes highly conductive and causes control transistor 30 to conduct, which blocks the power transistor 31.
  • a feedback network consisting of resistor 40 and condenser 41 is inserted between the collector of the load transistor 31 and the base of the control transistor 30. Furthermore, a resistance 42 is inserted in parallel to the emitter-base circuit of transistor 30. This causes the transistors 30 and 31 to switch rapidly from the conducting to the non-conducting state and vice versa. Transistor 31 remains conducting for a longer time thus increasing the time average value of field current I the lower the speed of rotation and the higher the load current.
  • the excitation current I may reach a dangerously high value prior to the blocking time of load transistor 31, especially when the ambient temperature is under the freezing point, since during the conducting state of this transistor the field current is limited only by the DC resistance of the field winding 15. However, this is much lower at low temperature than it is at the normal operating temperature of 60 C.
  • Parallel to resistors 55 and 56 is the series combination of a resistor 60, connected to the junction point of resistors 53 and 55, a resistance 61, winding 3 of transformer 58, which serves as the load winding for transistor 59, and the emitter collector circuit of transistor 59.
  • Resistor 62 which is a negative temperature coefficient conductor is connected in parallel to resistor 60.
  • Transformer 68 has a further winding designated as winding 4.
  • An astable blocking oscillator is formed by the combination of transistor 59 with condenser 57 and feedback winding 51 as well as load winding 3 of transformer 58. The blocking oscillator output voltage is found in winding 4.
  • the oscillations in this winding 4 are rectified by bridge rectifier 63 and serve to form the control voltage U
  • the amplitude of these output oscillations and therefore the magnitude of the control voltage U should vary according to the strength of the premagnetization of the transformer, which is caused by the excitation current I flowing in the premagnetization winding 2.
  • the variation of U should take place between as large and as small values as possible.
  • a filter condenser 64 and parallel voltage divider means are connected to the output terminals of rectifier bridge 63.
  • the voltage divider means consist of a series combination of resistor 65, potentiometer 66, and a second resistor 67.
  • the output terminal of the rectifier, which is connected with resistor 67, is also connected to output conductor 26.
  • the tap of potentiometer 66 is connected to the input of additional amplifier means, namely the base of an amplifier transistor 68 which is a PNP type transistor.
  • the cathode of a diode 70 is connected to output conductor 26 and the anode of diode 70 is connected to the emitter of transistor 68 and to resistance 69, whose other terminal is connected to output conductor 19.
  • the collector of amplifier transistor 68 is connected to resistor 71 whose other terminal is connected to the output conductor 19.
  • the anode of a diode 72 is connected to the collector of amplifying transistor 68.
  • i 4 cathode of diode 72 is connected to the junction of Zener diode 33 and diode 73.
  • the field current I is zero and thus the current in the premagnetization winding 2 is also zero. Furthermore, no current is supplied to the blocking oscillator through conductors 19 and 26 until the operation is restarted.
  • the restarting causes a small collector current to flow in transistor 59 which increases rapidly due to the inductive feedback between windings 1 and 3.
  • a voltage is induced in windings 2 and 4; the voltage induced in the premagnetization winding 2 is negligibly small, since this winding has only a single loop.
  • the emitter-collector current in transistor 59 increases until core' 5 of transformer 59 is saturated. Then the voltage induced in winding 1 collapses: transistor 59 is blocked and winding 3 is disconnected from the load voltage of the alternating current generator 10 until the cycle is repeated.
  • I oscillations of a definite amplitude and frequency are generated in the blocking oscillator.
  • the blocking oscillator output voltage generated in the output windings 4 is rectified by the rectifier 63, filtered by condenser 64, and fed to potentiometer 66 in the form of a varying direct current. This is amplified by transistor 68 and is fed to the input of the control transistor 30 by means of diode 72 and Zener diode 33.
  • control transistor 30 can thus cause control transistor 30 to conduct and load transistor 31 to flip to the nonconducting state as soon as the breakdown voltage of the diode 33 is exceeded.
  • maximum value of field current I is limited to a maximum which may be selected at potentiometer 66. It is the purpose of diode 73 to assure that potentiometer 32 does not load the output of the current limiting device 51. Thus a sharply defined current regulation results when the preselected maximum value of field current I is reached.
  • diode 73- also prevents a change in the setting of potentiometer 32 by the presence of the current limiting device 51 so that the voltage regulator is not affected by the presence of the field current limiting system as long as I is less than the preselected maximum value.
  • Negative temperature coefficient conductor 62 serves to compensate for the temperature-variable characteristics of magnetic core 5 of transformer 58. With this it can be accomplished that the current limiting device 51 operates to control the current within a temperature range of from 40 C. to +100 C. Since the output winding 4 is only inductively coupled to the other windings of transformer 58, and the control voltage U is not tied to a particular ground potential and thus can be fed directly into the regulator circuit of amplifier 68, a very simple arrangement results for the current limiting device 51, especially since Zener diode 33 may serve as reference element for the voltage regulating system as well as for the field current limiting system.
  • a voltage regulated alternating current generator having a field winding, load windings, a first and second output conductor adapted to furnish a regulated load voltage, a voltage regulating system responsive to changes in said load voltage and adapted to control the flow of excitation current in said field winding, said voltage regulating system having a voltage regulator input: a system for limiting the average value of said field current to a preselected maximum value, comprising, in combination, amplifier means; transformer means interconnected with said amplifier means to form a blocking oscillator circuit, said transformer means having a core, a premagneti- Zation winding connected in series with said field winding, and adapted to change the magnetization of said core as a function of the field current flowing in said field winding, an output winding adapted to furnish a blocking oscillator output signal in dependence upon the premagnetization of said core, and a load winding connected to said amplifier means; and coupling means to couple said blocking oscillator output signal to said voltage input in such a manner as to cause said voltage
  • a voltage regulated alternating current generator having a field winding, load windings, a first and second output conductor adapted to furnish a regulated load voltage, a voltage regulating system responsive to changes in said load voltage and adapted to control the flow of excitation current in said field winding, said voltage regulating system having a voltage regulator input: a system for limiting the average value of said field current to a preselected maximum value, comprising, in combination, blocking oscillator means responsive to said field current and adapted to furnish a blocking oscillator output voltage as a function thereof; and diode coupling means connected in such a manner that said blocking oscillator output voltage is coupled to said voltage regulator input when said field current exceeds said preselected maximum value, and that said voltage regulator input is decoupled from said blocking oscillator means when said field current is less than said preselected maximum value.
  • a voltage regulated alternating current generator having a field winding, load windings, a first and second output conductor adapted to furnish a regulated load voltage, a voltage regulating system responsive to changes in said load voltage and adapted to control the flow of excitation current in said field winding, said voltage regulating system having a voltage regulator input: a system for limiting the average value of said field current to a preselected maximum value, comprising, in combination,
  • blocking oscillator means responsive to said field current and adapted to furnish a blocking oscillator output voltage as a function thereof; coupling means to couple said blocking oscillator output voltage to said voltage regulator input in such a manner as to cause said voltage regulating system to decrease said field current when said field current exceeds said preselected maximum value; additional voltage divider means, having a voltage divider tap, connected from said first output conductor to said second output conductor; and a decoupling diode connected between said coupling means and said voltage divider tap in such a manner that said coupling means is decoupled from said voltage divider tap.
  • a voltage regulated alternating current generator having a field winding, load windings, a first and second output conductor adapted to furnish a regulated load voltage, a voltage regulating system responsive to changes in said load voltage and adapted to control the flow of excitation current in said field winding, said voltage regulating system having a voltage regulator input: a system for limiting the average value of said current to a preselected maximum value, comprising, in combination, amplifier means; transformer means, interconnected with said amplifier means in such a manner that a blocking oscillator circuit is formed, said transformer means having a core with a substantially rectangular hysteresis curve; said blocking oscillator circuit being responsive to said field current and adapted to furnish a blocking oscillator output voltage as a function thereof; and coupling means to couple said blocking oscillator output voltage to said voltage regulator input in such a manner as to cause said voltage regulating system to decrease said field current when said field current exceeds said preselected maximum value.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
US613943A 1966-02-15 1967-02-03 System for limiting the time average value of excitation current in a field winding of a voltage regulated alternating current generator to a preselected maximum value Expired - Lifetime US3486106A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB0085805 1966-02-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3486106A true US3486106A (en) 1969-12-23

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US613943A Expired - Lifetime US3486106A (en) 1966-02-15 1967-02-03 System for limiting the time average value of excitation current in a field winding of a voltage regulated alternating current generator to a preselected maximum value

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3486106A (de)
JP (1) JPS44020300B1 (de)
AT (1) AT270002B (de)
CH (1) CH457597A (de)
DE (1) DE1538322C3 (de)
FR (1) FR1508527A (de)
GB (1) GB1125679A (de)
SE (1) SE312162B (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2472864A1 (fr) * 1979-12-29 1981-07-03 Honda Motor Co Ltd Dispositif de reglage de la tension de sortie destine a des generateurs installes sur un vehicule et ayant pour effet de diminuer le courant de sortie de ces generateurs aux vitesses elevees de ce vehicule
US4346337A (en) * 1979-10-09 1982-08-24 General Electric Company Voltage regulator circuit with multiple control functions
US4446417A (en) * 1982-02-12 1984-05-01 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Voltage regulator for aircraft generators
US4455525A (en) * 1981-12-04 1984-06-19 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Control unit for generator driven by engine
US4496897A (en) * 1981-11-12 1985-01-29 Lima Electric Co., Inc. Variable voltage control for self-excited self-regulated synchronous alternator

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS54140112A (en) * 1978-04-21 1979-10-31 Nippon Denso Co Ltd Voltage control device of generator for automobile

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB983519A (en) * 1962-07-06 1965-02-17 Mullard Ltd Improvements in or relating to automatic voltage regulator circuits
US3209234A (en) * 1962-06-25 1965-09-28 Gen Motors Corp Semiconductor voltage regulator

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3209234A (en) * 1962-06-25 1965-09-28 Gen Motors Corp Semiconductor voltage regulator
GB983519A (en) * 1962-07-06 1965-02-17 Mullard Ltd Improvements in or relating to automatic voltage regulator circuits

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4346337A (en) * 1979-10-09 1982-08-24 General Electric Company Voltage regulator circuit with multiple control functions
FR2472864A1 (fr) * 1979-12-29 1981-07-03 Honda Motor Co Ltd Dispositif de reglage de la tension de sortie destine a des generateurs installes sur un vehicule et ayant pour effet de diminuer le courant de sortie de ces generateurs aux vitesses elevees de ce vehicule
US4496897A (en) * 1981-11-12 1985-01-29 Lima Electric Co., Inc. Variable voltage control for self-excited self-regulated synchronous alternator
US4455525A (en) * 1981-12-04 1984-06-19 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Control unit for generator driven by engine
US4446417A (en) * 1982-02-12 1984-05-01 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Voltage regulator for aircraft generators

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1538322A1 (de) 1969-04-03
JPS44020300B1 (de) 1969-09-01
GB1125679A (en) 1968-08-28
AT270002B (de) 1969-04-10
FR1508527A (fr) 1968-01-05
SE312162B (de) 1969-07-07
DE1538322C3 (de) 1974-01-17
DE1538322B2 (de) 1973-06-28
CH457597A (de) 1968-06-15

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