US3484613A - Irradiation apparatus having a plurality of sources - Google Patents

Irradiation apparatus having a plurality of sources Download PDF

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Publication number
US3484613A
US3484613A US568278A US3484613DA US3484613A US 3484613 A US3484613 A US 3484613A US 568278 A US568278 A US 568278A US 3484613D A US3484613D A US 3484613DA US 3484613 A US3484613 A US 3484613A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
channels
sources
irradiation
protection
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US568278A
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English (en)
Inventor
Joel Kerjean
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C1/00—Reactor types
    • G21C1/30—Subcritical reactors ; Experimental reactors other than swimming-pool reactors or zero-energy reactors
    • G21C1/303—Experimental or irradiation arrangements inside the reactor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/02—Transportable or portable shielded containers with provision for restricted exposure of a radiation source within the container
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K5/00—Irradiation devices
    • G21K5/02—Irradiation devices having no beam-forming means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K5/00—Irradiation devices
    • G21K5/10—Irradiation devices with provision for relative movement of beam source and object to be irradiated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • Irradiation apparatus particularly for the irradiation of samples under a high 'y flux.
  • Irradiation apparatus of this type are generally made of a protective block of heavy material, in which a central chamber is formed to receive the sample.
  • a plurality of sources is disposed in the chamber, the sources being inserted through channels parallel with the axis of the chamber, the ends of the channels being closed by removable plugs for biological protection.
  • Irradiation apparatus used hitherto are therefore a compromise, which is generally not very satisfactory either from the point of view of protection or of the irradiation fiux than can be obtained with them.
  • This invention relates to a design for an improved irradiation apparatus that satisfies practical requirements better than previous arrangements, in particular by enabling the 'y flux to be increased in an irradiation chamber by bringing the sources nearer, while maintaining satisfactory biological protection at the points where the source-receiving channels emerge.
  • apparatus for the irradiation of samples comprising a biological-protection block made of heavy material, an irradiation chamber formed in said block, a removable container for the samples to be irradiated, which can be inserted into said chamber, and a series of removable sources disposed in channels formed in the protection block, said channels entering the chamber and being distributed at equal angular intervals round the axis of the chamber, wherein the channels are disposed according to a family of generatrices of a hyperboloid with one surface whose axis is the same as that of the chamber and whose narrowed portion is placed opposite the container.
  • each source comprises at least two 7 emitter sections separated by an inactive zone, this zone being disposed opposite the 3,484,613 Patented Dec. 16, 1969 narrowed portion of the hyperboloid as occupied by the irradiation-sample container.
  • FIGURE 1 is a basic diagram showing the distribution of the'source-receiving channels along the generatrices of a hyperboloid with one surface;
  • FIGURE 2 shows diagrammatically the irradiation chamber, the central shaft and one of the source-receiving channels of an irradiation apparatus according to the invention, the protective block being shown in section along a plane passing through the axis of the shaft and the chamber;
  • FIGURE 3 is a general view of an irradiation means forming an embodiment of the invention given by way of non-restrictive example, shown in partial section along a plane passing through the axis of the shaft for receiving the sample to be irradiated, a single channel being shown for greater simplicity, and
  • FIGURE 4 is a section along the line IV-IV in FIG- URE 3.
  • the advantages of the arrangement according to the invention as compared with conventional arrangements with parallel channels will become immediately apparent from a numerical example corresponding to the arrangement in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • an irradiation having an intensity which 'is of the order of 5 Mrad/h. is to be produced in the chamber 6 in the protection block 8.
  • the chamber has a diameter of 100 mm. and is 350 mm. in height, so that ten sources with an activity per unit of 5,000 curies, distributed over a length of 250 mm. and placed at a radial distance of mm. from the centre of the chamber are required.
  • the plug-receiving apertures 10 are distributed over a circle with a diameter of 410 mm., and this arrangement prevents any interferences and provides satisfactory protection against the radiation of the sources 13. Furthermore, in contrast to arrangements with parallel channels, only the protective material in a massive form is then present round the plug 14 which closes the shaft 16 providing access to the chamber 6, a zone that is weakened from the protection point of view by the presence of clearance and metal sheets for the guidance and reception of the heavy protection material.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 which show an irradiation means A according to the invention, the elements corresponding to those already shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 have the same reference number, for simplicity.
  • the irradiation means A comprises a protection block 8 in three parts 18, 20 and 22, which will be described in detail one after the other.
  • the main part 18 is a block of heavy material, for example lead, disposed between an outer jacket 26 and an inner jacket made of sheet metal.
  • the inner jacket defines the limit of the irradiation chamber 6, a shaft 16 providing access to the chamber, and a guide conduit 24 forming an extension of the shaft 16.
  • circulation piping comprising an air-inlet conduit 28 and a conduit 30 for discharge into the atmosphere, having an ozone-decomposing means and a filtering means 32 for checking dust.
  • a coil 34 is immersed in this material and through which cooling water circulates in the direction shown by the arrows 1.
  • Ten source-receiving channels 12 are also formed in the main part 18. These channels project a long way into the chamber and can be closed by biologicalprotection plugs provided with seals and each carrying a vessel which receives the source.
  • each source may, for example, be composed of two sections of 2,500 curies, using cobalt 60 as an emitter, each section being 100 mm. long and separated by an inactive section of 50 mm. of aluminium; this produces a useful volume with a height of 150 mm. and a diameter of 80 mIn., in which the flux is within 10% of 5 Mrad/h.
  • the sample-carrying container is formed by a plunger 36 with a central compartment surrounded by two protection elements occupied by heavy material, the top element forming the plug 14.
  • the plunger 36 can be inserted in the shaft and removed therefrom by means of a control mechanism which will be hereinafter described.
  • the bottom part 20 of the protection block 8 is a base, which is preferably formed separately from the part 8 so that the weight can be split up during transport.
  • the thickness of this base, which comprises a lead-filled casing 38, is determined, of course, according to the protection that can be provided by the ground on which the means A is placed.
  • the top part 22 provides protection at the top, particularly against radiation leakages occurring when the plunger 36 is raised.
  • This part 22 is formed by a bell made of heavy material enclosed in a double-walled jacket, and it has pivoted doors 40 and 42 (FIG. 4) providing access to the irradiated samples when the plunger is raised.
  • the top part 22 covers the plugs of the channels 12 and provides supplementary protection.
  • the three parts 18, 20 and 22 are held as one unit by a frame 44 carrying the control mechanisms, shown in FIG. 3, which will now be described.
  • the control mechanisms comprise a rack 46 secured to the plunger 36 and meshing with a pinion 48 driven by a gear motor 50.
  • a balancing counterweight 52 carried by a winch 54 limits the forces that have to be applied. Endof-stroke limit stops (not shown) determine the top and bottom positions of the plunger.
  • a manual control (not shown) can be used to control the plunger if a breakdown should occur.
  • Apparatus for the irradiation of samples comprising a block of radiation absorbent material
  • each source comprises two sections occupied by y-ray emitters, said sections being separated by a zone of inactive material which is oriented opposite said chamber when said source is supported within said channel.
  • Apparatus as described in claim 3 including an access shaft formed in said protection block for the introduction of said container into said chamber and a conduit formed in said block opposite said shaft for the guidance of said container.
  • each of the channels into said chamber is of a suflicient length to accommodate the entire portion of the source within said chamber.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US568278A 1965-07-30 1966-07-27 Irradiation apparatus having a plurality of sources Expired - Lifetime US3484613A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR26798A FR1457434A (fr) 1965-07-30 1965-07-30 Dispositif d'irradiation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3484613A true US3484613A (en) 1969-12-16

Family

ID=8585756

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US568278A Expired - Lifetime US3484613A (en) 1965-07-30 1966-07-27 Irradiation apparatus having a plurality of sources

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3484613A (xx)
BE (1) BE684274A (xx)
CH (1) CH460190A (xx)
DE (1) DE1539796A1 (xx)
ES (1) ES329710A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR1457434A (xx)
GB (1) GB1094423A (xx)
IL (1) IL26212A (xx)
LU (1) LU51674A1 (xx)
NL (1) NL6610442A (xx)
SE (1) SE311959B (xx)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1350255A2 (en) * 2000-11-20 2003-10-08 Nuclear Energy R&D Partnership Fission-voltaic reactor
FR2868868A1 (fr) * 2004-04-13 2005-10-14 Robert Desbrandes Procede et appareillage pour communiquer a distance en utilisant des nucleides isomeres
US20070272862A1 (en) * 2004-05-26 2007-11-29 Robert Desbrandes Method and Device for Remotely Communicating Using Photoluminescence or Thermoluminescence

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4785178A (en) * 1986-05-27 1988-11-15 Lynch Patrick A Dry storage irradiator structure

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3132251A (en) * 1960-10-27 1964-05-05 Budd Co Irradiation vault
US3153725A (en) * 1961-01-30 1964-10-20 Frank H Attix Radioactive source configuration for producing a uniform field
US3310676A (en) * 1963-08-20 1967-03-21 Nuclear Material And Equipment Neutron irradiating apparatus having a plurality of axial shielded passages for interchanging sources and target materials

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3132251A (en) * 1960-10-27 1964-05-05 Budd Co Irradiation vault
US3153725A (en) * 1961-01-30 1964-10-20 Frank H Attix Radioactive source configuration for producing a uniform field
US3310676A (en) * 1963-08-20 1967-03-21 Nuclear Material And Equipment Neutron irradiating apparatus having a plurality of axial shielded passages for interchanging sources and target materials

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1350255A2 (en) * 2000-11-20 2003-10-08 Nuclear Energy R&D Partnership Fission-voltaic reactor
EP1350255A4 (en) * 2000-11-20 2004-04-14 Nuclear Energy R & D Partnersh CLEAVAGE REACTOR
FR2868868A1 (fr) * 2004-04-13 2005-10-14 Robert Desbrandes Procede et appareillage pour communiquer a distance en utilisant des nucleides isomeres
WO2005112041A3 (fr) * 2004-04-13 2006-01-05 Quantic Comm E Procede et appareillage pour communiquer a distance en utilisant des nucleides isomeres
US20070272862A1 (en) * 2004-05-26 2007-11-29 Robert Desbrandes Method and Device for Remotely Communicating Using Photoluminescence or Thermoluminescence

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6610442A (xx) 1967-01-31
FR1457434A (fr) 1966-01-24
DE1539796A1 (de) 1970-01-22
IL26212A (en) 1969-12-31
ES329710A1 (es) 1967-08-16
SE311959B (xx) 1969-06-30
BE684274A (xx) 1967-01-03
LU51674A1 (xx) 1966-09-29
CH460190A (fr) 1968-07-31
GB1094423A (en) 1967-12-13

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