US3476501A - Fabric treatment - Google Patents

Fabric treatment Download PDF

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Publication number
US3476501A
US3476501A US535087A US3476501DA US3476501A US 3476501 A US3476501 A US 3476501A US 535087 A US535087 A US 535087A US 3476501D A US3476501D A US 3476501DA US 3476501 A US3476501 A US 3476501A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
fabric
drum
sodium hydroxide
lye
linen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US535087A
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English (en)
Inventor
Fritz Lorenz
Ernst Weiss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heberlein Patent Corp
Original Assignee
Heberlein Patent Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heberlein Patent Corp filed Critical Heberlein Patent Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3476501A publication Critical patent/US3476501A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B5/00—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating
    • D06B5/12—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating through materials of definite length
    • D06B5/26—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating through materials of definite length using centrifugal force
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B7/00—Mercerising, e.g. lustring by mercerising
    • D06B7/08—Mercerising, e.g. lustring by mercerising of fabrics of indefinite length
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for treating fabric, and more particularly, it relates to a process for obtaining linen-like effects in cellulosic fabrics.
  • This invention provides an economical method for producing linen-like finishes on cellulosic textiles and obviates the use of large quantities of water, the use of diluted acids and large capital investment or special machinery. Also in the new process, the recuperation of the caustic soda lye is much more economical, because the primary lye issuing from the lye eliminating process is "ice much more concentrated than when eliminating the lye on a conventional mercerizing machine.
  • the process of this invention involves contacting a cellulosic fabric with a sodium hydroxide solution at temperatures below 0 C. so that the fabric is impregnated with the solution, winding the hydroxide-treated fabric circumferentially into a perforate drum or cylinder, maintaining the fabric on the drum and subsequently removing the hydroxide from the fabric by passing water radially from the drum through the fabric.
  • the process of this invention provides a simple and economical method for the production of linen-like and similar opaque stifening effects on fabrics containin-g cellulosic fiber material.
  • FIG. 1 is a lateral view, partly in cross-section, of an illustrative form of apparatus which can be utilized in the practice of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken through the line 2-2 of FIG. 1.
  • fabric refers to textile materials made by weaving, knitting, plaiting, and felting or otherwise manufacturing materials suitable for cloth, clothing and the like.
  • cellulosic fabric is understood to mean fabrics comprised of natural or regenerated cellulose. Especially suited for the practice of this invention are woven or knitted fabrics of natural cellulose such as cotton or of mixed spun yarns of natural cellulose and staple fibers of regenerated cellulose. Further, fabrics comprising the usual types of regenerated cellulose as well as highwet strength regenerated cellulose are also suited to the practice of this invention.
  • the cellulosic fabrics can also contain quantities of synthetic fibers, preferably those not adversely affected by alkaline solutions.
  • the process of this invention is applicable to undyed, predyed, and/or printed goods. It is also possible to practice this invention on bleached goods which may be dyed and/or printed after the treatment by the herein disclosed process.
  • the sodium hydroxide solutions used in the practice of this invention should have a strength on the order of from about 10 to about 20 B., and in some aspects of this invention the preferred concentration of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is from 13 to 18 B. It will be understood that equivalent alkaline materials, desirably alkali metal hydroxides, are also encompassed herein but that sodium hydroxide is the preferred alkaline material because of superior properties, reasonable cost, and ready availability. l
  • the sodium hydroxide solution should be at a temperature of below C.
  • the lye be contacted with the fabric at temperatures of from about -5 to 10 C.
  • the fabric After treatment with the sodium hydroxide solution, it is preferred to remove the excess solution, as for example, by draining or by compressing the fabric between rolls.
  • the fabric is then wound in its open width onto a perforate drum or cylinder rotatable around its longitudinal axis. During winding of the material onto the drum, the latter is rotated at a relatively low speed according to the speed at which the fabric is delivered on the order of from about 20 to 40 r.p.m.
  • the time needed for batching and handling the fabrics on the drum before washing out the caustic soda with hot water ranges from about 30 to about 90 minutes.
  • hot water is forced radially from the nterior of the drum through the fabric to wash the alkali from the cellulosic material.
  • a rather concentrated alkali solution is obtained during initial stages of the washing and this solution can be returned t0 the process after its strength has been augmented by recuperation or with additional alkali.
  • the required radial movement of hot water through the fabric is obtained by rapidly rotating the perforate drum on its axis to create centrifugal forces for driving the water through the fabric in a radial direction. It is preferred to rotate the drum at speeds in the range of from about 5() to 400 r.p.m. for this purpose.
  • the drawings illustrate an embodiment of the invention as follows:
  • the cellulosic fabric 11 is introduced into trough or vessel 13 closed at the top by means of cover 20.
  • the exterior of the walls, the bottom, and cover 20 of trough 13 are covered with a layer 19 of heat insulating material.
  • Rollers 12 are positioned at the lower and upper parts of the trough.
  • Cover 20 is provided with oblique slots extending the widths of the rollers so that the textile fabric 11 to be treated can be fed into the trough, passed through the rollers in successive loops alternately from top to bottom and bottom to top in the interior of the trough and finally withdrawn from the vessel.
  • the fabric After leaving the trough 13, the fabric is passed through a pair of rollers 14;, 14' to remove excess solution.
  • the fabric 11 is wound in its open width onto rotatably mounted drum 15. This drum has a diameter of approximately 50 mm. in one embodiment.
  • drum 15 is provided with a perforate exterior and is mounted on a central perforate hollow shaft 16.
  • a hollow spindle 17 is inserted, and this spindle is journaled in bearing 21.
  • Spindle 17 acts as a conduit from a hot water feed line (not shown) to the interior of drum 15.
  • a solid spindle 18 is journaled in bearing 22.
  • the drum is rotated by means of an electric motor through a drive shaft (not shown) which drives spindle 18.
  • trough 13 is filled with caustic soda solution having a concentration of 20 B. which is maintained at a temperature below ⁇ 0 C.
  • the running speed of fabric 11 is preferably adjusted so that the cold caustic soda acts from about 10 to about 30 seconds upon the fabric.
  • the fabric is then wound in its open width onto the drum which is rotating at 20-40 r.p.m.
  • the winding can be conducted at room temperature, and the fabric is then handled in this condition.
  • the fabric is washed free of the sodium hydroxide by means of hot water flowing through spindle 17 into hollow perforate shaft 16.
  • the drum 15 is rotated at speeds of 50 to 300 r.p.m. and the Water is forced radially through the perforations in the hollow shaft 16 and drum 15 and into and through the textile fabric 11 to the exterior.
  • EXAMPLE I A conventionally bleached cotton batiste having a count of 106/91 per inch and English yarn numbers 80/95 is passed through the apparatus described above at a fabric speed of 60 meters/ min. The fabric is thereby impregnated for 15 seconds with a sodium hydroxide solution of 170 B. at a temperature of 8 C.
  • the fabric After leaving the lye bath, the fabric is compressed between rollers 14, 14 and wound onto drum 15 at room temperature. At the beginning of the winding operation the drum rotates at 40 r.p.m. and the rotational speed is decreased as the diameter of the drum with the fabric wound thereon increases. The fabric is then handled on the drum so that the total winding and handling time is 75 minutes.
  • the roll of fabric is rinsed free of sodium hydroxide by feeding hot water into the interior of the drum.
  • the drum is rapidly rotated -at speeds of 50-300 r.p.m. Washing with hot and cold water is continued until the neutral point is reached.
  • the fabric is dried on a tenter frame and calendered. A slightly stiffened tine fabric having typical linen character is obtained.
  • EXAMPLE II A bleached cotton cretonne fabric having a count per inch of 45/ 45 and English yarn numbers 12/ 12 is passed through the apparatus shown in the drawings at a speed of 40 meters/min.
  • the fabric is impregnated with a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 16 B. an-d a temperature of -8 C. for 23 seconds.
  • the fabric is passed through the squeeze rolls and wound onto the drum at room temperature for a total winding and handling time of 45 minutes.
  • the fabric is then washed free of sodium hydroxide with hot and cold water as set forth in Example I. Subsequently the fabric is dried on a tenter frame and calenidered under high pressure.
  • EXAMPLE III A bleached and dye'd cotton Calico fabric having a count per inch of 72/ 64 and English numbers 40/40 is passed through the apparatus as shown in the drawings at a speed of 60 meters/min. to impregnate the material for 15 seconds with 18 B. sodium hydroxide at 9 C. The fabric is passed through the squeeze rolls and wound onto the drum at room temperature so that the total winding and handling time is 60 minutes.
  • Example I The fabric is then washed with hot water as set forth in Example I.
  • the textile fabric is dried in the usual way and the desired linen-like finish is obtained by further mechanical manipulation, such as by calendering.
  • EXAMPLE IV A 67% cotton-33% spun rayon bleached fabric having count per inch of 61/61 and a metric yarn number of 27/ 27 is passed through the apparatus shown in the drawings at a speed of 40 meters/min. The fabric is impregnated for 23 seconds with 19 B. sodium hydroxide at a temperature of 6 C. The excess alkali is removed with squeeze rolls and the textile fabric is wound onto the drum at room temperature. After a total winding and handling time of 45 minutes, the fabric is washed with hot water and with cold water until neutral as described in Example I.
  • the fabric is then unwound from the drum, finished on a padding machine with an aqueous solution of 5 g./l. stearin soap and 3 g./1. glycerine, and subsequently Idried on a tenter frame.
  • the linen effect so obtained can be further improved by calendering.
  • a process for preparing linen-like fabric which comprises contacting a cellulosic fabric with a sodium hydroxide solution having a concentration in the range of from about 10 to about 20 B. at a temperature below C. to impregnate the fabric, winding the impregnated fabric circumferentially onto a perforate drum and maintaining the fabric on the drum and subsequently removing the sodium hydroxide solution from the fabric by passing water radially from the interior of the drum through the fabric.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
US535087A 1965-04-26 1966-03-17 Fabric treatment Expired - Lifetime US3476501A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH574965A CH465538A (de) 1965-04-26 1965-04-26 Verfahren zur Erzeugung von leinenartigen und ähnlichen opaken Versteifungseffekten auf cellulosehaltiges Fasermaterial enthaltenden Textilbahnen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3476501A true US3476501A (en) 1969-11-04

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ID=4298698

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US535087A Expired - Lifetime US3476501A (en) 1965-04-26 1966-03-17 Fabric treatment

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US (1) US3476501A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
CH (1) CH465538A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
ES (1) ES325710A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
FR (1) FR1475516A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3688528A (en) * 1969-11-24 1972-09-05 Heberlein & Co Ag Apparatus for the fluid treatment of thread or sheet-like fabric
DE2144639A1 (de) * 1969-09-22 1973-03-15 Kleinewefers Ind Co Gmbh Anwendung der einrichtung zum nassbehandeln von textilen gewebebahnen
US4568349A (en) * 1981-08-22 1986-02-04 Sandoz Ltd. Alkali treatment of cellulosic fiber goods
US4658477A (en) * 1983-09-21 1987-04-21 Tempo Sanys Method of making a hydrophilic cotton "fleece", and a fleece obtained in accordance with the employment of this method, and pieces of cotton of any form which are obtained by cutting this fleece up

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2498416A (en) * 1947-06-12 1950-02-21 Parks & Woolson Machine Co Method of decating fabrics
FR1052266A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * 1951-03-20 1954-01-22
CH368457A (de) * 1960-04-01 1963-05-31 Heberlein & Co Ag Verfahren zum alkalischen Abkochen und Entlaugen von Geweben in breiter Form

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2498416A (en) * 1947-06-12 1950-02-21 Parks & Woolson Machine Co Method of decating fabrics
FR1052266A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * 1951-03-20 1954-01-22
CH368457A (de) * 1960-04-01 1963-05-31 Heberlein & Co Ag Verfahren zum alkalischen Abkochen und Entlaugen von Geweben in breiter Form

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2144639A1 (de) * 1969-09-22 1973-03-15 Kleinewefers Ind Co Gmbh Anwendung der einrichtung zum nassbehandeln von textilen gewebebahnen
US3688528A (en) * 1969-11-24 1972-09-05 Heberlein & Co Ag Apparatus for the fluid treatment of thread or sheet-like fabric
US4568349A (en) * 1981-08-22 1986-02-04 Sandoz Ltd. Alkali treatment of cellulosic fiber goods
US4658477A (en) * 1983-09-21 1987-04-21 Tempo Sanys Method of making a hydrophilic cotton "fleece", and a fleece obtained in accordance with the employment of this method, and pieces of cotton of any form which are obtained by cutting this fleece up

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1475516A (fr) 1967-03-31
ES325710A1 (es) 1967-05-01
CH574965A4 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1968-06-28
CH465538A (de) 1969-01-15

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