US3474281A - Electron beam production system for electronic discharge - Google Patents

Electron beam production system for electronic discharge Download PDF

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Publication number
US3474281A
US3474281A US601623A US3474281DA US3474281A US 3474281 A US3474281 A US 3474281A US 601623 A US601623 A US 601623A US 3474281D A US3474281D A US 3474281DA US 3474281 A US3474281 A US 3474281A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cathode
production system
electron
auxiliary
emission
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Expired - Lifetime
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US601623A
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English (en)
Inventor
Diether Vitzthum
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J1/02—Main electrodes
    • H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
    • H01J1/20—Cathodes heated indirectly by an electric current; Cathodes heated by electron or ion bombardment
    • H01J1/28—Dispenser-type cathodes, e.g. L-cathode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J3/00—Details of electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements or of ion traps common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J3/02—Electron guns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J3/00—Details of electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements or of ion traps common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J3/02—Electron guns
    • H01J3/024—Electron guns using thermionic emission of cathode heated by electron or ion bombardment or by irradiation by other energetic beams, e.g. by laser

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electron production system for electronic discharge vessels, in particular to an electron beam production system for HF power tubes, in which system a main cathode is provided at the end of an United States Patent G auxiliary electron discharge space, as an operating electrode, for the heating thereof through electron bombardment.
  • the invention is directed to the reduction of the heat capacity of a dispenser cathode disposed at the end of an auxiliary electron discharge space and heated by cathodic bombardment by means of a special constructional arrangement to effect an increase in its heat economy.
  • a main dispenser cathode in particular an MK (metal capillary) cathode, which does not possess its own storage chamber and supply, and the porous carrier disk for the emission substance which normally would close the chamber, receives its emission promoting substance as a basic part of the auxiliary cathode arranged therebehind and constructed as a dispenser cathode, in particular as an MK cathode, and its filament energy as a working electrode of the auxiliary discharge system.
  • MK metal capillary
  • the quantity of emission promoting substance migrating from a normal capillary metal cathode towards the emis- 3,474,281 Patented Oct. 21, 1969 sion side during operation i.e., the evaporation rate of, for example, barium, 1s completely sufiicient to activate a further porous emission substance carrier disk disposed in front of it, and which may even be larger, to a sufficient degree, for the emission function and to maintain it capable of emission during operation, in which arrangement, in contrast to heretofore existing concepts, it is not even necessary to construct this basic main cathode in such a manner that the pores of the emission disk are its largest openings.
  • the supporting cylinder of this sheet material or foil for the main cathode is so connected with the mounting enclosure for the auxiliary cathode by an insulating part to form a semi-closed container, that the two porous carrier disks for the emission substance of the two capillary metal cathodes approximately form the end closures of such space.
  • the two mounting or supporting cylinders are especially advantageously constructed and arranged in such a manner and provided with such potentials that the occurring cathode bombardment achieves a uniform predetermined heating of the porous emission substance carrier disk of the main cathode.
  • One of the two mounting members or enclosures, or a further additional cylinder of thin sheet material coaxial to such member may also include an aperture diaphragm and parallel thereto, an apertured partition corresponding to a Wehnelt electrode may also be provided, by means of which the flow of electrons for the electron bombardment on the emission substance carrier of the main cathode may be regulated with respect to the cross section of the electron beam as well as with respect to the intensity, to permit a better adjustment of the desired operating temperature,
  • the porous emission substance carrier disk forming the main cathode may be mounted in such a manner that no completely closed space is formed between it and the following auxiliary cathode.
  • the pores of the emission substance carrier disk in this case do not necessarily form the largest openings in the space existing between the two porous disks.
  • an additional metal layer for example out of a light or heavy platinum metal, may be applied as an emission base or surface upon the porous body, for example of tungsten, for the lowering of the temperature on the basis of a reduction of the electron atfinity.
  • the reference numeral 1 designates a carrier disk for an emission substance, having a relatively large surface which is represented, so to speak, as a basic part of a dispenser cathode, in particular an MK cathode, forming the main or beam cathode thereof.
  • a dispenser cathode in particular an MK cathode, forming the main or beam cathode thereof.
  • Such cathode possesses no supply of emission substance or storage space therefor, but instead is disposed at the end of an auxiliary discharge space as a working electrode thereof for the attainment of its necessary heating by a cathodic bombardment.
  • auxiliary cathode 6 like Wise constructed as a capillary metal cathode, in particular with its porous carrier 5 for the emission substance.
  • the arrangement is such that between the two carrier disks 1 and 5 for emission substance, as end members, a mechanically closed space is formed.
  • the space between the main cathode and auxiliary cathode also may be open, and in an extreme case, the main cathode may, in ultimate form, consist of a porous disk.
  • the insulating intermediate piece 3 instead of comprising a closed ring, may consist of individual pieces which bridge the space between the cylinders 2 and 4.
  • the main cathode is activated in suflicient measure and maintained in operating condition by the emission-promoting substance.
  • the applied potentials are so selected that the porous carrier disk 1 is loaded in the manner of a draw anode, as working electrode by the electrons of the auxiliary discharge system accelerated toward it and its proper heating during operation is thus provided in such manner.
  • an additional metal layer may be applied to the porous disk of the main cathode, which may, for example, be constructed of tungsten, to eifect a lowering of the temperature by means of a reduction of the electron afiinity, said layer comprising metal selected from the platinum group comprising platinum, cadmium and iridium.
  • an importance advantage of the described electron beam production system resides in the reduction of the danger of vaporization on the principal electrodes, and in particular on insulating parts of the discharge vessel, with evaporating substances originating from the cathode, as well as the possibility of an especially simple construction.
  • An electron production system for electronic discharge vessels, in particular for power tubes, in the electron production system of which a main cathode is arranged as an operating electrode at the end of an auxiliary electron discharge space and heated by cathodic bombardment comprising a main cathode constructed in the form of a dispenser cathode having a porous carrier disk from the front face of which the main electron beam is emitted, an auxiliary electron discharge space disposed behind said porous carrier disk, an auxiliary electron discharge system including an auxiliary cathode disposed in said space arranged to discharge electrons on the rear face of said main cathode, said auxiliary cathode also being constructed in the form of a dispenser cathode, operative to provide the emission-promoting substance for said main cathode which is received thereby as a basic part of such auxiliary cathode, said main cathode receiving its heater energy by cathode bombardment as an operating electrode of the auxiliary electron discharge system.
  • An electron production system wherein said cathodes are individually supported by respective cylindrical members of thin sheet material, said cylinders and cathodes being arranged to form said auxiliary electron discharge space with said cathodes being disposed at opposite ends thereof, and insulating means disposed between and connecting the respective cylinders.
  • An electron production system according to claim 1, wherein the geometrical arrangement and construction of the electrodes of the system are such that with'predetermined operating potentials applied thereto, the cathodic bombardment eflects a predetermined uniform heating of the porous carrier disk of the main cathode.
  • porous carrier disk of the main cathode is constructed of tungsten and is provided with a layer of metal selected from the group consisting of osmium, iridium and platinum, which layer forms the emission surface of such cathode.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
US601623A 1965-12-23 1966-12-14 Electron beam production system for electronic discharge Expired - Lifetime US3474281A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DES0101141 1965-12-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3474281A true US3474281A (en) 1969-10-21

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US601623A Expired - Lifetime US3474281A (en) 1965-12-23 1966-12-14 Electron beam production system for electronic discharge

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3474281A (it)
DE (1) DE1251876B (it)
FR (1) FR1505956A (it)
GB (1) GB1162108A (it)
NL (1) NL6615033A (it)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3590242A (en) * 1969-06-12 1971-06-29 Gen Electric Making fused thorium carbide-tungsten cathodes for electron guns
US3928783A (en) * 1972-12-08 1975-12-23 Hitachi Ltd Thermionic cathode heated by electron bombardment
US4046666A (en) * 1976-05-07 1977-09-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Device for providing high-intensity ion or electron beam
US5575027A (en) * 1995-04-18 1996-11-19 Mueller; George B. Method of supporting a chest and abdomen and apparatus therefor

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2830917A (en) * 1954-06-07 1958-04-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Cathode for electron discharge devices
US2843785A (en) * 1954-04-19 1958-07-15 Sylvania Electric Prod Thermal insulation for cathode
US2953701A (en) * 1957-09-05 1960-09-20 High Voltage Engineering Corp Sealed-off diode with electron emitting anode
US3070724A (en) * 1960-05-23 1962-12-25 Sylvania Electric Prod Electron discharge device
US3159461A (en) * 1958-10-20 1964-12-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Thermionic cathode
US3348092A (en) * 1965-01-04 1967-10-17 Gen Electric Electron discharge device having a barium dispensing anode structure

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2843785A (en) * 1954-04-19 1958-07-15 Sylvania Electric Prod Thermal insulation for cathode
US2830917A (en) * 1954-06-07 1958-04-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Cathode for electron discharge devices
US2953701A (en) * 1957-09-05 1960-09-20 High Voltage Engineering Corp Sealed-off diode with electron emitting anode
US3159461A (en) * 1958-10-20 1964-12-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Thermionic cathode
US3070724A (en) * 1960-05-23 1962-12-25 Sylvania Electric Prod Electron discharge device
US3348092A (en) * 1965-01-04 1967-10-17 Gen Electric Electron discharge device having a barium dispensing anode structure

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3590242A (en) * 1969-06-12 1971-06-29 Gen Electric Making fused thorium carbide-tungsten cathodes for electron guns
US3928783A (en) * 1972-12-08 1975-12-23 Hitachi Ltd Thermionic cathode heated by electron bombardment
US4046666A (en) * 1976-05-07 1977-09-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Device for providing high-intensity ion or electron beam
US5575027A (en) * 1995-04-18 1996-11-19 Mueller; George B. Method of supporting a chest and abdomen and apparatus therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6615033A (it) 1967-06-26
FR1505956A (fr) 1967-12-15
GB1162108A (en) 1969-08-20
DE1251876B (it)

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