US3473923A - Reproduction process including transfer and redevelopment of electrostatically formed images - Google Patents

Reproduction process including transfer and redevelopment of electrostatically formed images Download PDF

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Publication number
US3473923A
US3473923A US542196A US3473923DA US3473923A US 3473923 A US3473923 A US 3473923A US 542196 A US542196 A US 542196A US 3473923D A US3473923D A US 3473923DA US 3473923 A US3473923 A US 3473923A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
powder
sheet
image
transferable
developer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US542196A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kinji Ohkubo
Satoru Honjo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fujifilm Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd filed Critical Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3473923A publication Critical patent/US3473923A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/14—Transferring a pattern to a second base
    • G03G13/16—Transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/025—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet
    • B41M5/0256—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet the transferable ink pattern being obtained by means of a computer driven printer, e.g. an ink jet or laser printer, or by electrographic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G11/00—Selection of substances for use as fixing agents
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/22—Processes involving a combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/09—Colouring agents for toner particles
    • G03G9/0902—Inorganic compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
    • G03G9/09733—Organic compounds
    • G03G9/09775—Organic compounds containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen or oxygen

Definitions

  • the material is hard and non-sticky in its normal state but melts in the range of from 70 to 170 C. to form a metastable liquid.
  • the metastable liquid is transferred under the effect of heat to a receiving sheet, and the receiving sheet is developed with a developer powder.
  • This invention relates to a process for producing reproductions, and more particularly to a process for producing a number of reproductions on ordinary paper.
  • the object is to provide a cheap and simple reproduction process without the necessity of incorporating chemicals in a receiving sheet, of using a darkroom and of using any liquid, so that the reproduction process is a dry system.
  • a reproduction process comprising (1) exposing an electrophotographic sheet (intermediate sheet) coated with a photoconductive layer to radiation to form an electrostatic image pattern, (2) developing the electrostatic image pattern with powder of a transferable and charge accepting material to form images, which have a tendency to form a metastable liquid when its melt is cooled, on the electrophotographic sheet in areas corresponding to the electrostatic image pattern, (3) transferring a part of the image of transferable and charge accepting material onto a receiving sheet, such as ordinary paper and film, and then (4) subjecting the transferred image to powder development and fixation.
  • the thus reproduced image is so stable that discoloration and deterioration in quality, such as is encountered with the ordinary reproducing materials of silver salt, does not occur.
  • the transfer can be carried out several, or even 10, 20 or more times, that is, a number of reproductions can be obtained from one intermediate.
  • the intermediate sheet to be used in the process according to the present invention there may be mentioned paper, film and metal plates having a photoconductive layer.
  • photoconductive materials there may be mentioned selenium, zinc oxide, and organic semi-conductors, such as anthracene, violanthrone, phthalocyanine, Crystal Violet, polyvinyl-carbazol and the like.
  • the intermediate sheet is electrostatically charged and exposed imagewise, in a conventional electrostatic photographic process. The sheet is then powerdeveloped with a powder developer having a component described hereinafter in detail.
  • the powder developer which develops the intermediate sheet mentioned above must have two properties described below.
  • Good transferability.1t should be selected from such transferable materials that are non-adhesive at room temperature but become adhesive after melting at a temperature in the range of from C. to C., and have a high super-cooling property. That is to say the material is retained in a metastable liquid phase at room temperature for several minutes after being melted and cooled.
  • transferable material there may be mentioned those shown in the following table (see Belgian patent specifications No. 631,304 and 644,- 239). This property is required for the transfer from the intermediate as described hereinafter.
  • the values in the third column of this table are the relative coordinates in triboelectric series determined based on the two standard materials.
  • the material of larger value is charged positive and suitable for the development of the intermediate (for example, a sheet coated with zinc oxide) to prepare a negatively charged electrostatic latent image.
  • the material of smaller value is suitable for the development of the intermediate (for example, a sheet vacuum-evaporated with selenium) to prepare a positive charged electrostatic latent image.
  • the absolute value of charge quantity per gram of powder passed through a screen of 170 mesh (diameter 88 microns) more than .4 microcoulomb is shown as A, that from 1 or 3 microcoulombs as B, that of about 1 microcoulomb as C and that less than 1 microcoulomb as D.
  • the powder developer to be used in the process according to the present invention and having the two properties mentioned above is granulated to a grain size of 0.1-100 microns in diameter to use. It may be mixed with an infrared absorbing substance. The amount of infrared absorbing substance mixed may be less than 0.1 part by weight per part by weight of transferable and charge acceptable material.
  • an infrared ray-absorbing mater al may be used a finely divided inorganic or organic plgment. Typical examples thereof are carbon black, 1101'1 oxides, chrome green, ultramarine blue, cobalt blue and indigo.
  • the powder developer for developing an exposed intermediate sheet may be prepared by the following procedure.
  • One part by weight of a transferable and charge accepting material is thoroughly mixed with 0-0.1 part by weight of a finely divided infrared ray-absorbing material and heated.
  • the transferable and charge accepting material is melted, the molten mixture is further blended sufiiciently and cooled to normal temperature.
  • the molten mixture after being solidified completely, is finely pulverized by suitable means and then granulated to a grain size of 0.1-100 microns in diameter.
  • a mixture of a powder developer used in the conventional electrophotography (called toner) and finely divided transferable and charge accepting material may be used as the powder developer for developing an exposed intermediate of the present invention.
  • the intermediate sheet mentioned above is exposed and powder-developed with the powder developer made of the transferable and charge accepting material to form the mirror image of an original.
  • the intermediate sheet is heated by suitable means to raise the temperature to the melting point of the transferable and charge accepting material and then cooled to room temperature, thereby to fix the powder image of the original on the intermediate sheet.
  • the coated side of the thus processed intermediate sheet is placed upon a receiving sheet, such as paper, film, glass or cloth and heated. The heating is carried out by holding them between two hot plates or by the use of infrared rays. Or, the surface of the intermediate sheet is heated by infrared ray irradiation, followed by placing thereon a receiving sheet, and pressing them together.
  • an infrared ray-absorbing material is preferably added to the transferable and charge accepting material.
  • the transferable and charge accepting material is thus transferred to a receiving sheet. If the powder development is carried out just after the transfer, the power neveloper is adhered only to the portion of the receiving sheet coated with the transferable and charge accepting material due to the adhesivity of this material, whereby to form an image.
  • the powder developer used for developing a receiving sheet there may be employed any fine powder having a suitable grain size to be adhered to a molten transferable and charge accepting material.
  • the powder developer may be prepared by dispersing in a thermoplastic resin. such as a phenol-formaldehyde resin, a molten mixture of chlorinated naphthalene and polystyrene or a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, a carbonaceous material, such as carbon black or asphalt powder, an inorganic pigment, such as basic lead carbonate, zinc oxide.
  • a thermoplastic resin such as a phenol-formaldehyde resin, a molten mixture of chlorinated naphthalene and polystyrene or a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate
  • a carbonaceous material such as carbon black or asphalt powder
  • an inorganic pigment such as basic lead carbonate, zinc oxide.
  • titanium dioxide antimony trioxide, iron oxides, cadmium sulphide, basic chromate, molybdenum orange, cadmium yellow, chrome green, ultramarine blue, or organic pigments, such as benzidine yellow, indigo and alizarin. and granulating the thus prepared dispersion by a suitable method into granules having a diameter of from 0.1 to 50 microns.
  • a toner used for conventional electrophotography is used in the present method. The color of such developers should be selected in accordance with the color of the receiving sheet.
  • a powder developer the surface of which is treated with surfactant, and the mixture of a powder developer and a powder of a solid surfactant, which is described and claimed in the specification .of our co-pending application No. 529,901 can be used in the process of the present invention.
  • Surfactants used as wetting agents are suitable for this purpose, and examples thereof are alkylsulfosuccinates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl esters of sorbitan. long-chain hydrocarbon quaternary ammonium salts, and alkyl esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan.
  • the amount of surfactant used can be selected in any amount corresponding to the kind of surface active agent, and, in general, it is suitable in an amount of about 10 10 and more especially 10 -10 molecules per cm! surface of powder developer.
  • Such powder developer has a strong adhesion to the transferable and charge accepting material so that the contrast of image of copy may be emphasized.
  • the transfer of a transferable material to a receiving sheet from an intermediate sheet can be carried out several times.
  • Example I A plate for the electrophotography, which is colorsensitived and coated with zinc oxide, is charged and exposed in a common manner and then powder-developed with the powder developer prepared by the procedure described hereinafter for the development of the intermediate sheet.
  • a receiving sheet was placed upon the image surface of the intermediate sheet, and heated by a heater or by irradiating infrared rays from the back of the intermediate sheet, so as to melt a part of the transferable material and to transfer it to the receiving sheet.
  • the receiving sheet is powder-developed with a toner, which is prepared by milling 80 parts of polystyrene, parts of phenol-formaldehyde resin and 10 parts of carbon black on a hot roll and grinding the resulting homogeneous mixture to an average particle size of -25 and fixed in the vapor of trichloroethylene.
  • a toner which is prepared by milling 80 parts of polystyrene, parts of phenol-formaldehyde resin and 10 parts of carbon black on a hot roll and grinding the resulting homogeneous mixture to an average particle size of -25 and fixed in the vapor of trichloroethylene.
  • Example 2 An aluminum original plate for electrophotography, which is vacuum-vaporized with amorphous selenium, is charged in a common manner, exposed and powder-developed with the powder developer for the development of the intermediate sheet, said developer being prepared by the method described hereinafter, to obtain an intermediate.
  • a selenium vacuum-evaporated plate coated with the powder developer may be contacted with other paper or film, corona discharged in their contact to transfer electrostatically thepowder developer on the selenium plate onto said paper or film and used as an intermediate sheet.
  • g. of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone is blended with 1 g. of carbon black and heated at 147 C. to melt the blend.
  • the mixture in the form of a melt is stirred well, cooled to room temperature to solidify and then granulated to less than 400 mesh.
  • Example 3 An intermediate sheet is prepared with the materials and procedure as described in Example 1 and developed with the powder developer prepared as in Example 1 by heating 20 g. of powdered 1-phenyl3-pyrazolidone and 1 g. of carbon black at 125 C. to melt. The transferable and charge accepting material adhered corresponding to the image area of original is then transferred onto a receiving sheet.
  • Example 4 A paper 100 thick undercoated with polyvinyl alcohol is coated with a solution of polybutyl methacrylate resin in toluene so that the dried thickness may be 10 After drying the layer, a metallic type which is charged with a direct current voltage of l,000 v. is pressed onto the surface to form an electrostatic latent image, which is then developed with the same powder developer for the development of the intermediate sheet as described in Example 1. Good copies can be obtained by the same procedure as described in Example 1.
  • step (4) A process as claimed in claim 1, in which said developing powder used in step (4) has been mixed with a fine solid surfactant.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Color Printing (AREA)
US542196A 1965-04-14 1966-04-13 Reproduction process including transfer and redevelopment of electrostatically formed images Expired - Lifetime US3473923A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2162065 1965-04-14

Publications (1)

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US3473923A true US3473923A (en) 1969-10-21

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Country Status (4)

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US (1) US3473923A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE679506A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1522597B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1152832A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3961951A (en) * 1974-12-26 1976-06-08 Itek Corporation Electrophotographic method for producing multiple copies from the same electrostatic image
US4115289A (en) * 1973-08-02 1978-09-19 A. B. Dick Company Dry powdered or liquid developer compositions
US4272601A (en) * 1978-06-06 1981-06-09 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. Coated developer carrier for electrophotography
US4307169A (en) * 1977-11-10 1981-12-22 Moore Business Forms, Inc. Microcapsular electroscopic marking particles
US4460672A (en) * 1982-10-14 1984-07-17 Xerox Corporation Positively charged electrostatic toner contains low molecular weight waxy material and pyridinium halide or organic sulfonate
US4608329A (en) * 1985-01-08 1986-08-26 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Imageable toner powder
US4683191A (en) * 1985-01-08 1987-07-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Imageable toner powder
US4814250A (en) * 1987-03-17 1989-03-21 Eastman Kodak Company Electrophotographic toner and developer compositions containing dioctylsulfosuccinate and sodium benzoate charge control agents
CN103105754A (zh) * 2012-12-07 2013-05-15 大连奥林匹克电子城咨信商行 一种打印机用彩色墨粉

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2297691A (en) * 1939-04-04 1942-10-06 Chester F Carlson Electrophotography
US3260612A (en) * 1961-07-14 1966-07-12 Eastman Kodak Co Thermographic recording process and heat-sensitive elements therefor
US3265522A (en) * 1962-01-25 1966-08-09 Imagic Ltd Method and apparatus for developing latent images
US3360367A (en) * 1966-03-15 1967-12-26 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Copying of graphic images
US3362380A (en) * 1964-10-08 1968-01-09 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Developer powder applicator unit having a supply roll with a magnetized working surface
US3377286A (en) * 1965-01-19 1968-04-09 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Developer powder containing black magnetic iron oxide

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2297691A (en) * 1939-04-04 1942-10-06 Chester F Carlson Electrophotography
US3260612A (en) * 1961-07-14 1966-07-12 Eastman Kodak Co Thermographic recording process and heat-sensitive elements therefor
US3265522A (en) * 1962-01-25 1966-08-09 Imagic Ltd Method and apparatus for developing latent images
US3362380A (en) * 1964-10-08 1968-01-09 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Developer powder applicator unit having a supply roll with a magnetized working surface
US3377286A (en) * 1965-01-19 1968-04-09 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Developer powder containing black magnetic iron oxide
US3360367A (en) * 1966-03-15 1967-12-26 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Copying of graphic images

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4115289A (en) * 1973-08-02 1978-09-19 A. B. Dick Company Dry powdered or liquid developer compositions
US3961951A (en) * 1974-12-26 1976-06-08 Itek Corporation Electrophotographic method for producing multiple copies from the same electrostatic image
US4307169A (en) * 1977-11-10 1981-12-22 Moore Business Forms, Inc. Microcapsular electroscopic marking particles
US4272601A (en) * 1978-06-06 1981-06-09 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. Coated developer carrier for electrophotography
US4460672A (en) * 1982-10-14 1984-07-17 Xerox Corporation Positively charged electrostatic toner contains low molecular weight waxy material and pyridinium halide or organic sulfonate
US4608329A (en) * 1985-01-08 1986-08-26 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Imageable toner powder
US4683191A (en) * 1985-01-08 1987-07-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Imageable toner powder
US4814250A (en) * 1987-03-17 1989-03-21 Eastman Kodak Company Electrophotographic toner and developer compositions containing dioctylsulfosuccinate and sodium benzoate charge control agents
EP0282740A3 (en) * 1987-03-17 1990-04-18 EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation) Electrophotographic toner and developer compositions
CN103105754A (zh) * 2012-12-07 2013-05-15 大连奥林匹克电子城咨信商行 一种打印机用彩色墨粉
CN103105754B (zh) * 2012-12-07 2015-10-14 大连一加致诚科技发展有限公司 一种打印机用彩色墨粉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE679506A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-09-16
DE1522597A1 (de) 1969-09-18
DE1522597B2 (de) 1972-01-05
GB1152832A (en) 1969-05-21

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