US3471814A - Magnetic actuators - Google Patents

Magnetic actuators Download PDF

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Publication number
US3471814A
US3471814A US658560A US3471814DA US3471814A US 3471814 A US3471814 A US 3471814A US 658560 A US658560 A US 658560A US 3471814D A US3471814D A US 3471814DA US 3471814 A US3471814 A US 3471814A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
movable
contact
magnetic
casing
contacts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US658560A
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English (en)
Inventor
Edward Raymond Burdett
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English Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
English Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by English Electric Co Ltd filed Critical English Electric Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3471814A publication Critical patent/US3471814A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H33/38—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electromagnet

Definitions

  • a magnetic actuator for an electric vacuum switch has a casing carrying a roller which engages a cam.
  • a push rod, which passes through the casing, is connected between the movable contact of the switch and an armature plate.
  • Rotation of the cam brings the casing into contact with the armature plate whereupon energisation of a holding coil carried by the casing holds the armature plate in contact with the casing magnetically so that the armature plate moves with the casing during further rotation of the cam to close the contacts of the switch and compress springs which load the movable contact to its open position. Subsequent de-energisation of the holding coil, or energisation of a trip coil carried by the casing, permits the springs to overcome the magnetic force holding the armature plate in contact with the casing and move the movable contact to its open position.
  • This invention relates to magnetic actuators and has particular, though not exclusive, application to the provision of actuating means for the movable contacts of electric switches.
  • a magnetic actuator includes actuating means, a movable element, means for imparting a cycle of reciprocatory motion to said movable element, the initial stroke of said cycle bringing said movable element into contact with a surface defined on said actuating means, magnetic flux producing means for producing a magnetic force which holds said surface in contact with said movable element when such contact is made so that said actuating means is moved with said movable element during the return stroke of said cycle, and means for subsequently reducing the magnitude of said magnetic force sufliciently for permitting said surface to move away from said movable element.
  • said magnetic actuator includes means to produce a force acting on said actuating means in the direction of the initial stroke of said cycle, said surface being moved away from said movable element by said force when the magnitude of said magnetic force is reduced.
  • the magnetic actuator may be associated with an electric switch, the actuating means of said magnetic actuator being connected to a movable contact of said electric switch to move said movable contact into or out of engagement with the cooperating contact of said electric switch.
  • Electric vacuum switches capable of interrupting large fault currents require a higher contact pressure and a higlher speed of contact separation than hitherto; moreover the need for higher withstand voltages results in a requirement for a greater contact separation when in the open position. Whilst closing the contacts of such a vacuum switch it is desirab-le to move the movable contact rapidly towards its co-operating contact during the initial stages of a closing movement and then to progressively slow it down as it approaches the point of engagement with the co-operating contact in order to reduce the impact forces and thus reduce the likelihood of damage 3,471,814 Patented Oct. 7 1969 occurring to the contact surfaces upon engagement of the contacts.
  • a magnetic actuator in accordance with this invention as an actuating mechanism for a movable contact of an electric vacuum switch may enable the foregoing requirements to be met and, in the typical example described hereinafter, enables the contacts of an electric vacuum switch to be held together with a force of 500 lbs., to be opened in less than l0 milliseconds and permits a contact separation of between 0.5 and 1.0 inch.
  • the electric vacuum switch comprises a fixed contact 8 which co-operates with a movable contact 9. Th contacts 8, 9 are housed in a chamber 10 wlhidh is evacuated.
  • the contacts 8, 9 and the chamber 10 may be of any desired construction in accordance with vacuum switch practice, and are therefore not described in detail.
  • a magnetic actuator 7 is provided for opening and closing the contacts 8, 9.
  • the magnetic actuator 7 includes a movable element comprising a casing 11 of ferro-magnetic material having an annular part 11A in which is housed an electro-magnetic holding coil 12 and a trip coil 13.
  • the actuating means of the magnetic actuator 7 comprises an armature 14 and a push rod 15 which is connected to the movable contact 9.
  • the armature 14 is in the form of a flat plate of ferro-magnetic material.
  • the end of the push 4rod 1S remote from the movable contact 9 is secured to a face 14A of the armature plate 14 so that the push rod 15 protrudes therefrom and extends through the bore 16 of the annular part 11A.
  • the face 14A provides a surface of the actuating means which is adjacent and'substantially parallel to the lower face 11B of the annular part 11A.
  • the push rod 15 is mounted within bearings 17 mounted at each end of the bore 16 so as to be capable of movement axially of the bore 16 relative to the casing 11.
  • the casing 11 is mounted in spaced upper and lower bearings 18 in an external frame 19, the bearings 18 being conveniently mounted in spaced upper and lower transverse flanges 19A of the frame 19 to allow movement of the casing 11 in a direction parallel to the axis of the bore 16.
  • That part of the casing 11 wlhich is slidably supported by the lower bearing 18 comprises a central rod-like extension 20 which carries a roller 21 below the lower bearing 18.
  • the roller 21 cooperates with a shaped cam 22 which may be rotated by a motor 23 mounted on the frame 19 to impart a cycle of reciprocatory motion to the casing 11.
  • roller 21, which acts as -a cam follower, A may remain in contact with Ithe cam 22 under the influence of gravity, ⁇ or may be assisted, for example by light springs 24 between the casing 11 and the upper transverse flange 19A.
  • the push rod 15 carries a flange 25 above the upper end of the casing 11 (that is on the side of the annular part 11A remote from the armature plate 14).
  • the flange 25 is loaded downwards by release Isprings 26, which 'are shown as coil springs in compression between the frame 19 and the llange 25.
  • the method of 'operation is as follows. Initially the contacts lare open, the armature 14 is in its lowermost position, yand the roller 21, and consequently the casing 11, is in its uppermost position, with the roller 21 supported by the maximum radius part of the cam 22 (as illustrated in the drawing).
  • the motor 23 is rotated, driving the cam 22, and imparting a cycle of reciprocatory motion to the casing 11, allowing the casing 11 to fall under the iniiuence of gravity or of springs 24 during the initial stroke of the cycle.
  • the casing 11 falls until its lower Iface 11B cornes into contact withthe face 14A of the armature 14 and, if the holding coil 12 is energised, the magnetic flux produced results in a magnetic torce which holds lthe ⁇ armature 14 in contact with the lower ⁇ face 11B of the casing 11.
  • the holding coil 12 is de-cnengised, allowing the magnetic ux to decrease and resulting in a sufiicient reduction in the magnitude of Ithe magnetic lforce so that the force of springs 26 causes the armature 14 to move away trom the lower Itace 11B of the casing 11, and the movable contact 9 travels downward to its open position.
  • the holding coil 12 may remain energised, and the trip coil 13 is energised-e.g. by a pulseto divert the magnetic ilux from the armature 14 and thus sufficiently reduce the magnitude of the magnetic force holding the surface 14A of the armature 14 in contact with the casing 11, so that the springs 26 cause the contacts to open, as in the tirst method.
  • the trip coil 13 may be of low inductance.
  • vacuum switch has been described in the vertical position, it may be used in any other position using suitable springs 24.
  • any other suitable means may be used to impart a cycle of reciprocatory motion to the casing 11; such means may be electrical, mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic.
  • the fixed contact 8 may be spring loaded towards the movable contact 9 and may be mounted so as to be capable of limited ⁇ axial movement, and the movable contact 9 may lbe c-onnected to the push rod 15 through a compressi-ble coupling means, so that the iixed contact 8 may move with the movable contact 9 to compress the spring loading the iixed contact 8 towards the movable contact 9, and the push rod 15 may move relative to the movable contact 9 to compress the compressi-ble coupling means and load the movable Contact 9 towards the fixed contact 8 upon initial closure of the contacts 8, 9.
  • the release springs 26 may be replaced by any other suitable means of providing the desired force acting on the actuating means in the direction of the initial stroke of the cycle; such alternative means may conveniently provide lfor variation ofthe force, and thus for variation of the switch opening speed; this alternative means may be other mechanical lmeans, or electrical, hydraulic, or pneumatic means.
  • Two or more interrupters may be operated by a single 4 actuating mechanism, by provision of a suitable interconnection.
  • the holding coil 12 may be replaced by ⁇ a permanent magnet as a means of producing magnetic flux.
  • a magnetic actuator having movable actuating means; a co-operating element; biasing means biasing said movable actuating means to one position; and magnetic flux pnoducing means yfor producing a magnetic force which holds said movable actuating means and said cooperating element together, the improvement comprises:
  • cam and cam follower means connected to the movable cooperating element to impart to the movable co-operating element a cycle of reciprocatory motion having an initial stroke for moving said movable co-operating element into contact with said movable actuating means to enable them to be held together by operation of said magnetic flux produci ing means, and a return stroke for moving said actuating means and said movable co-operating element together against the bias of said biasing means;
  • (iii) means reducing the magnitude of said magnetic torce holding said movable actuating means ⁇ an-d said lmovable co-.operating element together so as to permit said biasing means to move said movable actuating means away from said movable co-operating elements.
  • a magnetic actuator having movable lactuating means; a co-operatirig element; biasing means biasing said movable actuating means to one position; and magnetic flux producing means for producing a magnetic force which holds said movable actuating means and said cooperating element together, said magnetic ilux producing means being being housed within said co-operating element; the impnovement comprises:
  • cam and cam follower means connected to the lmovable co-operating element so as to impart to said movable co-operating element a cycle of linear reciprocatory motion lhaving .an initial stroke for moving said movable co-operating element into contact with said movable ⁇ actuating means to enable them to be held together by operation of said magnetic flux producing means, and a. return stroke for moving said actuating means and said movable co-'operating element together against the bias [of said 'biasing means; and
  • trip coil means housed within said movable cooperating element and energizable so as to divert magnetic flux produced by said magnetic flux producing means away from said movable actuating means so that said movable actuating means is moved away from said movable co-operating element by said biasing means.
  • said movable actuating means comprising rod means and an armature plate, said rod means being secured to and protruding from a face of said armature plate and extending through said bore.
  • said biasing means comprising spring means acting upon said flange means.
  • An electric switch including a pair of co-operating contacts, one of which is movable, and having associated References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,248,497 4/ 1966 Lindsay. 3,253,098 5/1966 Perry 335-170 BERNARD A. GILHEANY, Primary Examiner H. BROOME, Assistant Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 200-144; 335-170

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
US658560A 1966-08-04 1967-08-04 Magnetic actuators Expired - Lifetime US3471814A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3492866 1966-08-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3471814A true US3471814A (en) 1969-10-07

Family

ID=10371664

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US658560A Expired - Lifetime US3471814A (en) 1966-08-04 1967-08-04 Magnetic actuators

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3471814A (en, 2012)
JP (1) JPS4634528B1 (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE1301181B (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR1532765A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB1143805A (en, 2012)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3859611A (en) * 1972-10-30 1975-01-07 Hazemeijer Bv Electric switching apparatus
DE2331858A1 (de) * 1973-06-22 1975-01-16 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Vakuumtrennschalter
US4272661A (en) * 1978-03-09 1981-06-09 Gould Inc. High speed vacuum interrupter
US4675771A (en) * 1985-07-26 1987-06-23 Combined Technologies, Inc. Fault sensing system for a transformer network
RU2237309C1 (ru) * 2003-01-22 2004-09-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Карпинский электромашиностроительный завод" Вакуумный выключатель внутренней установки
US20120274428A1 (en) * 2009-10-14 2012-11-01 Abb Technology Ag Circuit-breaker with a common housing
WO2013004467A1 (de) * 2011-07-05 2013-01-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Antrieb für ein schaltgerät
US20150123751A1 (en) * 2013-11-06 2015-05-07 Lsis Co., Ltd. Circuit breaker
US20160099123A1 (en) * 2014-02-27 2016-04-07 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Switchgear operating mechanism
CN106935438A (zh) * 2017-03-08 2017-07-07 平高集团有限公司 一种磁力操动机构控制方法及控制装置
US20200251294A1 (en) * 2019-01-31 2020-08-06 S&C Electric Company Manual close assist control mechanism
US10971317B2 (en) * 2017-03-10 2021-04-06 Abb Schweiz Ag Mechanical closing of a current interrupter

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2145746C1 (ru) * 1998-06-24 2000-02-20 Трусов Николай Николаевич Выключатель с электромагнитным приводом
RU2302682C2 (ru) * 2004-10-11 2007-07-10 УКРАИНСКИЙ НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ, ПРОЕКТНО-КОНСТРУКТОРСКИЙ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ ВЗРЫВОЗАЩИЩЕННОГО И РУДНИЧНОГО ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЯ С ОПЫТНО-ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫМ ПРОИЗВОДСТВОМ (УкрНИИВЭ) Устройство для коммутации электрических цепей
DE102008045641B3 (de) * 2008-09-03 2010-05-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Nockenwellenantrieb für eine Vakuumschaltröhre und Schaltgerät
UA92438C2 (ru) * 2010-01-14 2010-10-25 Закрытое Акционерное Общество "Донексталь" - Металлургический Завод" Устройство коммутации электрических цепей
EP2466599A1 (en) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-20 Eaton Industries (Netherlands) B.V. Electromagnetic actuator with under voltage release
CN108807045B (zh) * 2018-07-25 2020-06-09 西安交通大学 一种电磁斥力开关的触头磁吹方法及开关系统

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3248497A (en) * 1961-10-09 1966-04-26 Jennings Radio Mfg Corp Drive mechanism for vacuum switches
US3253098A (en) * 1963-10-24 1966-05-24 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Mechanical actuator with permanent magnet

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1205789B (de) * 1956-08-28 1965-11-25 Ledex Inc Vorrichtung zum Umwandeln einer Axialbewegung in eine Drehbewegung
DE1119956B (de) * 1958-08-25 1961-12-21 Sondershausen Elektro Elektrischer Schalter, dessen Schalt- und Haftkraefte durch Dauermagnete erzeugt werden
US3052828A (en) * 1959-08-05 1962-09-04 P S P Engineering Co Rotary electromagnetic actuator
DE1169750B (de) * 1960-11-10 1964-05-06 Ernst Tesch K G Schalteinrichtung

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3248497A (en) * 1961-10-09 1966-04-26 Jennings Radio Mfg Corp Drive mechanism for vacuum switches
US3253098A (en) * 1963-10-24 1966-05-24 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Mechanical actuator with permanent magnet

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3859611A (en) * 1972-10-30 1975-01-07 Hazemeijer Bv Electric switching apparatus
DE2331858A1 (de) * 1973-06-22 1975-01-16 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Vakuumtrennschalter
US4272661A (en) * 1978-03-09 1981-06-09 Gould Inc. High speed vacuum interrupter
US4675771A (en) * 1985-07-26 1987-06-23 Combined Technologies, Inc. Fault sensing system for a transformer network
RU2237309C1 (ru) * 2003-01-22 2004-09-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Карпинский электромашиностроительный завод" Вакуумный выключатель внутренней установки
US20120274428A1 (en) * 2009-10-14 2012-11-01 Abb Technology Ag Circuit-breaker with a common housing
WO2013004467A1 (de) * 2011-07-05 2013-01-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Antrieb für ein schaltgerät
CN103650085A (zh) * 2011-07-05 2014-03-19 西门子公司 用于开关装置的驱动器
US9123480B2 (en) 2011-07-05 2015-09-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Drive for a switching device
CN103650085B (zh) * 2011-07-05 2016-04-20 西门子公司 用于开关装置的驱动器
AU2012280607B2 (en) * 2011-07-05 2016-05-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Drive for a switching device
US20150123751A1 (en) * 2013-11-06 2015-05-07 Lsis Co., Ltd. Circuit breaker
US9431184B2 (en) * 2013-11-06 2016-08-30 Lsis Co., Ltd. Circuit breaker
US20160099123A1 (en) * 2014-02-27 2016-04-07 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Switchgear operating mechanism
US9508514B2 (en) * 2014-02-27 2016-11-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Switchgear operating mechanism
CN106935438A (zh) * 2017-03-08 2017-07-07 平高集团有限公司 一种磁力操动机构控制方法及控制装置
US10971317B2 (en) * 2017-03-10 2021-04-06 Abb Schweiz Ag Mechanical closing of a current interrupter
US20200251294A1 (en) * 2019-01-31 2020-08-06 S&C Electric Company Manual close assist control mechanism
US10964496B2 (en) * 2019-01-31 2021-03-30 S&C Electric Company Manual close assist control mechanism
US11417481B2 (en) 2019-01-31 2022-08-16 S&C Electric Company Switch assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1301181B (de) 1969-08-14
JPS4634528B1 (en, 2012) 1971-10-09
FR1532765A (fr) 1968-07-12
GB1143805A (en, 2012)

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