US3470950A - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
US3470950A
US3470950A US612927A US3470950DA US3470950A US 3470950 A US3470950 A US 3470950A US 612927 A US612927 A US 612927A US 3470950D A US3470950D A US 3470950DA US 3470950 A US3470950 A US 3470950A
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Prior art keywords
fluid
walls
heat transfer
heat exchanger
flow
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Expired - Lifetime
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US612927A
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English (en)
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Milton Menkus
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
    • F28F3/086—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning having one or more openings therein forming tubular heat-exchange passages

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a labyrinth-type heat exchanger for effecting transfer of heat from a fluid or fluids flowing at one side of a barrier to another fluid or fluids flowing on the other side of the barrier, which heat exchanger has as many applications as there are uses for heat exchangers generally.
  • it may serve as a boiler, or an appendage to a boiler, or as a furnace, or as a roof, wall or structural panel of a building or room or the like with inherent ducting and heat exchange, or as a separate accessory where outside air used for make-up in a building may be heated by air being exhausted from that building.
  • the system requires acceleration and deceleration of fluid flow due to variations in the area available in the course of intercellular flow as fluid is progressed through a flow path. Too, pulsing type velocity changes in fluid flow will occur, same resulting in expansion or contraction, causing the labyrinth or helical flow to accelerate and decelerate and to change paths whereby turbulence is increased to enhance heat transfer.
  • a primary object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger of modular type design wherewith infinite variations can be approached by the simple expedient of increasing or decreasing the number of modules, or the size of the modules, or the length of configuration of the flow paths.
  • Another object is to provide a heat exchanger for fluids having an extremely high rate of heat transfer resultant from the unique construction of the fluid flow paths through the structure, which structure has an extremely high strength in its design.
  • the exchanger hereof may be used as either a parallel or counterflow type or as a temperature equalizer prior to fluid blending.
  • the exchanger may be arranged in a plurality of planar groups, in manner such that a flow path of one group may be enclosed on all of its planes by other flow paths of its own group or of adjacent groups.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary, partially exploded view in perspective of a grille or grid of the type from which the heat transfer element may be formed;
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary, partially exploded view, in perspective, of one form of heat transfer element of a heat exchanger of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view, in perspective, of a heat exchanger embodying a form of the invention wherein the fluid flow paths of the heat transfer element are vertically disposed;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view, in perspective, of a heat exchanger embodying a form of the invention wherein the fluid flow paths of the heat transfer element are diagonally disposed;
  • FIG. is a fragmentary view, in perspective, of a heat exchanger embodying another form of the invention wherein a plurality of heat transfer elements are arranged in a stacked relationship;
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary view, in perspective, of another form of heat transfer element wherein the fluid flow paths thereof are vertically disposed.
  • Heat exchangers may take the form of one or two or more heat transfer elements enclosed and/or separated by heat transfer walls or plates and connected, as by suitable inlet headers or inlet lines, to supply sources of heated and/or cooled fluids and further being provided with suitable outlet headers or outlet lines.
  • suitable inlet headers or inlet lines to supply sources of heated and/or cooled fluids and further being provided with suitable outlet headers or outlet lines.
  • Such headering means for inlet and outlet purposes being widely variable with respect to type, have not been illustrated in the drawings, in order to simplify same and to restrict the disclosure to the heart of the invention.
  • fluid it will be understood to mean anything that will flow, whether of liquid or gaseous form.
  • the invention has been labeled a heat exchanger for purposes of convenience, the term being used in its classical sense of any device used to transfer heat from a fluid flowing on one side of a barrier to another fluid flowing on the other side of the barrier.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a grille or grid or latticework formed of metal, plastic, or equivalent material and being of the type from which heat transfer elements embodying the invention are preferentially, but not obligatorily, fabricated. Same comprises a plurality of equi-spaced, parallel, upright longitudinally-extending bar-like walls 20 and a plurality of equi-spaced, parallel, upright, transversely-extending barlike walls 30 normal to and intersecting walls 20 thereby to define a plurality of generally square or rectangular or other shape, noncommunicating, cells or chambers 40, each such cell or chamber being bounded by portions of a pair of adjacent walls and portions of a pair of adjacent walls 30.
  • Such grille or grid or latticework so described may be of the interdigitating type as frequently employed in fluorescent light fixtures for diffusion of light.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a heat transfer element 10, embodying one form of the invention, and formed by upsetting or deforming certain portions of certain of walls 20 and intermediate adjacent chambers to afford communication between said chambers.
  • a plurality of such communicating chambers define a flow path.
  • walls 20 and 30 are upset or deformed, not randomly, but according to a pattern or patterns, so as to provide a plurality of flow paths through the heat transfer element, as will be explained more fully hereinafter.
  • Portions of walls 20 and 30 are deformed downwardly from their respective top planar surfaces or are upset upwardly from their respective bottom planar surfaces so as to project normally in the direction of fluid flow and t; allow ports communicating between adjacent chamers.
  • Such upsetting or deforming may be at either side of a particular wall 20 or 30.
  • a wall 20 is shown as provided with a plurality of equi-spaced tabs 22 which are formed by deforming or bending the wall downwardly from its top planar edge so that the tabs may extend outwardly from each side face of the wall in an alternating manner and thereby define a plurality of equi-spaced ports 24 through the wall.
  • a wall 30 is shown as provided with a plurality of equi-spaced tabs 32 formed by upsetting or bending the wall upwardly from its bottom planar edge so that the tabs may extend outwardly from each side face of the wall in an alternating manner and provide a plurality of equi-spaced ports 34 through the wall.
  • Such system of upsetting certain portions of walls 30 either inwardly or outwardly or of deforming certain portions of the Walls 20 either inwardly or outwardly, all whereby intercommunication between certain of the cells or chambers 40 is obtained, is carried out throughout the entirety of heat exchange element 10, so as to provide a plurality of fluid flow paths therethrough.
  • Ports 24 and 34 afford communication between adjacent cells or chambers 40, with the fluid flow being in an up-and-down, zig-zag, tortuous path, as will be more fully explained hereinafter.
  • the flow paths thus provided offer the advantage of obtaining greater turbulence of the fluid or fluids passed therealong.
  • FIG. 3 is illustrated a form of heat exchanger comprising a heat transfer element or core 10 sandwiched between inboard and outboard heat transfer walls or plates and 52 respectively and further enclosed by side walls or plates 54.
  • Suitable headers will be strategically connected to the heat transfer element to provide fluid inlets to and outlets from the heat exchanger.
  • the heated fluid paths are indicated by the arrows A and the cooled fluid paths are indicated by the arrows B, with shading being applied only to the heated fluid path for purposes of clarity.
  • the paths can be of the parallel or counterflow type, as desired, counterflow being herein illustrated.
  • Paths A and B alternate throughout the width of the heat exchanger, with the flow being through a port 34, under a tab 32, into one chamber 40, through a port 24, over a tab 22 and into the next adjacent cell or chamber 40 disposed immediately thereabove or therebelow, where the process is repeated.
  • Differing flow path lengths may be utilized in those instances where it might be advantageous to do so, as in a triple, quadruple or larger fluid heat exchange system.
  • Each flow path pattern occurs in a zig-zag or checkerboard fashion, with each cell or chamber having a tab in the third direction which is mutually perpendicular to the planes formed by the walls and parallel with the plates.
  • FIG. 4 embodiment is identical in construction to that shown in FIG. 3, except that diagonal hot and cold flow paths C and D respectively are shown in lieu of vertical flow paths.
  • FIG. 5 I have shown a manifold or sandwich construction comprising an intermediate heat transfer element disposed between an upper heat transfer element 210 and a lower heat transfer element 310, upper heat transfer element 210 being enclosed by a pair of lower and upper heat transfer walls or plates 250 and 252 respectively, and lower heat transfer element 310 being enclosed by a pair of lower and upper heat transfer walls or plates 350 and 352 respectively.
  • the heat transfer elements are stacked in seriatim with central heat transfer element 110 being enclosed by lower plate 250 of upper heat transfer element 210 and by upper plate 352 of lower heat transfer element 310.
  • the heat transfer elements are also enclosed by side walls or plates, not shown, and the ends will be suitably connected to headers, also not shown, for fluid inlets and outlets.
  • Each heat transfer element is comprised of spaced, parallel longitudinally-extending bar-like walls intersected by spaced, parallel, transversely extending bar-like walls as with the FIGS. 14 embodiment.
  • flow path E of central element 110 is bounded on two sides in its own plane by flow paths F and G, is bounded on its upper side in the next upper horizontal plane by flow path H, and is bounded on its lower side in the next lower horizontal plane by flow path I.
  • a hot flow path in the central element may be bounded on its upper and lower sides by hot paths or by cold paths or it may be bounded on all of its sides by a counter flow path.
  • the tabs have been omitted, whereby the heat transfer element is particularly adapted for fabrication from a suitable plastic material, as by a molding process.
  • the tabless, plastic element is preferable for use in those instances where strength and rigidity are not critical factors and especially when the element may be periodically removed, discarded and replaced rather than cleaned in a program of planned replacement.
  • a plurality of equi-spaced, parallel and upright walls 420 of a heat transfer element 410 are intersected by a plurality of equi-spaced, parallel and upright walls 430 to define a plurality of cells or chambers 440.
  • the walls 420 are provided along their top edges with a plurality of spaced ports 424 and the walls 430 are provided along their bottom edges with a plurality of spaced ports 434, the ports 424 and 434 opening into the cells or chambers 440.
  • the fluid flow paths may be either vertical, horizontal or diagonal as with the FIGS. 25 embodiments.
  • the axis of a flow path need not necessarily be linear and can comprise any combination of part linear and part zig-zag, not only in one plane or dimension but in two or three planes or dimensions.
  • a heat exchanger for imparting the heat of one fluid to another fluid without commingling the fluids by passing the fluids through sinuous passages within a common structure, the improvement consisting of a grille (a) comprising a plurality of longitudinally-extending walls intersected by a plurality of transversely-extending walls defining a plurality of cells,
  • each of the secondary series being contiguously juxtaposed between an adjacent pair of primary series;
  • the porting being formed by deforming certain portions of certain walls from one edge and by deforming certain other portions of certain other walls from the opposite edge.
  • a labyrinth-type heat exchanger for imparting the heat of one fluid to another fluid without commingling of the fluids by passing the fluids though sinuous passages within a common structure, the improvement consisting of a plurality of grilles disposed in stacked relationship in a multiplicity of planes,
  • each grille comprising a plurality of longitudinallyextending walls intersected by a plurality of transversely-extending walls defining a plurality of cells
  • each of the secondary series being contiguously juxtaposed between an adjacent pair of primary series
  • the porting being formed by deforming certain portions of certain walls from one edge and by deforming certain other portions of certain other walls from the opposite edges.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US612927A 1967-01-31 1967-01-31 Heat exchanger Expired - Lifetime US3470950A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US61292767A 1967-01-31 1967-01-31

Publications (1)

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US3470950A true US3470950A (en) 1969-10-07

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US612927A Expired - Lifetime US3470950A (en) 1967-01-31 1967-01-31 Heat exchanger

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3470950A (enExample)
DE (2) DE1601228A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR1558600A (enExample)
GB (1) GB1166519A (enExample)
IL (1) IL29057A (enExample)
NL (1) NL6717196A (enExample)
NO (1) NO121841B (enExample)
SE (1) SE336588B (enExample)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4612982A (en) * 1982-07-21 1986-09-23 Institut Francais Du Petrole Heat exchanger of modular structure
US4665974A (en) * 1983-02-17 1987-05-19 Institut Francais Du Petrole Heat exchanger of modular type and process for manufacture thereof
US6695044B1 (en) * 1999-03-27 2004-02-24 Chart Heat Exchangers Limited Partnership Heat exchanger
US20090320291A1 (en) * 2008-06-30 2009-12-31 O'neill Patrick S Methods of Manufacturing Brazed Aluminum Heat Exchangers
US20110036552A1 (en) * 2009-08-11 2011-02-17 Ventiva, Inc. Heatsink having one or more ozone catalyzing fins
US20110174468A1 (en) * 2009-08-11 2011-07-21 Ventiva, Inc. Ozone reducing heat sink having contoured fins

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB215482A (en) * 1923-02-26 1924-05-15 Manville Johns Inc Improvements in and relating to heat exchange devices
US3016921A (en) * 1958-04-14 1962-01-16 Trane Co Heat exchange fin element
US3225824A (en) * 1962-09-29 1965-12-28 Wartenburg Kurt Air-cooled heat exchanger for cooling liquid media

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB215482A (en) * 1923-02-26 1924-05-15 Manville Johns Inc Improvements in and relating to heat exchange devices
US3016921A (en) * 1958-04-14 1962-01-16 Trane Co Heat exchange fin element
US3225824A (en) * 1962-09-29 1965-12-28 Wartenburg Kurt Air-cooled heat exchanger for cooling liquid media

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4612982A (en) * 1982-07-21 1986-09-23 Institut Francais Du Petrole Heat exchanger of modular structure
US4665974A (en) * 1983-02-17 1987-05-19 Institut Francais Du Petrole Heat exchanger of modular type and process for manufacture thereof
US6695044B1 (en) * 1999-03-27 2004-02-24 Chart Heat Exchangers Limited Partnership Heat exchanger
US20040154788A1 (en) * 1999-03-27 2004-08-12 Symonds Keith Thomas Heat exchanger
US7111672B2 (en) 1999-03-27 2006-09-26 Chart Industries, Inc. Heat exchanger
US20090320291A1 (en) * 2008-06-30 2009-12-31 O'neill Patrick S Methods of Manufacturing Brazed Aluminum Heat Exchangers
US8347503B2 (en) * 2008-06-30 2013-01-08 Uop Llc Methods of manufacturing brazed aluminum heat exchangers
US20110036552A1 (en) * 2009-08-11 2011-02-17 Ventiva, Inc. Heatsink having one or more ozone catalyzing fins
US20110174468A1 (en) * 2009-08-11 2011-07-21 Ventiva, Inc. Ozone reducing heat sink having contoured fins

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6717196A (enExample) 1968-08-01
IL29057A (en) 1970-08-19
GB1166519A (en) 1969-10-08
DE1985333U (de) 1968-05-16
SE336588B (enExample) 1971-07-12
NO121841B (enExample) 1971-04-19
DE1601228A1 (de) 1969-10-30
FR1558600A (enExample) 1969-02-28

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