US3470357A - Method of producing a printing form and of evaluating data contained therein - Google Patents

Method of producing a printing form and of evaluating data contained therein Download PDF

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Publication number
US3470357A
US3470357A US372824A US3470357DA US3470357A US 3470357 A US3470357 A US 3470357A US 372824 A US372824 A US 372824A US 3470357D A US3470357D A US 3470357DA US 3470357 A US3470357 A US 3470357A
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United States
Prior art keywords
markings
printing
printing form
columns
reading
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US372824A
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English (en)
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Wilhelm Ritzerfeld
Gerhard Ritzfeld
Elvira-Nee-Weiss Ritzerfeld
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K1/00—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion
    • G06K1/14—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion by transferring data from a similar or dissimilar record carrier
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K1/00—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion
    • G06K1/12—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/46—Printing operation controlled by code indicia on printing plate or substate

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a method of recording information on printing form sheet material so as to have its rear face carry a reverse-reading printing form, and markings which can be sensed and read out for data 0 processing.
  • the invention applies particularly to the production of printing forms to be used in the hectographic duplication process.
  • markings are produced on the rear face of the printing form sheet material, these markings being adapted to be read out by photoelectric means.
  • the markings on the rear face of the sheet material may be in certain cases also reproducible and therefore a part of the actual printing form, in other cases they may not be reproducible but nevertheless adapted to be read out by photoelectric means.
  • This concept of the invention is based on the assumption that the specific markings produced on the rear face of the sheet material represent in coded or other way numerical values which may correspond to numerical values otherwise represented in the copy which is typed on the front face of the sheet material.
  • the invention includes in a 3,470,357 Patented Sept. 30, 1969 method of recording copy on printing form sheet material so as to have its front face carry a direct-reading image of such copy and its rear face carry a reverse-reading corresponding printing form, in combination, the steps of: producing by typing on the front face of printing form sheet material the direct-reading image of copy containing specific items of information arranged in at least one column and, Within such column, in a plurality of lines; simultaneously producing on the rear face of said material a corresponding reverse-reading printing form; and producing at least on the rear face of printing form sheet material markings adapted to be read out by photoelectric means and arranged in at least one column and, within such column, in a plurality of lines respectively corresponding to said column and lines of said image on said front face, each of said markings representing by its symbolic composition and by its location in the particular column and line the corresponding item of information located on said front face in the respectively corresponding column and line, so that said markings on said rear face of the printing form sheet material can be
  • it includes in a method of evaluating printable information, the st ps of: producing by typing on the front face of printing form sheet material the direct-reading image of copy containing numerical information arranged in at least one column and, within such column, in a plurality of lines; simultaneously producing on the rear face of said material a corresponding reverse-reading printing form; producing at least on the rear face of printing form sheet material markings adapted to be read out by photoelectric means and arranged in at least one column and, within such column, in a plurality of lines respectively corresponding to said column and lines of said image on said front face, each of said markings representing by its symbolic composition and by its location in the particular column and line the respective value of the particular numerical information located on said front face in the respectively corresponding column and line; placing said printing form sheet material in printing position on a rotary type printing machine with said rear face and printing form facing outwardly and with said markings exposed to the outside; during a printing operation carried out with said printing form, reading out said markings by applying photoelectric pickup means there
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a piece of printing form sheet material containing typed numerical information in a plurality of columns and, within these columns, arranged in a plurality of lines, and containing also corresponding columns of markings, arranged within these columns in lines, corresponding to the numerical information which is direct reading on the front side of this sheet;
  • FIG. 2 is a similar piece of printing form sheet material containing the same columns and lines of numerical information and of corresponding markings except that in this case the markings in each column thereof are arranged in two vertical columnar rows wherever the numerical value to be represented exceeds a certain minimum value;
  • FIG. 3 is a similar illustration of a piece of printing form sheet material containing again numerical information in columns and lines and corresponding markings in corresponding columns and lines, except that in this case the individual markings represent the corresponding numerical values in accordance with a code system;
  • FIG. 3a is an illustration of the code used for the markings in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 4 is an illustration similar to FIG. 3 except that in this case the right hand marginal portion of the sheet is folded back upon the front face thereof along the line X in FIG. 3 and the markings on the now available rear face of the sheet are produced directly by typing in the same manner as the direct-reading numerical information to the left;
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a practical example of a printing form prepared in accordance with the invention and showing on the front face thereof in addition to the regular copy containing numerical information in columns and lines also the respectively corresponding markings typed on the front face and appearing on the rear face as reproducible printing form elements in the same manner as all the other printing form elements appearing on the rear face in accordance with the ordinary copy typed on the front face;
  • FIG. 6 illustrates in a diagrammatic way a printing arrangement with a printing form prepared according to the invention in printing position together with arrangements for reading out the markings by photoelectric means.
  • the invention deals with a problem that never has been solved before or taken into consideration so that the solution of this problem in itself constitutes novelty.
  • these specific markings adapted to be read out by photoelectric means are arranged in columns and lines respectively corresponding to the numerical values represented by direct-reading and reverse-reading typed portions of the general copy, and the individual markings may be produced by typing with the aid of auxiliary type faces temporarily attached by clamping or clipping to selected ones of the ordinary and not needed types of a typewriter.
  • the individual markings are composed of a variable number of marking elements representing by their number directly or in accordance with a code system the numerical values which the are to represent. In reading out these markings the photoelectric means would count the number of markings or evaluate their number and relative positions in accordance with the selected code system.
  • the number of marking elements which represent a particular numerical value may be arranged in one vertical column or they may be arranged in two vertical columnar rows within a particular column if the total number of marking elements has to exceed a certain minimum e.g. the number five.
  • the system may be chosen in such a manner that one half of the counting impulses obtained by reading out the markings by photoelectric means is determined by the location of the markings on the printing form, while the other half of the counting impulses is determined by the number and/ or the location of additional markings.
  • the markings are produced directly by typing as images produced from the typewriter ribbon or from a carbon sheet on a portion of the printing form sheet folded back upon its face, or without such folding back of that portion, by typing on the front face of the sheet and having a hectographic or regular carbon sheet located behind the printing form sheet material so that in either case the markings appear on the rear face of the printing form sheet material which carries the copy in reverse-reading fashion.
  • the markings are produced in such a manner that they constitute a portion of the printing form and are thus reproducible and will appear line by line and column by column on the sheets to be printed in the printing operation so that an evaluation of the numerical values represented by the now printed markings may be carried out in the same manner as provided for reading out the reverse reading side of the printing form.
  • the reproduction or printing apparatus is adapted to carry out the well known selective printing method whereby individual lines from the printing form can be selected for being reproduced during a printing operation
  • the read out photoelectric means are so controlled or controllable that also the reading out operation is carried out only for those lines which are selected for being printed.
  • the printing operation following the production of the printing forms according to the invention is preferably carried out with the aid of rotary duplicator machines which are adapted to reproduce selectively the copy either by selecting lines or sections of the printing form or printing the entire copy from the printing form so that these printed sheets obtained thereby may be used for various purposes in a commercial or industrial organization e.g. for planning operations, for handling orders and counting procedures.
  • the reverse-reading printing form is bound to contain numerical informations e.g. quantities, time indications and the like.
  • the markings appearing in the columns 58 are shown in a form which should be considered only as an example because other symbols might be used to the same effect. The main point is that these markings can be read out by photoelectric means Without additional difficulties.
  • the production of the markings in the column 5-8 is effected no matter whether they are in coded or in other form, preferably by typing these markings as symbols on the front face of the printing form sheet material by means of well known exchangeable auxiliary type faces which can be clamped or clipped onto the ordinary type lever ends.
  • Such auxiliary attachable types faces are known, e.g. in Germany under the trade name Typit and are obtainable by the Dreusicke Company in Berlin, Germany.
  • the numerical information in the printing form is arranged in four columns 1, 2, 3, and 4 and in consecutive crossing line portions.
  • the four-digit value 1376 is shown and in the same line further to the right in corresponding four columns 5, 6, 7, 8, respectively, markings 9 are applied which comprise each a number of marking elements namely horizontal dashes the number of which respectively corresponds to the decimal number in the columns 1, 2, 3 and 4, as can be seen.
  • FIG. 2 differs from the example according to FIG. 1 in one point only.
  • the number of marking elements namely of horizontal dashes corresponds to the numerical value the particular marking is intended to represent. It can be seen that for instance in the case of representing the numerical value 9 nine dashes must be squeezed into the space of one line. This may be inconvenient and may cause difficulties in the reading out operation if the lines are not produced with perfect clarity. Therefore FIG. 2 is intended to show an improved system in which case in each column for instance in columns 7 and 8 the number of horizontal dashes or marking elements in each line of the form is limited to five so that for instance the numerical value 7 is represented by one columnar vertical row containing five marking elements and a second columnar row next to it containing two marking elements.
  • a first vertical columnar row 16 comprising five marking elements is provided and in a second columnar row 11 thereof a single marking element which group of marking elements constitute a total marking representing the decimal number six in the same line and in the corresponding column 4 at the left.
  • example according to FIG. 3 corresponds to the examples of FIGS. 1 and 2 except that the numerical values are represented in columns 5-8 by coded markings 12, the code being shown by FIG. 3a. It can be seen that the numerical value 1376 in columns 1-4 is correctly represented in the same line but in columns 5-8 by coded marking elements in accordance with the code shown by FIG. 3a.
  • the use of such code may not only be advantageous for the purpose of a certain secrecy but also will facilitate and improve the reading out operation because the number of line elements constituting the markings is reduced. Of course the reading out photoelectric arrangement must be so constructed that it is adapted to convert the coded impulse signals into corresponding numerical or digital information.
  • FIG. 4 In order to produce nevertheless markings on the rear face of the printing form sheet in such a manner that these markings can be read out by photoelctric means during the printing operation, a modified form of the method according to the invention may be employed. This is illustrated by FIG. 4.
  • the right-hand marginal portion of the sheet illustrated by FIG. 3 is folded back upon the face thereof along the line X of FIG. 3 so that now in the same manner as the numbers in columns 1-4 are typed on the front face of the sheet the corresponding markings may be typed directly on the now accessible rear face in columns 5', 6', 7, 8 as illustrated.
  • the folded back portion may be turned back into regular position as indicated by the arrows so that now on the rear face the markings will appear as described before except that these markings will not be reproducible.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a practical example of applying the invention to the production of certain printed information.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a shop order form containing typed-in numerical information, particularly the numerical information contained in columns 1, 2, 3 and 4 and the corresponding markings in columns 5, 6, 7, 8. It can be seen that the numerical information contained in three consecutive lines of columns 1-4 corresponds to the numerical information contained in the first three lines of columns 14 in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4. It is easy to understand that the number of columns both in the direct-reading information as in the markings may be increased to more than the four columns described above just as the requirements arise in various applications of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 may be considered as the illustration of a printing form sheet which carries as can be seen on its front face all the copy to be reproduced in the printing operation and also the markings in columns 58, and it would have to be understood that the same copy including the markings appear in reverse-reading form on the rear face thereof as the actual printing form.
  • FIG. 5 would as well serve as an illustration of one printed sheet obtained by using the above mentioned printing form in the printing operation. In this case of course no information would appear on the rear face of this printed sheet but all the information which can be seen in FIG. 5 including the markings would appear on the front face thereof.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates by way of example a printing arrangement adapted to be used in connection with the present invention. Only the essential members of the printing apparatus required for explaining the invention are shown in FIG. 6 and the photoelectric means and accessories thereof are shown only in block form. It should be understood that the composition of the electrical circuit arrangement is not binding because the various components thereof may be arranged and connected in different Ways depending upon the purpose and subsequent use of the information read out by photoelectric means from the markings.
  • the printing form sheet prepared in accordance with the invention described above is mounted in a conventional manner on the circumference of a printing machine drum 22 in such a manner that the rear face 23 of the printing form faces outwardly.
  • a line selector 24 is mounted stationarily but concentric with the shaft of the drum 22.
  • a pick-up amplifier is connected with the photoelectric read out heads 13 in conventional manner and is controlled in its operation by the selector 24.
  • the selector 24 is equipped with a plurality of contact buttons 25 each corresponding to a different line of the copy represented by the printed form 23.
  • Each of the buttons 25 is connected by a different selector switch 27 with the control means of conventional type container in the amplifier 15.
  • a control circuit for these control means may be closed via a line 25' and a selector contact arm 26 connected conductively with line 25, the outer end of the arm 26 contacting consecutively during the rotation of the drum 22 on whose shaft it is mounted the consecutive buttons 25. Consequently, by closing one or the other or several of the selector switches 27 the control circuit for the amplifier will be closed to effect reading out of the markings of a line portion always at the moment When the contact arm 26 contacts a button which corresponds to a line of images of digits of the printing form to be printed provided that the respectively corresponding selector switch 27 has been moved to closed position.
  • impulses corresponding to the particular type of markings will be produced and transmitted in amplified form to the amplifier 15, depending upon its control by the selector switches 27 as described above, to a relay storage device 19 where the impulses representing by their number or spacing numerical values as explained above will be stored in a predetermined reference to the particular columns and lines within these columns.
  • an optical indicator 18 may be caused to give an optical signal which depending upon desires and requirement may represent the numerical value of the read out line or a totalization result.
  • the read out operation is not repeated as soon as the read out value is stored in the storage 20.
  • the read out heads 13 and the corresponding amplifier 15 is switched off in a conventional manner as soon as the first revolution of the drum 22 in the course of a sequence of printing operations without changing of the selection of lines is completed.
  • the read out heads 13 and the amplifier 15 are again switched on but again only for the duration of one revolution of the dum 22, i.e., until again the first revolution or printing operation is completed.
  • the reading out and the evaluation of the numerical values is carried out in the second operation in the same manner as described above.
  • the values of all the printing lines or groups of lines may be evaluated at the end of a completed printing operation depending upon requirements.
  • a method of printing and evaluating data on a printing form comprising, in combination, the steps of producing on one side of a printing form blank, reverse reading printable images disposed in a plurality of first columns and in first line portions crossing said columns; producing on said one side of said printing form blank, spaced from said printable images, markings disposed in a plurality of second columns respectively correlated with said first columns, and in second line portions crossing said second columns, and being respectively correlated with said first line portions; selecting the printable images and markings which are located in pairs of correlated first and second columns and the line portions to represent the same information; placing a selected pair of correlated first and second line portions having printable images and markings representing the same information simultaneously in printing and read-out positions, respectively; printing said printable images of said first line portion in said printing position on a copy sheet to form a legible text line; electronically reading out said markings of said second line portion in said read-out position; and storing the read-out information represented by said sensed markings for data processing the information contained in said legible text line printed on said
  • a method as claimed in claim 1 comprising placing a carbon sheet in contact with said one side of said blank; and typing direct reading images on the other side of said printing form blank so that during typing of said direct reading images, said reverse reading images are produced by said carbon sheet.
  • said reverse reading images are reverse reading images of digits; wherein correlated markings and digits represent to same number; and wherein each marking consists of marked elements whose number is the same as the number of the digit of the correlated image.
  • said re verse reading images are reverse reading images of digits; wherein correlated markings and digits represent the same number; and wherein each marking consists of marking elements, the marking elements of at least some of said markings being disposed in two column rows forming at least one of said second columns, said marking elements of each marking representing the number of the correlated digit image in coded form.
  • a method as claimed in claim 1 comprising folding over a marginal portion of said printing form blank extending in column direction so that said one side of said folded over portion partly covers the other side of said blank; placing a carbon sheet in contact with said one side of said blank; typing direct reading images on the uncovered portion of said other side of said blank so that reverse reading images are produced on said one side of said blank by said carbon sheet; and typing said markings on said folded over portion so that when said portion is unfolded, said markings are located on the same face of said printing form as said reverse reading images.
  • a method as claimed in claim 1 comprising making said markings of a substance adapted to form imprints when in contact with a copy sheet so that a duplicate can be made by imprinting said images and markings on a copy sheet.
  • a method as claimed in claim 1, comprising synchronizing said printing of said first line portion with said reading-out of said second line portion so that the images in said first lin portion are printed simultaneously with the reading out of the markings of the correlated second line portion.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Printers Characterized By Their Purpose (AREA)
  • Character Input (AREA)
US372824A 1963-06-07 1964-06-05 Method of producing a printing form and of evaluating data contained therein Expired - Lifetime US3470357A (en)

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US (1) US3470357A (de)
CH (1) CH439867A (de)
DE (1) DE1696514B1 (de)
FR (1) FR1396880A (de)
GB (1) GB1060757A (de)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3577203A (en) * 1968-04-18 1971-05-04 Xerox Corp Character recording and recognition system
US3639729A (en) * 1969-02-17 1972-02-01 Scm Corp Data reading apparatus
US3656473A (en) * 1969-08-28 1972-04-18 American Science & Eng Inc Medical data processing
US3663803A (en) * 1970-06-22 1972-05-16 Spartanics Pitch matching detecting and counting system
US3760161A (en) * 1971-05-19 1973-09-18 American Cyanamid Co Method and apparatus for automatically retrieving information from a succession of luminescent coded documents with means for segregating documents according to their characteristics
US3871294A (en) * 1968-12-30 1975-03-18 Ricoh Kk Duplicator master feed using decimal code to set copy count
US3988571A (en) * 1974-05-30 1976-10-26 Recognition Equipment Incorporated Document reject reentry
US4024380A (en) * 1971-01-18 1977-05-17 Damon Mott Gunn Self service postal apparatus and method
US4027142A (en) * 1974-03-06 1977-05-31 Recognition Equipment Incorporated Automated processing of financial documents
US4129073A (en) * 1974-12-20 1978-12-12 Gerhard Ritzerfeld Duplicator machine with means for applying to the copies different markings
US4255653A (en) * 1980-01-28 1981-03-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Overlay data entry device for automated data systems
US4917011A (en) * 1988-01-22 1990-04-17 Loewe Druck & Verlag Gmbh Process and device for printing a successive row of numbers of bar code 2/5 interleaved
US5175774A (en) * 1990-10-16 1992-12-29 Micron Technology, Inc. Semiconductor wafer marking for identification during processing
US5270522A (en) * 1990-07-12 1993-12-14 Bone Jr Wilburn I Dynamic barcode label system
US6082620A (en) * 1997-12-24 2000-07-04 Bone, Jr.; Wilburn I. Liquid crystal dynamic barcode display

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4247907A (en) * 1978-11-27 1981-01-27 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for typing characters and optically readable binary representations thereof on same page

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US1795378A (en) * 1929-10-17 1931-03-10 Ritzerfeld Wilhelm Duplicating method
US2085826A (en) * 1934-08-06 1937-07-06 James J O'brien Indicia of investments
US2350893A (en) * 1939-04-24 1944-06-06 Hofgaard Rolf Type for typewriting machines, perforation or printing as well as interpretation system for characters
US2788879A (en) * 1955-10-04 1957-04-16 Sperry Rand Corp Information recording apparatus
US2953087A (en) * 1955-12-17 1960-09-20 Ritzerfeld Wilhelm Apparatus for automatic selective reproduction of printing forms
US3083637A (en) * 1960-07-25 1963-04-02 Ritzerfeld Wilhelm Program controlled selective duplicator
US3238501A (en) * 1962-08-29 1966-03-01 Ncr Co Optical scanning pen and codedcharacter reading system

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DE161527C (de) *
US2111154A (en) * 1934-10-27 1938-03-15 Ibm Printing telegraph system
US2346250A (en) * 1939-12-06 1944-04-11 Ibm Accounting machine
GB785605A (en) * 1954-02-16 1957-10-30 British Tabulating Mach Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to data recording apparatus
GB812855A (en) * 1956-02-28 1959-05-06 Sperry Rand Corp Improvements in type bar and interchangeable type therefor

Patent Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1795378A (en) * 1929-10-17 1931-03-10 Ritzerfeld Wilhelm Duplicating method
US2085826A (en) * 1934-08-06 1937-07-06 James J O'brien Indicia of investments
US2350893A (en) * 1939-04-24 1944-06-06 Hofgaard Rolf Type for typewriting machines, perforation or printing as well as interpretation system for characters
US2788879A (en) * 1955-10-04 1957-04-16 Sperry Rand Corp Information recording apparatus
US2953087A (en) * 1955-12-17 1960-09-20 Ritzerfeld Wilhelm Apparatus for automatic selective reproduction of printing forms
US3083637A (en) * 1960-07-25 1963-04-02 Ritzerfeld Wilhelm Program controlled selective duplicator
US3238501A (en) * 1962-08-29 1966-03-01 Ncr Co Optical scanning pen and codedcharacter reading system

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3577203A (en) * 1968-04-18 1971-05-04 Xerox Corp Character recording and recognition system
US3871294A (en) * 1968-12-30 1975-03-18 Ricoh Kk Duplicator master feed using decimal code to set copy count
US3639729A (en) * 1969-02-17 1972-02-01 Scm Corp Data reading apparatus
US3656473A (en) * 1969-08-28 1972-04-18 American Science & Eng Inc Medical data processing
US3663803A (en) * 1970-06-22 1972-05-16 Spartanics Pitch matching detecting and counting system
US4024380A (en) * 1971-01-18 1977-05-17 Damon Mott Gunn Self service postal apparatus and method
US3760161A (en) * 1971-05-19 1973-09-18 American Cyanamid Co Method and apparatus for automatically retrieving information from a succession of luminescent coded documents with means for segregating documents according to their characteristics
US4027142A (en) * 1974-03-06 1977-05-31 Recognition Equipment Incorporated Automated processing of financial documents
US3988571A (en) * 1974-05-30 1976-10-26 Recognition Equipment Incorporated Document reject reentry
US4129073A (en) * 1974-12-20 1978-12-12 Gerhard Ritzerfeld Duplicator machine with means for applying to the copies different markings
US4255653A (en) * 1980-01-28 1981-03-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Overlay data entry device for automated data systems
US4917011A (en) * 1988-01-22 1990-04-17 Loewe Druck & Verlag Gmbh Process and device for printing a successive row of numbers of bar code 2/5 interleaved
US5270522A (en) * 1990-07-12 1993-12-14 Bone Jr Wilburn I Dynamic barcode label system
US5175774A (en) * 1990-10-16 1992-12-29 Micron Technology, Inc. Semiconductor wafer marking for identification during processing
US6082620A (en) * 1997-12-24 2000-07-04 Bone, Jr.; Wilburn I. Liquid crystal dynamic barcode display

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GB1060757A (en) 1967-03-08
FR1396880A (fr) 1965-04-23
DE1696514B1 (de) 1971-10-14
CH439867A (de) 1967-07-15

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