US3468120A - Method of producing alternate twist yarn - Google Patents

Method of producing alternate twist yarn Download PDF

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Publication number
US3468120A
US3468120A US748847A US3468120DA US3468120A US 3468120 A US3468120 A US 3468120A US 748847 A US748847 A US 748847A US 3468120D A US3468120D A US 3468120DA US 3468120 A US3468120 A US 3468120A
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Prior art keywords
twist
strands
twisting
node
point
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US748847A
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English (en)
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Cleveland L Hildebrand
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/26—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre with characteristics dependent on the amount or direction of twist
    • D02G3/28—Doubled, plied, or cabled threads
    • D02G3/286—Doubled, plied, or cabled threads with alternatively "S" and "Z" direction of twist, e.g. Self-twist process

Definitions

  • the strands are converged at a snub point which stops the twist being inserted into the strand or strands.
  • the twisting device does not apply torque to the strand or strands downstream of the convergence point.
  • the strands are converged in the nip of a pair of gears; in the British patent, they are converged on snubbing rolls. Consequently, the twisted strands are freed to begin untwisting as soon as they pass the convergence point, and the ply action thus begins to occur essentially continuously as the strands pass this point.
  • the plying zone is positively separated or isolated from the twisting zone by the convergence point.
  • plying occurs intermittently in the zone between the convergence point and the snub point while a node, produced at the twisting point upon reversal of the direction of twist, moves through the plying zone and is free to rotate.
  • a node produced at the twisting point upon reversal of the direction of twist
  • plying does not occur because the torque produced by the false twisting prevents the twisted strand or strands from untwisting and because there is no node in the plying zone which can rotate.
  • plying does occur, it occurs simultaneously on either side of a node as the node rotates with the untwisting of the strand.
  • false twist is applied to all the strands in phase, that is with nodes and like twist zones in register, and the strands are converged in phase, whereby the nodes in the plied yarn correspond to the nodes in the strands.
  • the direction of twisting is reversed at equal intervals whereby the node intervals (i.e. distances between nodes) are constant.
  • Improvements in yarn quality which are obtainable with practice of this invention include longer node intervals, shorter nodes, and higher level of twist adjacent nodes.
  • the twisted strands are constrained in the plying zone (i.e. the zone between the convergence point and the snub point) sufiiciently to slow down, but not prevent, untwisting. This permits production of a yarn with a very uniform ply twist profile.
  • FIGS. 1 through 6 are schematic diagrams of the system used to practice the improvement of this invention, showing various phases of the operation through one complete cycle;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the system used to produce alternate-twist plied yarn structures as taught in the prior art, in particular FIG. 9 of US. 3,225,533;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a preferred equipment arrangement for practicing the invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of a portion of a plied yarn structure obtainable by the invention.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 are plots showing two types of ply twist profile obtainable by the invention.
  • the system used in practicing this invention comprises upstream nip rolls (or other snubbing means) 12, false twisting means 14, converging guide 20, and driven nip rolls (or other snubbing and take-up means) 22.
  • parallel, separated, running strands 10 are passed through twisting means 14 where they are individually false twisted alternately in opposite directions.
  • the yarns are converged by passing them through guide 20.
  • guide 20 and nip rolls 22 the yarns ply, with the plying action occurring intermittently, to form stable alternate-twist plied yarn 18. Twisted sections of plied yarn 18 are represented by xs in the figures, and nodes are represented by ellipses.
  • FIGS. 1-6 have the following meanings: ZS, SS and indicate, respectively, Z twist in strands 10, S twist is strands 10, and zero twist in strands ZP and SP indicate, respectively, Z twist in the plied yarn 18 and S twist in the plied yarn 18; N1, N2 and N3 indicate three consecutive nodes.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the condition of the system just at the end of an interval in which counterclockwise (as viewed in the direction of strand travel) twist has been applied to the strands 10, thus producing S twist in the strands 10 upstream of twisting means 14 and Z twist downstream.
  • the S twist in strands 10 backs up to nip rolls 12, and the Z twist in strands 10 travels downstream to the point 24 where the strands are plied.
  • Guide 20 converges but does not snub the strands 10, i.e. it does not stop or block the twist introduced by twisting means 14.
  • Converged strands 10 between guide 20 and point 24 do not ply in this base of the operation because the action of twisting means 14 prevents them from untwisting, and also because there is no node in the plying zone between convergence point 20 and nip rolls 22 which can rotate. Rolls 22 provide the first snubbing point after the strands leave twister means 14. Downstream of point 24 is a section of previously produced plied yarn 18 having a node N1 with S ply upstream of the node and Z ply downstream. Twist in the strands 10 downstream of point 24 is zero at the node N1 and is opposite to the direction of ply twist in the ply-twisted portions of yarn 18.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the condition of the system a short time later, after the twisting action has been stopped momentarily, then reversed to twist the strands 10 in the opposite (clockwise) direction.
  • Momentary removal of the twisting torque at the time of reversal of twist direction is preferred, but not necessary.
  • the nodes produced in strands 10 pass through twisting means 14 and begin to travel downstream.
  • the strands downstream of twisting means 14 begin to rotate at the nodes, since they are now free to untwist. As a result the strands 10 begin to ply in the area between guide 20 and point 24.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the condition of the system a short time later at the middle of an interval in which the strands are being twisted clockwise.
  • Node N2 has traveled downstream, and plying on either side of that node has been completed downstream to point 24 and upstream to point 24.
  • FIGS. 4, 5 and '6, illustrate the other half of the cycle and correspond respectively, to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.
  • FIG. 4 shows the system just at the end of an interval of clockwise twisting
  • FIG. 5 shows the system early in an interval of counterclockwise twisting, when plying has just begun
  • FIG. 6 shows the system in the middle of an interval of counterclockwise twisting, when plying action has been completed.
  • N3 represents the new node formed upon reversal of twisting from clockwise to counterclockwise
  • FIG. 6 24" identifies the new point where plying upstream of node N3 stops until the direction of twisting is again reversed.
  • the distance from the point within twisting means 14 where twist is applied to the first downstream snubbing point should be less than one times the distance between nodes. This is to assure that, when direction of twist is reversed, the node produced by the previous reversal will have passed beyond the downstream snubbing point. Also, the distance from the convergence point (e.g., guide 20) to the first downstream snubbing point must be greater than A: times the distance between nodes, in order to assure that the end (24, 24' or 24" in FIGS. 1-6) of the previous ply section is still in the plying zone at the time plying begins. Otherwise, the plying action will be stopped before it reaches the end of the previous ply. Due to a self-curing action, any non-plied section will tend to equilibrate beyond rolls 22, but the section so cured will have a lower twist level.
  • a batch can be considered as the plied yarn produced as a result of one complete interval of twisting in a given direction. It includes one ply node, one section of S ply and one section of Z ply.
  • FIG. 9 shows three batches, A, B, and C, which can be related to FIGS. 1-6. Batch A had already been produced in FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 show production of batch B
  • FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 show production of batch C.
  • the plied yarn is made up of alternating zones of opposite twist. In the method of this invention, half of a given zone is produced in one batch, the other half in the preceding or succeeding batch.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the system and the method of operation employed in the prior art.
  • Nip rolls 16 act not only to converge the strands but also to block the twist inserted in the strands by false twisting means 14.
  • the strands 10, having been twisted in one direction by twisting means 14 are free to begin untwisting by rotation in the opposite direction as soon as they pass snubbing and converging means 16.
  • the strands are plied continuously (except of course where nodes in strands 10 correspond or where twists in adjacent strands 10 are opposite in direction and substantially the same in magnitude) as they leave rolls 16.
  • the twist profile of the plied yarn is determined by the twist levels in the individual strands as they pass snubbing point 16.
  • ply twist profile depends upon factors other than twist level in the individual strands, and can be controlled, for example by constraining the strands in the plying zone sufliciently to slow down their rate of untwisting.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates the type of twist profile which can be obtained if the strands are not constrained in the plying zone. As the curve indicates, the twist level rises rapidly to a maximum on one side of a node but rises gradually on the other side. The reason for this will be apparent from FIGS.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates the type of twist profile which can be obtained by constraining the strands, and thereby slowing the plying action. Slowing the plying action provides time for the node (N2 or N3 in FIG. 2 or 5) to move downstream before a large number of ply turns have been inserted.
  • FIG. 8 shows a preferred apparatus arrangement for obtaining a 3-ply carpet yarn having a twist profile similar to that illustrated in FIG. 11.
  • Individual strands 10 which may be, e.g., continuous multifilament synthetic yarns, are fed through tensioning devices (not shown) which assure a uniform tension on the strands, around rolls 12, and through tubes 30. Tubes 30 prevent the strands from contacting and plying upstream of twisting means 14.
  • the yarns then pass through twister 14 where the yarns are twisted separately, alternately in opposite directions, and in phase.
  • Each twisting means 14 is a pair of air jets positioned next to each other; one jet twists the yarn in clockwise direction, the other twists the yarn in counterclockwise direction.
  • a short distance downstream of twister 14 is confining tube 32 which serves to converge the strands and to constrain them sufliciently to slow the plying action.
  • the plying action takes place within the tube 32 just as described for FIGS. 1-6. Downstream of the tube the plied yarn passes over snubbing roll 22, then around guide roll 26, thence to take-up rolls 28, and finally to wind-up. Arrows in FIG. 8 indicate direction of yarn travel.
  • strands 10 are multifilament crimped polyhexamethyleneadipamide yarn of 1300 denier each. Tension on the strands is 0.06 g.p.d., maintained by tension devices (not shown) upstream from snubbing rolls 12. Yarn speed is 350 yards per minute. Tubes 30 are 9 inches long and inch in diameter. Tube 32 is 24 inches long and in diameter. Distance from rolls 12 to twister 14 is 35 inches, distance from twister 14 to lower end of tube 32 is 3 inches, and distance from lower end of tube 32 to snub roll 22 is 32 inches. Air pressure to the torque jets 14 is 61 p.s.i.g. and the direction of twist is reversed 4 times per second.
  • the resulting plied yarn has a node interval of 52.5 inches, an average node length of 1.8 inches, an average twist of 1.7 t.p.i., an average maximum twist of 2.3 t.p.i., and a uniformity index of 1.3.
  • Shape of the twist profile curve is similar to the curve of FIG. 11.
  • Node interval is the distance between two nodes in the plied yarn; maximum twist is the maximum twist level, in turns per inch (t.p.i.), encountered in an S or Z section, and average maximum twist is the average of the maximum twist levels in a representative number of S and Z sections; and uniformity index is the ratio of average maximum twist to average twist, where average twist is the absolute numerical average of twist per unit length, taken over a representative length of yarn (several node intervals), regardless of twist direction.
  • a plied carpet yarn having a uniformity index between about 1.1 and 1.6 will provide a relatively uniform carpet, in the sense that there will not be areas of obviously much higher ply twist than others. Such yarns are generally preferred for carpets.
  • yarns having a uniformity index of about 2.5 or even higher and a twist profile similar to that illustrated in FIG. 10 are useful.
  • An advantage of this invention is that it enables production of good quality alternate twist plied yarns with long node intervals, e.g. in excess of 30 inches.
  • Method of claim 2 comprising the further improve ment of constraining the strands in the plying zone sufficiently to slow down, but not prevent, untwisting and plying of the strands, whereby a plied yarn having a uniformity index in the range 1.1 to 1.6 is produced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US748847A 1968-07-30 1968-07-30 Method of producing alternate twist yarn Expired - Lifetime US3468120A (en)

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US (1) US3468120A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4830008B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE736710A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH503131A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1938549A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES369967A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2013993A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1233677A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6911406A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3744232A (en) * 1971-04-05 1973-07-10 Bigelow Sanford Inc Composite false-twist yarn
US3775955A (en) * 1971-07-30 1973-12-04 Bigelow Sanford Inc Composite false-twist yarns, methods and apparatus
US3816988A (en) * 1971-02-03 1974-06-18 Bayer Ag Process and an apparatus for the production of synthetic, crimped, highly elastic endless yarn
US3939632A (en) * 1973-05-14 1976-02-24 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Process for the production of effect yarns
US3999361A (en) * 1974-04-19 1976-12-28 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organization Method of and apparatus for forming a multi-ply yarn
US4055040A (en) * 1976-04-13 1977-10-25 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Alternately twisted yarn assembly and method for making
US4068459A (en) * 1975-07-22 1978-01-17 Pavel Mikhailovich Movshovich Method of twist-plying a fibrous product
US4096006A (en) * 1976-09-22 1978-06-20 Spectra-Strip Corporation Method and apparatus for making twisted pair multi-conductor ribbon cable with intermittent straight sections
US4162607A (en) * 1977-07-01 1979-07-31 Akzona Incorporated Entangled yarns
US4173861A (en) * 1977-11-11 1979-11-13 Wwg Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling twist in yarn
US4214018A (en) * 1978-08-14 1980-07-22 Rca Corporation Method for making adherent pinhole free aluminum films on pyroelectric and/or piezoelectric substrates
US4276740A (en) * 1977-10-25 1981-07-07 Wwg Industries, Inc. Self-twisted yarn and method and apparatus for producing it
US4279120A (en) * 1978-06-08 1981-07-21 Wwg Industries, Inc. Self twist yarn and method and apparatus for making such yarns
US4364225A (en) * 1979-09-20 1982-12-21 Asa S.A. Machine for producing self-twisting yarns
US4413469A (en) * 1981-03-23 1983-11-08 Allied Corporation Method of making low crosstalk ribbon cable
US4873821A (en) * 1988-04-15 1989-10-17 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus and process for forming alternate twist plied yarn
US4977739A (en) * 1989-06-26 1990-12-18 Du Pont Canada Inc. Method and apparatus for making composite yarn
US5003763A (en) * 1988-04-15 1991-04-02 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus and process for forming alternate twist plied yarn and product therefrom
US5012636A (en) * 1988-04-15 1991-05-07 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus and process for forming alternate twist plied yarn and product therefrom
US5179827A (en) * 1988-04-15 1993-01-19 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Alternate twist plied yarn
US5557915A (en) * 1994-11-14 1996-09-24 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method and apparatus for making alternate twist plied yarn and product
US5577376A (en) * 1994-03-16 1996-11-26 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process and apparatus for making uniform alternate ply-twisted yarn and product
CN103189555A (zh) * 2010-11-03 2013-07-03 吉尔伯斯股份有限公司 加工交替s/z加捻合股编织物或连接的交替s/z加捻合股纱的方法和设备
EP3280835A4 (en) * 2015-04-08 2018-08-15 Shaw Industries Group, Inc. Yarn texturizing apparatus and method
CN113430688A (zh) * 2021-08-03 2021-09-24 黄石宏和电子材料科技有限公司 一种防止捻线反转的装置及方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2990671A (en) * 1958-08-01 1961-07-04 Du Pont Multiple vortex pneumatic twister and method of producing alternate twist yarn
US3025656A (en) * 1957-07-17 1962-03-20 Cook Foundation Inc Method and apparatus for making communication cable
US3052079A (en) * 1958-11-10 1962-09-04 Western Electric Co Apparatus for twisting strands
US3225533A (en) * 1961-10-19 1965-12-28 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Apparatus and process for forming yarns and other twisted assemblies

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3025656A (en) * 1957-07-17 1962-03-20 Cook Foundation Inc Method and apparatus for making communication cable
US2990671A (en) * 1958-08-01 1961-07-04 Du Pont Multiple vortex pneumatic twister and method of producing alternate twist yarn
US3116588A (en) * 1958-08-01 1964-01-07 Du Pont Process for preparing stable alternating twist yarn
US3052079A (en) * 1958-11-10 1962-09-04 Western Electric Co Apparatus for twisting strands
US3225533A (en) * 1961-10-19 1965-12-28 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Apparatus and process for forming yarns and other twisted assemblies

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3816988A (en) * 1971-02-03 1974-06-18 Bayer Ag Process and an apparatus for the production of synthetic, crimped, highly elastic endless yarn
US3744232A (en) * 1971-04-05 1973-07-10 Bigelow Sanford Inc Composite false-twist yarn
US3775955A (en) * 1971-07-30 1973-12-04 Bigelow Sanford Inc Composite false-twist yarns, methods and apparatus
US3939632A (en) * 1973-05-14 1976-02-24 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Process for the production of effect yarns
US3999361A (en) * 1974-04-19 1976-12-28 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organization Method of and apparatus for forming a multi-ply yarn
US4068459A (en) * 1975-07-22 1978-01-17 Pavel Mikhailovich Movshovich Method of twist-plying a fibrous product
US4055040A (en) * 1976-04-13 1977-10-25 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Alternately twisted yarn assembly and method for making
US4096006A (en) * 1976-09-22 1978-06-20 Spectra-Strip Corporation Method and apparatus for making twisted pair multi-conductor ribbon cable with intermittent straight sections
US4202722A (en) * 1976-09-22 1980-05-13 Spectra-Strip Apparatus for making twisted pair multi-conductor ribbon cable with intermittent straight sections
US4162607A (en) * 1977-07-01 1979-07-31 Akzona Incorporated Entangled yarns
US4276740A (en) * 1977-10-25 1981-07-07 Wwg Industries, Inc. Self-twisted yarn and method and apparatus for producing it
US4173861A (en) * 1977-11-11 1979-11-13 Wwg Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling twist in yarn
US4279120A (en) * 1978-06-08 1981-07-21 Wwg Industries, Inc. Self twist yarn and method and apparatus for making such yarns
US4214018A (en) * 1978-08-14 1980-07-22 Rca Corporation Method for making adherent pinhole free aluminum films on pyroelectric and/or piezoelectric substrates
US4364225A (en) * 1979-09-20 1982-12-21 Asa S.A. Machine for producing self-twisting yarns
US4413469A (en) * 1981-03-23 1983-11-08 Allied Corporation Method of making low crosstalk ribbon cable
US4873821A (en) * 1988-04-15 1989-10-17 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus and process for forming alternate twist plied yarn
US5003763A (en) * 1988-04-15 1991-04-02 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus and process for forming alternate twist plied yarn and product therefrom
US5012636A (en) * 1988-04-15 1991-05-07 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus and process for forming alternate twist plied yarn and product therefrom
US5179827A (en) * 1988-04-15 1993-01-19 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Alternate twist plied yarn
US4977739A (en) * 1989-06-26 1990-12-18 Du Pont Canada Inc. Method and apparatus for making composite yarn
US5829241A (en) * 1994-03-16 1998-11-03 E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Uniform alternate ply-twisted yarn
US5577376A (en) * 1994-03-16 1996-11-26 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process and apparatus for making uniform alternate ply-twisted yarn and product
US5644909A (en) * 1994-11-14 1997-07-08 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method and apparatus for making alternate twist plied yarn and product
US5557915A (en) * 1994-11-14 1996-09-24 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method and apparatus for making alternate twist plied yarn and product
CN103189555A (zh) * 2010-11-03 2013-07-03 吉尔伯斯股份有限公司 加工交替s/z加捻合股编织物或连接的交替s/z加捻合股纱的方法和设备
EP3280835A4 (en) * 2015-04-08 2018-08-15 Shaw Industries Group, Inc. Yarn texturizing apparatus and method
US10494743B2 (en) 2015-04-08 2019-12-03 Columbia Insurance Company Yarn texturizing apparatus and method
CN113430688A (zh) * 2021-08-03 2021-09-24 黄石宏和电子材料科技有限公司 一种防止捻线反转的装置及方法
CN113430688B (zh) * 2021-08-03 2022-06-10 黄石宏和电子材料科技有限公司 一种防止捻线反转的装置及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1233677A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-05-26
ES369967A1 (es) 1971-07-16
DE1938549A1 (de) 1970-04-23
JPS4830008B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-09-17
CH503131A (de) 1971-02-15
NL6911406A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-02-03
FR2013993A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-04-10
BE736710A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-12-31

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