US3465154A - High-voltage apparatus having an insulation of foamed material - Google Patents

High-voltage apparatus having an insulation of foamed material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3465154A
US3465154A US626911A US3465154DA US3465154A US 3465154 A US3465154 A US 3465154A US 626911 A US626911 A US 626911A US 3465154D A US3465154D A US 3465154DA US 3465154 A US3465154 A US 3465154A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
foamed material
voltage
housing
insulation
foamed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US626911A
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English (en)
Inventor
Werner Berends
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Philips Corp
Original Assignee
US Philips Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3465154A publication Critical patent/US3465154A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/02—Constructional details
    • H05G1/04—Mounting the X-ray tube within a closed housing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrically screened highvoltage apparatus, in particular an X-ray apparatus.
  • this solution suffers from the drawback that the X-rays are considerably attenuated by the insulating material.
  • the tube In order to avoid such an attenuation of the radiation intensity the tube must, at the place at which the radiation window is situated, comprises a neck or the like throough which the radiation can directly emerge without having to pass the insulating material.
  • the above drawbacks are avoided in that the parts which are at high voltage are embedded wholly or partly in a foamed material.
  • foamed materials are to considered, for example, phenol resin foam, polystyrol foam or polyurethane foam.
  • Preformed bodies from foamed material may be used and the free space between the structural elements and housing may be filled with a liquid or gaseous insulating material. This possibility will be used in particular when the housing is already constructed for liquid or gaseous insulating materials.
  • the penetration of the gas or the liquid into the foamed material maybe prevented by using a closed-celled material or by providing a layer of lacquer on the foamed material which prevents the penetration of the gas or the liquid. It is preferable to metallize the surface of the body of foamed material Which engages the housing to prevent the occurrence of electric charges and in addition it is useful to undulate the non-metallized surface in order to lengthen the surface-leakage bath.
  • the whole free space between the structural elements and the housing may be filled with a foamed material.
  • the freedom of movement of the structural elements relative to the housing then restricted to such an extent that insulators from casting resin or the like which are otherwise necessary for supporting the structural elements, in particular the elements conducting the highvoltage, become superfluous.
  • the insulators may be replaced by a foamed material of a suitable density and also the sockets for receiving the high-voltage plugs or the like may be constructed from the material.
  • the whole housing also may be embedded in a resilient foamed material so that instead of the comparatively thick-Walled housing only a thin-walled electric screening is necessary which, in X-ray apparatus, preferably consists of lead for safeguarding against the radiation and which is provided in the resilient foamed material of the envelope.
  • FIGURE 1 shows an X-ray tube 1 comprising an anode 2 and a cathode 3; the axis of the electron beam is denoted by 9.
  • the tube 1 is arranged in a housing 5 which is provided with a radiation emerging window 10 and which is closed at the ends by flanges '6 which are secured to the housing by means of screws 7.
  • An insulating gas, for example, the sulphurhexafluoride may be supplied or conducted away through the filling apertures 8.
  • the tube 1 is embedded in a preformed body 11 of foamed material and may also be glued to said body by means of a layer 16 of epoxy resin provided on the glass wall. Further details which are not essential for the invention are not shown to avoid complexity of the drawing.
  • foamed materials may be used, for example, polystyrol foam, phenol resin foam or polyurethane foam since these foams have the advantage, in addition to other favourable properties, that the hardness, cellular construction, resilience, density, and so on can be varied within wide limits by the choice of each time two components.
  • Polyurethane foams have proved of particular advantage. 7
  • the foamed material is a closed-celled material or, it also open-celled material should be present, that the surface is covered with a sealing layer, for example an epoxy resin lacquer.
  • a sealing layer for example an epoxy resin lacquer.
  • the gas is prevented from penetrating into the irradiated space, so that no corrosion phenomena as a result of gas decomposition can occur.
  • the insulation with foamed material has the advantage that the tube is mechanically damped and supported in a nearly ideal manner by the surrounding body of foamed material.
  • the non-metallized surface may be undulated in known manner.
  • the device shown in FIGURE 1 comprising preformed bodies of foamed material is particularly suitable if housings for insulation with oil or pressurized gas are already present.
  • the embodiment shown in FIGURE 2 has a series of further advantages; since the foamed material prevents the penetration of air into the space between the housing and the electrodes, it is not necessary to seal the housing. Furthermore the tube is fully protected against mechanical. shocks by the foamed material so that additional means which support the X-ray tube in a resilient manner need not be used.
  • foamed material has the advantage that the relative dielectric constant is approximately 1 so that in the glass of the wall of the tube a smaller electric field strength occurs than, for example, in the case of an insulation by oil. The danger of breakdown of the glass which is sometimes observed in the case of insulation by oil, is consequently avoided.
  • the foamed material serves as a heat insulator which has the favourable effect that the glass bulb assumes a comparatively high temperature and consequently the electric resistance of the glass remains comparatively low and the formation of local charges is avoided.
  • a metal housing may entirely be omitted as is shown in FIGURE 3. This is possible since the function of the housing as a support of the structural elements conveying the high voltage is taken over by the layers 13 and 14 of foamed material. In this case it is recommendable to make the layer 14 resilient while, as regards the layer 13, it is of particular importance that this layer consists of a material having a closed-celled structure to prevent the penetration of air.
  • an earthed lead plate 15 is provided which is arranged between the layers 13 and 14 of foamed material.
  • the invention may be used everywhere where high-voltage conveying parts are arranged in a housing and an insulation with foamed material may be used to advantage because with such a material the problems, for example, the sealing and the mechanical damping, are avoided.
  • a high-voltage apparatus comprising an electrical screening member, said apparatus having parts which are at a high potential relative to the screening member, said parts being embedded at least in part in and separated from said screening member by a foamed insulating material the surface of which is sealed to prevent the penetration of gases and liquids thereinto.
  • a high-voltage apparatus as claimed in claim '5 the surfaces of the bodies of foamed material which engage the screening member are metallized.

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  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
US626911A 1966-03-23 1967-03-09 High-voltage apparatus having an insulation of foamed material Expired - Lifetime US3465154A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEM68869A DE1288697B (de) 1966-03-23 1966-03-23 Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Roentgenstrahlen mit einer in einen poroesen Stoff eingebetteten Roentgenroehre

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3465154A true US3465154A (en) 1969-09-02

Family

ID=7312807

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US626911A Expired - Lifetime US3465154A (en) 1966-03-23 1967-03-09 High-voltage apparatus having an insulation of foamed material

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3465154A (cs)
AT (1) AT277401B (cs)
BE (1) BE696027A (cs)
DE (1) DE1288697B (cs)
DK (1) DK122096B (cs)
FR (1) FR1515548A (cs)
GB (1) GB1173385A (cs)
NL (1) NL6704146A (cs)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5159618A (en) * 1991-05-22 1992-10-27 General Electric Company X-ray tube enclosure with resistive coating
EP2179436B1 (en) * 2007-07-05 2014-01-01 Newton Scientific, Inc. Compact high voltage x-ray source system and method for x-ray inspection applications
EP2515620A3 (en) * 2003-02-20 2014-03-19 X-Ray Optical Systems, Inc. Integrated X-ray source module
CN116066606A (zh) * 2021-11-04 2023-05-05 细美事有限公司 防冻阀装置及包括阀装置的半导体制造装置及其设置方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2036447A5 (cs) * 1969-03-14 1970-12-24 Noyon Gustave

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA586376A (en) * 1959-11-03 N.V. Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken Protecting envelope for x-ray tubes
US2915611A (en) * 1958-01-27 1959-12-01 Hi Voltage Equipment Company Tandem vacuum switches
GB853941A (en) * 1957-01-10 1960-11-16 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd A method for the encapsulation of electrical components
US3013156A (en) * 1958-01-22 1961-12-12 Dresser Ind Apparatus for supporting geiger counters
US3288916A (en) * 1964-07-28 1966-11-29 Columbian Rope Co Multiple conductor cable with tubular foam filler insulation

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2857558A (en) * 1955-08-29 1958-10-21 Paul E Fiske Electronics package
DE1822552U (de) * 1958-07-15 1960-12-01 Licentia Gmbh In giessharz eingebetteter elektrischer leiter.
DE1205599B (de) * 1960-08-05 1965-11-25 Siemens Ag Mit abgedeckten Bauelementen bestueckte Schalt-platte
DE1190589B (de) * 1962-12-08 1965-04-08 Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag Roentgeneintankapparat
DE1198928B (de) * 1964-05-04 1965-08-19 Patra Patent Treuhand Starter zum Zuenden von elektrischen Entladungslampen
DE1251877B (de) * 1965-12-15 1967-10-12 CHF Muller GmbH, Hamburg Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Röntgen strahlen

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA586376A (en) * 1959-11-03 N.V. Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken Protecting envelope for x-ray tubes
GB853941A (en) * 1957-01-10 1960-11-16 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd A method for the encapsulation of electrical components
US3013156A (en) * 1958-01-22 1961-12-12 Dresser Ind Apparatus for supporting geiger counters
US2915611A (en) * 1958-01-27 1959-12-01 Hi Voltage Equipment Company Tandem vacuum switches
US3288916A (en) * 1964-07-28 1966-11-29 Columbian Rope Co Multiple conductor cable with tubular foam filler insulation

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5159618A (en) * 1991-05-22 1992-10-27 General Electric Company X-ray tube enclosure with resistive coating
EP2515620A3 (en) * 2003-02-20 2014-03-19 X-Ray Optical Systems, Inc. Integrated X-ray source module
EP2179436B1 (en) * 2007-07-05 2014-01-01 Newton Scientific, Inc. Compact high voltage x-ray source system and method for x-ray inspection applications
CN116066606A (zh) * 2021-11-04 2023-05-05 细美事有限公司 防冻阀装置及包括阀装置的半导体制造装置及其设置方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6704146A (cs) 1967-09-25
AT277401B (de) 1969-12-29
GB1173385A (en) 1969-12-10
BE696027A (cs) 1967-09-25
DE1288697B (de) 1969-02-06
FR1515548A (fr) 1968-03-01
DK122096B (da) 1972-01-17

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