US3464816A - Aluminum master alloys - Google Patents
Aluminum master alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3464816A US3464816A US529941A US3464816DA US3464816A US 3464816 A US3464816 A US 3464816A US 529941 A US529941 A US 529941A US 3464816D A US3464816D A US 3464816DA US 3464816 A US3464816 A US 3464816A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- boride
- flux
- mixture
- grams
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 38
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 38
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 17
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 17
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910007948 ZrB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UHPOHYZTPBGPKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(boranylidyne)chromium Chemical compound B#[Cr]#B UHPOHYZTPBGPKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VWZIXVXBCBBRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;zirconium Chemical compound B#[Zr]#B VWZIXVXBCBBRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001506 inorganic fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 sodium aluminum fluoride Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- VVXLFFIFNVKFBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenylbutane-1,3-dione Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 VVXLFFIFNVKFBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NRUQNUIWEUZVLI-UHFFFAOYSA-O diethanolammonium nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.OCC[NH2+]CCO NRUQNUIWEUZVLI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
Definitions
- Aluminum master alloys containing finely divided transition metal boride dispersed throughout the aluminum, are prepared by forming a molten mixture of aluminum, a transition metal boride and a flux and cooling the molten mixture.
- the flux is an inorganic fluoride which assists in the wetting of the boride with the aluminum.
- This invention relates to aluminum alloys containing a finely divided metal boride, and tothe preparation of said alloys useful in the production of fine grain aluminum.
- a metallic boride having a hexagonal structure such as the transition metal borides
- these borides should be used in the form of fine powders as their effectiveness depends upon the number of particles present; and moreover, large particles are abrasive and lead to inhomogeneity.
- finely divided borides such as of particle size less than about microns
- a suitable flux which causes the boride to be thoroughly wetted by the aluminum.
- the use of the flux also serves to prevent the oxidation of the finely divided particles of boride.
- the present invention comprises in one aspect a process for the preparation of a master aluminum alloy which comprises forming a molten mixture of aluminum, a finely divided metal boride, and a flux, said flux comprising a fluoride which assists in the wetting of the boride with the aluminum.
- Metal borides which can be used are the transition metal borides, such as titanium diboride, chromium diboride, zirconium diboride and vanadium diboride, and preferably those capable of existing in a hexagonal form.
- the fluxes which have been found to be particularly effective are complex halides, especially the inorganic fluorides such as K ZrF K TiF Na A-lF potassium fluoride, and mixtures of potassium fluoride with potassium chloride or with potassium iodide or with a mixture of the two.
- complex halides especially the inorganic fluorides such as K ZrF K TiF Na A-lF potassium fluoride, and mixtures of potassium fluoride with potassium chloride or with potassium iodide or with a mixture of the two.
- any complex halide or mixture of halides containing a fluoride as one component which causes the boride being used to become wetted by aluminum can be used.
- the amount of flux used is not narrowly critical, varying from as little as about one hundredth of the weight of boride to an amount equal to the weight of the boride. Preferably, at least about one tenth of the weight of the boride is used.
- the aluminum master alloy can be made, for instance, by mixing the finely divided boride with the flux, and blending the mixture with molten aluminum.
- the mixture of the flux and boride can be heated with solid aluminum until the metal melts, and then the mixture is stirred. On cooling, a solid master alloy containing the finely divided boride dispersed throughout is obtained. This in turn can be added to larger quantities of molten aluminum in order to obtain a final product containing, for example, up to about 100 p.p.m. of the boride in a form which results in the final cast aluminum product to be fine grained.
- the resultant alloy contains boride of a known and controlled particle size evenly dispersed throughout the aluminum. Such alloys are far superior to previous master alloys which contained particles of widely varying sizes and of uncontrolled distribution.
- Example II The procedure of Example I was repeated using 7.5 grams of titanium diboride 2.5 grams of sodium aluminum fluoride (cryolite) and 100 grams of aluminum. A master alloy containing at least of the titanium diboride evenly dispersed in aluminum was obtained.
- Example IV The procedure of Example I was repeated using 7.5 grams of zirconium diboride, 2.5 grams of sodium aluminum fluoride and 100 grams of aluminum. The resultant master alloy contained at least 95% of the zirconium diboride evenly dispersed in the aluminum.
- a master aluminum alloy which comprises forming a molten mixture of aluminum, a finely divided transition metal boride and a flux, and cooling said molten mixture to form a master aluminum alloy having said transition metal boride dispersed throughout said aluminum, said flux comprising an inorganic fluoride which assists in the wetting of said boride with said aluminum.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
United States Patent US. Cl. 75-135 9 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Aluminum master alloys, containing finely divided transition metal boride dispersed throughout the aluminum, are prepared by forming a molten mixture of aluminum, a transition metal boride and a flux and cooling the molten mixture. The flux is an inorganic fluoride which assists in the wetting of the boride with the aluminum.
This invention relates to aluminum alloys containing a finely divided metal boride, and tothe preparation of said alloys useful in the production of fine grain aluminum.
It is known that the presence of up to about 100 p.p.m. by weight of a metallic boride having a hexagonal structure, such as the transition metal borides, confers a fine grain structure on cast aluminum, which is of great importance when the aluminum is to be rolled into sheet or foil. In general, these borides should be used in the form of fine powders as their effectiveness depends upon the number of particles present; and moreover, large particles are abrasive and lead to inhomogeneity.
In practice, it is virtually impossible to add the requisite very small quantity of a finely divided boride to molten aluminum without the former being oxidized during the addition, and rendered inelfective as a grain refining agent. To overcome this difliculty it is customary to prepare a master alloy of aluminum containing boron, and titanium or another metal which will form a hexagonal boride, said alloy being in the form of the elements, or the boride, or a mixture of the two, and to use this alloy as a source of boride in the preparation of fine grain aluminum. Such master alloys contain for instance, from 0.5 to about 10% or more, by weight of boride. Hitherto, these master alloys have been made by the reaction of aluminum with a mixture of complex fluorides of the metal from which the boride is derived and of boron. An example of one such process is:
However, this process is expensive and relatively inefficient, and the product contains an undesirably high proportion of coarse particles.
We have now found that finely divided borides, such as of particle size less than about microns, can be evenly dispersed in aluminum to form a master alloy by means of the use of a suitable flux which causes the boride to be thoroughly wetted by the aluminum. The use of the flux also serves to prevent the oxidation of the finely divided particles of boride.
Accordingly, the present invention comprises in one aspect a process for the preparation of a master aluminum alloy which comprises forming a molten mixture of aluminum, a finely divided metal boride, and a flux, said flux comprising a fluoride which assists in the wetting of the boride with the aluminum. Metal borides which can be used are the transition metal borides, such as titanium diboride, chromium diboride, zirconium diboride and vanadium diboride, and preferably those capable of existing in a hexagonal form.
3,464,816 Patented Sept. 2, 1969 ice The fluxes which have been found to be particularly effective are complex halides, especially the inorganic fluorides such as K ZrF K TiF Na A-lF potassium fluoride, and mixtures of potassium fluoride with potassium chloride or with potassium iodide or with a mixture of the two. In general, any complex halide or mixture of halides containing a fluoride as one component which causes the boride being used to become wetted by aluminum can be used. The amount of flux used is not narrowly critical, varying from as little as about one hundredth of the weight of boride to an amount equal to the weight of the boride. Preferably, at least about one tenth of the weight of the boride is used.
The aluminum master alloy can be made, for instance, by mixing the finely divided boride with the flux, and blending the mixture with molten aluminum. Alternatively, the mixture of the flux and boride can be heated with solid aluminum until the metal melts, and then the mixture is stirred. On cooling, a solid master alloy containing the finely divided boride dispersed throughout is obtained. This in turn can be added to larger quantities of molten aluminum in order to obtain a final product containing, for example, up to about 100 p.p.m. of the boride in a form which results in the final cast aluminum product to be fine grained.
The resultant alloy contains boride of a known and controlled particle size evenly dispersed throughout the aluminum. Such alloys are far superior to previous master alloys which contained particles of widely varying sizes and of uncontrolled distribution.
The invention is illustrated by the following examples, but it is to be understood that my invention is not restricted to the specific examples given.
EXAMPLE I Ten grams of titanium diboride having a mean particle size of 2.5 microns was mixed with six grams of potassium hexafluorozirconate and placed in an alumina crucible. Ninety grams of aluminum in a single piece was placed on top of the mixture and the crucible was heated until the aluminum and the flux had melted. The mixture was stirred and allowed to cool. The solid product, obtained after being freed from excess flux by washing with water, contained 9.5% of finely divided titanium diboride evenly dispersed throughout the aluminum.
EXAMPLE II The procedure of Example I was repeated using 7.5 grams of titanium diboride 2.5 grams of sodium aluminum fluoride (cryolite) and 100 grams of aluminum. A master alloy containing at least of the titanium diboride evenly dispersed in aluminum was obtained.
EXAMPLE III The procedure of Example I was repeated usnig 7.5 grams of chromium diboride, 2.5 grams of a 1:1, by Weight, mixture of potassium fluoride and potassium iodide, and grams of aluminum. A master alloy containing at least 95% of the chromium diboride evenly dispersed in aluminum was obtained.
EXAMPLE IV The procedure of Example I was repeated using 7.5 grams of zirconium diboride, 2.5 grams of sodium aluminum fluoride and 100 grams of aluminum. The resultant master alloy contained at least 95% of the zirconium diboride evenly dispersed in the aluminum.
Similar results were obtained using 2.5 grams of potassium fluoride as flux instead of the sodium aluminum fluoride.
What is claimed is:
1. The process for the preparation of a master aluminum alloy which comprises forming a molten mixture of aluminum, a finely divided transition metal boride and a flux, and cooling said molten mixture to form a master aluminum alloy having said transition metal boride dispersed throughout said aluminum, said flux comprising an inorganic fluoride which assists in the wetting of said boride with said aluminum.
2. The process according to claim 1 wherein said finely divided boride and said flux are mixed and then blended with molten aluminum.
3. The process according to claim 1 wherein said aluminum, said boride and said flux are heated until the metal melts and the mixture is stirred to disperse the boride throughout the aluminum.
4. The process according to claim 1 wherein said boride has a hexagonal structure.
5. The process according to claim 1 wherein said boride is titanium dihoride.
6. The process according to claim 1 wherein said flux is potassium hexafiuorozirconate.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 8/1933 Bonsack 75138 6/1962 Conant 75-138 RICHARD O. DEAN, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 75138
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9279/65A GB1127211A (en) | 1965-03-04 | 1965-03-04 | Improvements in or relating to alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3464816A true US3464816A (en) | 1969-09-02 |
Family
ID=9868914
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US529941A Expired - Lifetime US3464816A (en) | 1965-03-04 | 1966-02-25 | Aluminum master alloys |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3464816A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH470481A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1533399A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1127211A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO121623B (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3753694A (en) * | 1970-07-06 | 1973-08-21 | Int Nickel Co | Production of composite metallic articles |
| US3961995A (en) * | 1973-04-04 | 1976-06-08 | Aluminum Pechiney | Mother alloy of aluminum, titanium and boron and process for fabrication |
| US4595559A (en) * | 1982-10-05 | 1986-06-17 | Fonderies Montupet | Process for the production of composite alloys based on aluminum and boron and product thereof |
| US5415708A (en) * | 1993-06-02 | 1995-05-16 | Kballoys, Inc. | Aluminum base alloy and method for preparing same |
| US6228185B1 (en) | 1991-09-09 | 2001-05-08 | London & Scandinavian Metallurgical Co., Ltd. | Metal matrix alloys |
| CN115627391A (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2023-01-20 | 河北科技大学 | Grain refiner for aluminum and aluminum alloy, and preparation method and application thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1921998A (en) * | 1930-09-04 | 1933-08-08 | Nat Smelting Co | Method of improving aluminum and alloys thereof |
| US3037857A (en) * | 1959-06-09 | 1962-06-05 | Union Carbide Corp | Aluminum-base alloy |
-
1965
- 1965-03-04 GB GB9279/65A patent/GB1127211A/en not_active Expired
-
1966
- 1966-02-25 US US529941A patent/US3464816A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1966-02-28 NO NO161880A patent/NO121623B/no unknown
- 1966-02-28 CH CH283666A patent/CH470481A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1966-02-28 DE DE19661533399 patent/DE1533399A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1921998A (en) * | 1930-09-04 | 1933-08-08 | Nat Smelting Co | Method of improving aluminum and alloys thereof |
| US3037857A (en) * | 1959-06-09 | 1962-06-05 | Union Carbide Corp | Aluminum-base alloy |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3753694A (en) * | 1970-07-06 | 1973-08-21 | Int Nickel Co | Production of composite metallic articles |
| US3961995A (en) * | 1973-04-04 | 1976-06-08 | Aluminum Pechiney | Mother alloy of aluminum, titanium and boron and process for fabrication |
| US4595559A (en) * | 1982-10-05 | 1986-06-17 | Fonderies Montupet | Process for the production of composite alloys based on aluminum and boron and product thereof |
| US6228185B1 (en) | 1991-09-09 | 2001-05-08 | London & Scandinavian Metallurgical Co., Ltd. | Metal matrix alloys |
| US5415708A (en) * | 1993-06-02 | 1995-05-16 | Kballoys, Inc. | Aluminum base alloy and method for preparing same |
| US5484493A (en) * | 1993-06-02 | 1996-01-16 | Kb Alloys, Inc. | Aluminum base alloy |
| CN115627391A (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2023-01-20 | 河北科技大学 | Grain refiner for aluminum and aluminum alloy, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115627391B (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2024-01-30 | 河北科技大学 | A kind of grain refiner for aluminum and its alloy and its preparation method and application |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1127211A (en) | 1968-09-18 |
| DE1533399A1 (en) | 1969-12-18 |
| CH470481A (en) | 1969-03-31 |
| NO121623B (en) | 1971-03-22 |
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