US3463631A - Method and arrangement for determining the oxidation reactions during refining of metals - Google Patents

Method and arrangement for determining the oxidation reactions during refining of metals Download PDF

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US3463631A
US3463631A US3463631DA US3463631A US 3463631 A US3463631 A US 3463631A US 3463631D A US3463631D A US 3463631DA US 3463631 A US3463631 A US 3463631A
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oxygen
converter
measuring
refining
gas
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Pierre Vayssiere
Jacques Dumont-Fillon
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Institut de Recherches de la Siderurgie Francaise IRSID
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/09—Furnace gas scrubbers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/12—Condition responsive control
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/20—Oxygen containing
    • Y10T436/204998—Inorganic carbon compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/20—Oxygen containing
    • Y10T436/207497—Molecular oxygen
    • Y10T436/208339—Fuel/air mixture or exhaust gas analysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/22—Hydrogen, per se

Definitions

  • Pig iron is refined with continuous determining of the composition of the molten pig iron bath during oxygen blast refining in a converter in order to permit accurate adjustment of the rate of oxidation and for determination of the appropriate time for terminating the refining process, by introducing into an oxygen converter a charge of predetermined amount and composition including carbon, iron, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and oxygen, introducing an oxygen blast into the charged converter and continuously measuring the total quantity of oxygen introduced by said blast into the converter per unit of time, continuously measuring the quantity of oxygen which leaves the converter during such unit of time as free oxygen and combined wvith carbon, continuously measuring the quantity of oxygen bound by each of the elements of the bath other than carbon and silicon, continuously determining by integration from all of these measurements and the determination of the amount of oxygen required for oxidizing the silicon content of said charge the total quantity of oxygen bound by the iron, the phosphorus and the manganese of the bath, and ending refining of the pig iron when the total quantities of oxygen bound by the iron
  • the present invention relates to method and arrangement for determining the oxidation reactions during refining of metals and more particularly the continuous deterinination of the course of the oxidation in the refining of steel by means of the basic oxygen process.
  • the present invention mainly comprises a process for following the course of the refining actions and the composition of a metallic bath during its refining by top blowing or the like, according to which continuous measurement and comparisons are made between the total quantity of oxygen introduced at each instant into the converter and the quantity of oxygen that escapes at each instant from the said converter in the form of gaseous carbon oxides as well as in the form of free gases, and also the quantity of oxygen that is bound by the different elements in the bath from which it is possible at each instant to determine by integration the total quantity of oxygen fixed by these elements and after slagging of the silicon the total quantity of oxygen bound by the iron, the phosphorus and the manganese, these calculations being made by means of knowledge of the initial composition introduced intothe a, converter.
  • the present invention provides for improvement in the control of the oxidation reactions during the course of refining by blowing of a metallic bath, and permits the determination of the distribution of oxygen in the differ- 'ent elements in the bath and even when it occurs the measurement of the quantity of iron oxide that passes into the slag.
  • the above described process is characterized by continuous measurement of the quantity of oxygen introduced at each instant into the converter, which comprises the oxygen carried by the charge, such as the minerals, scrap iron, etc., in measuring at each instant the quantities of oxygen which escape from the said converter in the form of one or more of the carbon oxide gases, i.e. C0, C0 and also in the form of free oxygen, and from this there is calculated with the aid of mathematical formulas which are set forth herein, the quantities of oxygen that are respectively fixed by the carbon of the bath, by the gaseous CO and by the elements Fe, Mn, Si and P of the bath which contribute to the formation of the slag.
  • the process of the present invention can equally comprises one or the other of the following characteristics, in combination with the characteristics mentioned above:
  • This arrangement can comprise one or several of the following characteristics, possibly in combination with the preceding:
  • Means for calculation and integration are constituted by an electronic calculator which has been programmed to solve the mathematical formulas which have been previously established for this purpose.
  • the present invention can be operated as well in refining installations where the gases leaving the converter are captured without burning the same as in installations where the capture of the gas is accompanied by the introduction of air which causes a more or less complete combustion.
  • the components that can be present in the gas captured above the converters are C0, C0 H N and 0
  • Their concentrations, which are respectively designated herein by a, B, 'y, 8, Z are evidently such that their sum is always equal to unity, so that in the formulas for calculation which are given below the magnitude can be replaced by the difference between the unity and the sum of the concentrations of the other components. This will be further illustrated in the two examples for carrying out the invention which are described further below.
  • the quantity of oxygen which is introduced into the converter in the unit of time is designated Q1
  • the quantity during the unit of time which is bound by the total of all of the elements other than carbon in the bath is designated as and the quantity of oxygen which leaves the converter during the unit of time is designated as Q3 then:
  • Q2 is measured by continuously determining Q1 and Q3
  • the value of can be determined by means of a flow meter connected to the feed conduit for the refining lance.
  • the value Q3 is obtained as a result of the measurement of the rate of flow of the gas captured above the converter (Q and the measurement of the concentration or, a, 'y, a and a of its components, which permits the continuous elaboratron of a representative signal for the value according to the equation:
  • the present invention further provides for the measurement at each instant, of the total quantity of oxygen that is bound in the bath during the course of the refining,
  • M is the mass of the metal in kg. and a is the initial concentration of silicon.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an installation for capturing, without combustion, the gas leaving a basic oxygen converter, this installation being provided with an analyzer arrangement for making measurements in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates the function of the calculator arrangement of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a basic oxygen furnace equipped with an arrangement for capturing the gas comprising a boiler arrangement for recapturing of heat, this installation being provided with an analyzer arrangement for making measurements in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a converter 1, which is actually an experimental converter of 5 ton capacity, into which oxygen is blown by means of a refining lance 2.
  • the gas leaving the converter is captured in a hood 3 which is cooled by circulation of water.
  • the captured gas is evacuated by a metallic conduit 4, which is cooled by streaming water, towards a wet dust collector 5 of known type, from which it is aspirated towards a conduit 6 by means of a blower 7.
  • the CO is then burned as it leaves from an excess gas burning chimney 8 so that it is not passed into the atmosphere.
  • the pressure in the hood 3 is always maintained at substantially the surrounding atmospheric pressure by means of a regulating system comprising: three pressure supply conduits 9 placed in the hood 3 at about /3 of its height, and connected in parallel, an atmospheric pressure sup ply conduit 10 placed at the exterior of the hood at the same height as the conduits 9, a differential membrane manometer 11 which compares the pressure indicated by the conduits 9 and the atmospheric pressure, an electropneumatic regulator 12 of known construction which receives the indications of the differential manometer 11, and a draft register 13 placed in the conduit 6 and actuated by a pneumatic jack 14 which receives its air at the command of the regulator 12.
  • the register 13 is positioned at each instant according to the indications of the differential manometer 11 in such manner that the pressure in the lower portion of the hood always remains equal to the exterior pressure.
  • the total amount of the captured gas is measured in the conduit 6, after cooling and wet dust removal, by means of a flow meter corrected automatically for temperature, pressure, humidity and density, composed in actuality of a diaphragm 15 arranged in the said conduit 6, and of a differential pressure meter 16 operatively connected to two pressure conduits 17a, 17b, a sampler humidity measurement device 18 and a sampling temperature measurement device 18.
  • the flow meter is automatically corrected and is per se known in the art.
  • the concentrations on 'y, and ,8 of the gas in CO, H and CO are measured at the discharge of the hood by three infra-red gas absorption analyzers, 20, 20a and 20b, respectively, supplied with the gas by means of a small conduit 22.
  • the gaseous oxygen blast blown into the converter is measured by a flow meter 24 having two branches communicating with the conduit 25 which supplies the oxygen lance, while the amount of oxygen introduced into the converter in the form of pulverulent material is measured by flow meter 24a.
  • the indications of flow meters 24 and 24a are added at 24b where a signal is given which is proportional to the total amount of oxygen Q which is introduced into the converter.
  • the indications of the different measurement apparatus are transmitted to an electronic calculator which is represented by two boxes 26 and 27.
  • the element 27 continuously calculates the speed of decarburation, which is indicated by indicating device 28 of known type, and the concentration of carbon of the bath by integration of this value in relationship to the unity of the metal mass is then subtracted from the initial concentration of carbon.
  • the mass of the metal and its initial concentration of carbon are provided at 29 and 30, and the concentration of carbon at an instant t is indicated by the apparatus 31 of know type.
  • the elements 29, 32, 33, 34 are respectively potentiometers which indicate the mass of the metal, its initial concentration of silicon, and the predicted drop in the concentration of manganese as well as the drop in the concentration of phosphorus p p Element 35 is a potentiometer which indicates the amount of oxygen delivered by the additions of the mineral.
  • the values coming from the potentiometers above described and the indications coming from the flow meters 16 and 24 and from the analyzers 20 and 21 are transmitted to the calculator 26 which delivers to the indicators of known type 36, 37, 38, 39 (which can moreover be recording devices) the representative indications of the following values: in 3 6, the quantity of oxygen which, per unit of time, is bound to the elements of the bath other than carbon, in 37 the total quantity of oxygen which is bound to these elements from a chosen instant, in 38 the total quantity of oxygen which went into the formation of FeO, and in 39 the total loss of iron.
  • FIG. 2 schematically represents the functions of the calculating element 26. There is shown in this figure 7 the flow meters 24 and 16 and the analyzers 20, 20a and 20b.
  • This signal is introduced, as well as that which is provided by the flow meter 16, into a multiplicator 262 which delivers a signal proportional to Q which is the quantity of oxygen which, per unit of time, escapes from the converter.
  • This signal as well as that provided by the flow meter of the gaseous oxygen and of the posting device 35 of the amount of oxygen from the mineral addition is introduced into the subtractor 263 which delivers an indication proportional to Q which is to say the quantity of oxygen which, per unit of time, is bound to the elements other than carbon and which remains in the converter.
  • the signal representing Q is transmitted on the one hand to the indicator 36 and on the other hand to an integrator 264 which continuously elaborates a value proportional to:
  • the signal representative of this difference is atfected by a coefficient of proportionality equivalent to a multiplication by 4.49 and is introduced to the indicator 39 which indicates the quantity of iron slagged in the form of FeO FeO 71.84
  • the signal which is proportional to the quantity of oxygen that is bound by the phosphorus and the manganese of the bath is elaborated in a multiplicator 269 as a consequence of the given M, (,u ,u. (r r at 29, 33 and 34.
  • the indications of the apparatus 38 corresponding to the negative values representing the quantity of oxygen which is not yet bound by the silicon, then, after being sent through a zero value, these indications representing the quantity of oxygen bound by the iron, by the phosphorus and by the manganese.
  • FIG. 3 schematically represents an arrangement for carrying out the process of the present invention in a steel mill in which the capture of the gas is effected, according to known methods, with aspiration of an excess of air, burning the CO to CO and recovering the heat in a boiler.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown a converter 101 into which extends a blowing lance 102 fed with pure oxygen. Above the mouth of the converter is arranged an aspirating hood 103 provided with a large opening 104 through which a large excess of air is aspirated with the gas escaping from the converter.
  • This hood conducts the gas in a recuperating boiler of tubular sections 105, represented schematically, and extended by conduit 106 for evacuation of the gas.
  • a ventilator which is not represented, aspirates the gas in the conduit 106 at a constant pressure.
  • the total quantity Q of the gas which is given off per unit of time in the conduit 106 is extremely important in view of the supplementary aspirated air and varies little since the pressure in the ventilator is constant. This is why in the present realization there is measured variations AQ of this value on the one hand and on the other hand the nominal value 2 11 which is added thereto to obtain Q
  • the indications of the manometer 107 are transformed in 109 into electrical signals representative of AQ; and then, in an adder 110 are algebraically added to the nominal value Q n which is provided at 111.
  • the concentrations 8 and Z of the gas in CO and 0 are measured by the analyzers 112 and 113 of known type.
  • a potentiometer indicator 113a delivers a proportional value to kP, which is the quantity of oxygen habitually carried otf from the converter by the iron oxide dust transported by each m. of captured gas.
  • the signals delivered by the apparatus 112, 113, 113a are introduced into a calculating element 114 which elaborates a value proportional to the quantity:
  • Q Quantity of oxygen which is bound, per second, to the elements other than carbon
  • This quantity is indicated by a device 36 and is then treated, as in the preceding example, along with the given M, 0', ,u ,u. p (p fed in respectively at 29, 32, 33, 34 by means of a calculator 117 which delivers to the indicators 37, 38, 39 the values representing:
  • a method of refining pig iron wherein the course of the refining reactions and the composition of a molten pig iron bath are continuously ascertained during oxygen blast refining in a converter in order to permit accurate adjustment of the rate of oxidation and for determination of the appropriate time for terminating the refining process comprises introducing into an oxygen converter a charge of predetermined amount and composition, said charge including carbon, iron, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and oxygen; introducing an oxygen blast into the charged converter and continuously measuring the total quantity of oxygen introduced by said blast into the converter per unit of time; continuously measuring the quantity of oxygen which leaves the converter per said unit of time as free oxygen and combined with carbon; continufously measuring the quantity of oxygen bound by each of the elements of the bath other than carbon and silicon; determining by integration from all of said measurements and the determination of the amount of oxygen required for oxidizing the silicon content of said charge the total quantity of oxygen bound by the iron, the phosphorus and the manganese of said bath; and ending refining of said pig iron when said total
  • a method of refining pig iron wherein the course of the refining reactions and the composition of a molten pig iron bath are continuously ascertained during oxygen blast refining in a converter in order to permit accurate adjustment of the rate of oxidation and for determination of the appropriate time for terminating the refining process, which method comprises introducing into an oxygen converter a charge of predetermined amount and composition, said charge including carbon, iron, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and oxygen; determining the total quantity of oxygen introduced into the converter in the form of oxygen bound in said charge; introducing an oxygen blast into the charged converter and continuously measuring the total quantity of oxygen introduced by said blast into the converter per unit of time; continuously measuring the total quantity of oxygen which leaves the converter per said unit of time as free oxygen and combined with carbon; calculating by means of a computer the quantities of oxygen which are bound respectively by the carbon of the bath, by gaseous CO and by the elements Fe, Mn, Si and P of the bath which contribute to the formation of the slag, then calculating by integration the total quantity of oxygen bound at
  • a method of refining pig iron wherein the course of the refining reactions and the composition of a molten pig iron bath are continuously ascertained during oxygen blast refining in a converter in order to permit accurate adjustment of the rate of oxidation and for determination of the appropriate time for terminating the refining process, which method comprises introducing into an oxygen converter a charge of predetermined amount and composition, said charge including carbon, iron, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and oxygen; introducing an oxygen blast into the charged converter and continuously measuring the total quantity of oxygen introduced by said blast into the converter per unit of time; continuously capturing the gas leaving the converter without burning of said gas, continuously measuring the quantity of oxygen in said captured gas in the form of free oxygen and combined with carbon; continuously measuring the quantity of oxygen bound by each of the elements of the bath other than carbon and silicon; determining the amount of oxygen required for oxidation of the silicon of said charge; deter-mining from all of said measurements and determinations by integration the total quantity of oxygen bound by the iron, the phosphorus and the manganese of said bath
  • a method of refining pig iron wherein the course of the refining reactions and the composition of a molten pig iron bath are continuously ascertained during oxygen blast refining in a converter in order to permit accurate adjustment of the rate of oxidation and for determination of the appropriate time for terminating the refining process, which methodrcomprises introducing into an oxygen converter a charge of predetermined amount and composition, said charge including carbon, iron, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and oxygen, and measuring the total quantity of oxygen introduced into the converter in the form of oxygen bound in said charge; introducing an oxygen blast into the charged converter and continuously measuring the total quantity of oxygen introduced by said blast into the converter per unit of time; continuously capturing the gas leaving the converter without burning of said gas; continuously measuring the quantity of oxygen in said captured gas in the form of free oxygen and combined with carbon; continuously measuring the quantity of oxygen bound by each of the elements of the bath other than carbon and silicon; determining the amount of oxygen required for oxidation of the silicon of said charge; calculating by means of a computer the quantities of oxygen which
  • a method of refining pig iron wherein the course of the refining reactions and the composition of a molten pig iron bath are continuously ascertained during oxygen blast refining in a converter in order to permit accurate adjustment of the rate of oxidation and for determination of the appropriate time for terminating the refining process, which method comprises introducing into an oxygen converter a charge of predetermined amount and composition, said charge including carbon, iron, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and oxygen; introducing an oxygen blast into the charged converter and continuously measuring the total quantity of oxygen introduced by said blast into the converter while aspirating said gas with a measured quantity of oxygen sufiicient to burn all of the CO to CO continuously measuring the quantity of oxygen in said captured gas in the form of free oxygen and combined with carbon in the form of CO continuously measuring the quantity of oxygen bound by each of the elements of the bath other than carbon and silicon; determining the amount of oxygen required for oxidation of the silicon of said charge; continuously determining by integration from all of said measurements and the determination of the amount of oxygen required for oxidizing the silicon content
  • a method of refining pig iron wherein the course of the refining reactions and the composition of a molten pig iron bath are continuously ascertained during oxygen blast refining in a converter in order to permit accurate adjustment of the rate of oxidation and for determination of the appropriate time for terminating the refining process comprises introducing into an oxygen converter a charge of predetermined amount and composition, said charge including carbon, iron, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and oxygen; determining the total quantity of oxygen introduced into the converter in the form of oxygen bound in said charge; introducing an oxygen blast into the charged converter and continuously measuring the total quantity of oxygen introduced by said blast blown into the converter per unit of time; continuously capturing the gas leaving the converter while aspirating said gas with a measured quantity of oxygen sufficient to burn all of the CO to CO continuously measuring the quantity of oxygen in said captured gas in the form of free oxygen and combined with carbon in the form of CO continuously measuring the quantity of oxygen bound by each of the elements of the bath other than carbon and silicon; calculating by means of a computer the quantities of oxygen
  • a method of refining pig iron wherein the course of the refining reactions and the composition of a molten pig iron bath are continuously ascertained during oxygen blast defining in a converter in order to permit accurate adjustment of the rate of oxidation and for determination of the appropriate time for terminating the refining process, which method comprises introducing into an oxygen converter a charge of predetermined amount and composition, said charge comprising iron, carbon and silicon; introducing an oxygen blast into the charged converter; measuring the total quantity of oxygen which leaves the converter per unit of time in the form of free oxygen and combined with carbon; measuring the quantity of oxygen bound by each element of the bath other than carbon and silicon; determining from the amount of oxygen required for oxidation of the silicon and all of said measurements per unit of time by integration the total quantity of oxygen bound by the iron of said charge; and ending refining of said pig iron when the total quantity of oxygen bound by the iron of said charge reaches a predetermined desired value.
  • Arrangement for determining the course of the refining reactions and the composition of the molten metal bath in an oxygen converter for iron into which is introduced a charge including carbon, iron, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and oxygen and into which oxygen is blown said arrangement comprising, in combination, means for measuring the total amount of oxygen introduced in gaseous form into said converter; means for measuring the amount of combined oxygen of the charge introduced into said converter; means for capturing the gas leaving said converter and the amount thereof without burning of the captured gas; measuring means for measuring in a given time period the composition of the captured gas and for producing electrical signals representing the concentration in the captured gas of at least one of the gases C0, CO 0 and H and calculating means operatively connected to said measuring means for receiving the electrical signals produced by said measuring means and for determining therefrom the speed of the oxidation of the different elements in the charge and the quantity of oxygen bound by the elements in the charge.
  • Arrangement for determining the course of the refining reactions and the composition of the molten metal bath in an oxygen converter for iron into which is introduced a charge including carbon, iron, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and oxygen and into which oxygen is blown said arrangement comprising, in combination, means for measuring the total amount of oxygen introduced in gaseous form into said converter; means for measuring the amount of combined oxygen of the charge introduced into said converter; means for capturing the gas leaving said converter and the amount thereof without burning of the captured gas; measuring means for measuring in a given time period the composition of the captured gas and for producing electrical signals representing the concentration in the captured gas of at least one of the gases C0, CO and H and calculating means operatively connected to said measuring means for receiving the electrical signals produced by said measuring means and being programmed according to pro-established mathematical formulas to calculate therefrom the speed of the oxidation of the different elements in the charge and the quantity of oxygen bound by the elements in the charge.
  • Arrangement for determining the course of the refining reactions and the composition of the molten metal bath in an oxygen converter for iron into which is introduced a charge including carbon, iron, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and oxygen and into which oxygen is blown said arrangement comprising, in combination, means for measuring the total amount of oxygen introduced in gaseous form into said converter; means for measuring the amount of combined oxygen of the charge introduced into said converter; means for capturing the gas leaving said converter and the amount thereof while aspirating the captured gas with a predetermined amount of oxygen sutficient to burn all of the CO to CO measuring means for measuring in a given time period the composition of the captured gas and for producing electrical signals representing the concentration in the captured gas of at least one of the gases CO 0 and H and calculating means operatively connected to said measuring means for receiving the electrical signals produced by said measuring means and for determining therefrom the speed of the oxidation of the different elements in the charge and the quantity of oxygen bound by the elements in the charge.
  • Arrangement for determining the course of the refining reactions and the composition of the molten metal bath in an oxygen converter for iron into which is introduced a charge including carbon, iron, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and oxygen and into which oxygen is blown said arrangement comprising, in combination, means for measuring the total amount of oxygen introduced in gaseous form into said converter; means for measuring the amount of combined oxygen of the charge introduced into said converter; means for capturing the gas leaving said converter and the amount thereof while aspirating the captured gas with a predetermined amount of oxygen sufiicient to burn all of the CO to CO measuring means for measuring in a given time period the composition of the captured gas and for producing electrical signals representing the concentration in the captured gas of at least one of the gases CO 0 and H and calculating means operatively connected to said measuring means for receiving the electrical signals produced by said measuring means and being programmed according to pre-established mathematical formulas to calculate therefrom the speed of the oxidation of the dilferent elements in the charge and the quantity of oxygen bound by the elements in the charge.
  • Arrangement for determining the course of the refining reactions and the composition of the molten metal bath in an oxygen converter for iron into which is introduced a charge including carbon, iron, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and oxygen and into which oxygen is blown said arrangement comprising, in combination, means for measuring the total amount of oxygen introduced in gaseous form into said converter; means for measuring the amount of combined oxygen of the charge introduced into said converter; means for capturing the gas leaving said converter and the amount thereof while aspirating the captured gas with a predetermined amount of oxygen sufiicient to burn only a portion of the CO to CO measuring means for measuring in a given time period the composition of the captured gas and for producing electrical signals representing the concentration in the captured gas of the gases C0, CO 0 and H and by the difference therebetween and the concentration of N and calculating means opera tively connected to said measuring means for receiving the electrical signals produced by said measuring means and for determining therefrom the speed of the oxidation of the different elements in the charge and the quantity of oxygen bound by the elements in the charge.
  • Arrangement for determining the course of the refining reactions and the composition of the molten metal bath in an oxygen converter for iron into which is introduced a charge including carbon, iron, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and oxygen and into which oxygen is blown said arrangement comprising, in combination, means for measuring the total amount of oxygen introduced in gaseous form into said converter; means for measuring the amount of combined oxygen of the charge introduced into said converter; means for capturing the gas leaving said converter and the amount thereof while aspirating the captured gas with a predetermined amount of oxygen sufficient to burn only a portion of the CO to CO measuring means for measuring in a given time period the composition of the captured gas and for producing electrical signals representing the concentration in the captured gas of the gases C0, C0 0 and H and by the difference therebetween and 100% the concentration of N and calculating means operatively connected to said measuring means for receiving the electrical signals produced by said measuring means and being programmed according to pre-established mathematical formulas to calculate therefrom the speed of the oxidation of the different elements in the charge and the quantity of oxygen bound by the
  • Arrangement for determining the course of the refining reactions and the compositions of the molten metal bath in an oxygen converter for iron into which is introduced a charge including carbon, iron, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and oxygen and into which oxygen is blown said arrangement comprising, in combination, means for measuring the total amount of oxygen introduced in gaseous form into said converter; means for measuring the amount of combined oxygen of the charge introduced into said converter; means for capturing the gas leaving said converter and the amount thereof while aspirating the captured gas with a predetermined amount of oxygen suflicient to burn all of the CO to CO measuring means for measuring in a given time period of the composition of the captured gas and for producing electrical signals representing the concentration in the captured gas of the gases: CO 0 and H and by the difference therebetween and 100% the concentration of N and calculating means operatively connected to said measuring means for receiving the electrical signals produced by said measuring means and for determining therefrom the speed of the oxidation of the different elements in the charge and the quantity of oxygen bound by the elements in the charge.
  • Arrangement for determining the course of the refining reactions and the composition of the molten metal bath in an oxygen converter for iron into which is introduced a charge including carbon, iron, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and oxygen and into which oxygen is blow said arrangement comprising, in combination, means for measuring the total amount of oxygen introduced in gaseous form into said converter; means for measuring the amount of combined oxygen of the charge introduced into said converter; means for capturing the gas leaving said converter and the amount thereof while aspirating the captured gas with a predetermined amount of oxygen sutficient to burn all of the CO to CO measuring means for measuring in a given time period the composition of the captured gas and for producing electrical signals representing the concentration in the captured gas of the gases CO 0 and H and by the difference therebetween and 100% the concentration of N and calculating means operatively connected to said measuring means for receiving the electrical signals produced by said measuring means and being programmed according to pro-established mathematical formulas to calculate therefrom the speed of the oxidation of the different elements in the charge and the quantity of oxygen bound by the elements in the charge.
  • Arrangement for continuously determining the course of the refining reactions and the composition of the molten metal bath in an oxygen converter for iron into which is introduced a charge including at least iron, carbon and silicon and into which oxygen is blown said arrangement comprising in combination, means for measuring the total amount of oxygen introduced in gaseous form into said converter; means for measuring the amount of combined oxygen of the charge introduced into said converter; means for capturing the gas leaving said converter and the amount thereof; measuring means for measuring in a given time period the composition of the captured gas and for producing electrical signals representing the concentration in the captured gas of at least one of the gases of C0, CO 0 and H and calculating means operatively connected to said measuring means for receiving the electrical signals produced by said measuring means and for determining therefrom the speed of the oxidation of the diiierent elements in the charge and the quantity of oxygen bound by the elements in the charge.
  • Arrangement for continuously determining the course of the refining reactions and the composition of the molten metal bath in an oxygen converter for iron into which is introduced a charge including at least iron, carbon and silicon and into which oxygen is blown said arrangement comprising in combination, means for measuring the total amount of oxygen introduced in gaseous form into said converter; means for measuring the amount of combined oxygen of the charge introduced into said converter; means for capturing the gas leaving said converter and the amount thereof; measuring means for measuring in a given time period the composition of the captured gas and for producing electrical signals representing the concentration in the captured gas of at least one of the gases C0, CO 0 and H and calculating means operatively connected to said measuring means for receiving the electrical signals produced by said measuring means and being programmed according to pre-established mathematical formulas to calculate therefrom the speed of the oxidation of the different elements in the charge and the quantity of oxygen bound by the elements of the charge.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
US3463631D 1963-12-03 1964-11-30 Method and arrangement for determining the oxidation reactions during refining of metals Expired - Lifetime US3463631A (en)

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FR955779A FR1402856A (fr) 1963-12-03 1963-12-03 Procédé et dispositif de surveillance des réactions d'oxydation en cours d'affinage d'un bain métallique

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3607230A (en) * 1969-01-21 1971-09-21 Koppers Co Inc Process for controlling the carbon content of a molten metal bath
US3619174A (en) * 1965-11-27 1971-11-09 Sumitomo Metal Ind Method for controlling the carbon content in and/or the temperature of the steel
US3640119A (en) * 1966-02-14 1972-02-08 Leeds & Northrup Co Carbon content measurement in a basic oxygen furnace
US3653650A (en) * 1968-12-27 1972-04-04 Yawata Iron & Steel Co Method of controlling the exhaust gas flow volume in an oxygen top-blowing converter
US3816720A (en) * 1971-11-01 1974-06-11 Union Carbide Corp Process for the decarburization of molten metal
US3955968A (en) * 1971-06-15 1976-05-11 Koppers Company, Inc. Method for determining the temperature of a molten metal bath
US3985520A (en) * 1973-05-30 1976-10-12 Louis Gold Gasification process and apparatus
US4073619A (en) * 1974-10-28 1978-02-14 British Steel Corporation Sampling gas for analysis
US4647319A (en) * 1983-12-20 1987-03-03 Nippon Steel Corporation Method for quantitatively detecting the decarburization reaction in the production process of an electrical steel sheet

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LU56237A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1968-06-10 1970-01-15
BE717747A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1968-07-05 1969-01-06
FR2219975A1 (en) * 1973-03-01 1974-09-27 Centre Rech Metallurgique Controlling the refining of pig iron - by adjusting lance height,oxygen flow and material addns

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3181343A (en) * 1961-08-05 1965-05-04 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Method and arrangement for measuring continuously the change of the carbon content of a bath of molten metal
US3329495A (en) * 1963-09-26 1967-07-04 Yawata Iron & Steel Co Process for measuring the value of carbon content of a steel bath in an oxygen top-blowing converter

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3181343A (en) * 1961-08-05 1965-05-04 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Method and arrangement for measuring continuously the change of the carbon content of a bath of molten metal
US3329495A (en) * 1963-09-26 1967-07-04 Yawata Iron & Steel Co Process for measuring the value of carbon content of a steel bath in an oxygen top-blowing converter

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3619174A (en) * 1965-11-27 1971-11-09 Sumitomo Metal Ind Method for controlling the carbon content in and/or the temperature of the steel
US3640119A (en) * 1966-02-14 1972-02-08 Leeds & Northrup Co Carbon content measurement in a basic oxygen furnace
US3653650A (en) * 1968-12-27 1972-04-04 Yawata Iron & Steel Co Method of controlling the exhaust gas flow volume in an oxygen top-blowing converter
US3607230A (en) * 1969-01-21 1971-09-21 Koppers Co Inc Process for controlling the carbon content of a molten metal bath
US3955968A (en) * 1971-06-15 1976-05-11 Koppers Company, Inc. Method for determining the temperature of a molten metal bath
US3816720A (en) * 1971-11-01 1974-06-11 Union Carbide Corp Process for the decarburization of molten metal
US3985520A (en) * 1973-05-30 1976-10-12 Louis Gold Gasification process and apparatus
US4073619A (en) * 1974-10-28 1978-02-14 British Steel Corporation Sampling gas for analysis
US4647319A (en) * 1983-12-20 1987-03-03 Nippon Steel Corporation Method for quantitatively detecting the decarburization reaction in the production process of an electrical steel sheet

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NL6413873A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-06-04
BE656478A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-04-01
FR1402856A (fr) 1965-06-18
LU47493A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-02-01
ES306661A1 (es) 1965-03-01
GB1085039A (en) 1967-09-27

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