US3461944A - Method of manufacturing a lined iron-base article - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing a lined iron-base article Download PDF

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Publication number
US3461944A
US3461944A US490872A US3461944DA US3461944A US 3461944 A US3461944 A US 3461944A US 490872 A US490872 A US 490872A US 3461944D A US3461944D A US 3461944DA US 3461944 A US3461944 A US 3461944A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
liner
oxide
casting
metal
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US490872A
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English (en)
Inventor
Herbert P Kuebrich
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TI LINE CORP
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TI LINE CORP
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Publication date
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Publication of US3461944A publication Critical patent/US3461944A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/08—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for building-up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12611—Oxide-containing component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12611—Oxide-containing component
    • Y10T428/12618—Plural oxides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12819—Group VB metal-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12972—Containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]

Definitions

  • an object of the invention is the provision of a method for producing lined parts such as valves, wherein a liner is first prepared from a corrosionresistant metal, and those surface portions of the liner which are to have cast metal bounding them are treated to have a coating thereover providing insulation and ICC .
  • This invention relates to-the' production of metal-lined products such: as valves, pumps, fittings and similar articles.
  • a widelyused method comprises casting a hollow body .Efbr fthepart forming a, multiple pieceliner for the. cast body, and assembling. the pieces insidethefcast body by inserting them in proper position withinthe, castbody and then welding the pieces together to form'an integralliner.
  • This P WdUF bi -wurse r quires sk l e I o nd the metal of the liner and the metal of the casting.
  • the coating which is selected for the liner comprises a refractory oxide disposedfover the surface portions thereof which are to have metal cast as a body thereagainst, which refractory oxidel'fremains on such surface portions as a solid and without fusing at those temperatures utilized in producing the cast body.
  • Valves, pump housing, fittings, etc. may be produced as contemplated herein with liners in the parts showing no evidence of hardening or embrittlement, or of alloying with the metal of the cast bodies of the parts.
  • the parts are far more easily produce than when using a procedure wherein a liner is formed and then cut into segments thence to be assembled in the hollow interior of the part being constructed.
  • the parts also are generally characterized by a true and exact fit of the liner within the cast body.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates portions of a liner for a valve housing prior to having a cast body :f-ormed thereabout;
  • FIG. 2 illustrates portions of a completed valve housing including a liner as contemplated herein.
  • the particular metal used in a liner is determined by the type of corrosion and wear resistance desired.
  • liner metals they include such metals as titanium, zirconium, tantalum and niobium, as well as alloys of these materials.
  • an alloy of titanium and palladium, containing from 0.1% to 2% palladium finds extensive use-in some applications.
  • Illustrative of another alloy is a tantalum-tungsten alloy, containing up to about 10% tungsten, which tungsten is included to imconsiderable timein fabrica tjng theflinen Exact fitsare body, formed thereabout. While.
  • this procedure may be suitable in making certain produets,. .pr oblems are .encountered wit met u h as tanium a zir um when these are I employed as liners, .due to contamination of, the liner during'the .cas g process through alloying of the liner with the metal; f..the casting, and, reaction of the metal in .theliner with. such materials as carbon and oxygen, at the temperatures vinvolved inmakin-g the casting, whereby embrittlementent andothtflinharm to;the linerresults.
  • an .o'bject of this invention is to PI'QVi dean improved method'fpr manufacturing parts such as valves and the, like -including corrosion-resistant liners, which process features casting a metalbody. about a liner with theliner first integrally for med andspecially treatedover the outer surface thereof whereby alloying and contamination at operating temperatures involved in producing the casting are prevented, I, a V
  • These metals while having desirable corrosion-resistant properties, tend easily to be contaminated at elevated temperatures with elements such as iron, nickel, chromium and similar metals commonly found in casting-s for valves and similar partsContamination also tends to result from the exposure of-such metals at. elevated temperatures to such elements as carbon and oxygen, present in castingmetal-s, in the atmosphere, and in the sand utilized to form molds inwhich castings are prepared.
  • the liner is fabricated from the corrosion-resistant metal desired.
  • two halves of a suitably shaped liner may be pressed from a-sheet of the corrosion-resistant metal, and these halves then joined together as by Welding.
  • FIG. I there is illustrated such portions of a typical liner made from liner sections indicated at 10 and 12 welded together as at weld regions 14.
  • tungsten is the material comprising the electrode, and the welding is" done in an inert gas environment.
  • electron beam welding is suitable.
  • the exterior thereof (which normally is the surface which is surrounded by a cast contemplated. i f
  • oxides of this description are such oxides as aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, and titanium oxide.
  • the refractory oxide may be applied to the surface of the liner by dipping or flame spraying techniques.
  • the former process relies upon the application of a slurry of the refractory metal oxide to the surface of the liner, and subsequent removal of the liquid vehicle in the slurry,
  • Roughing of the surface may be done by conventional sand blasting techniques. The roughing need not be extensive, and it has been found that roughing to produce a 60 to 100 microinch finish produces satisfactory results.
  • a slurry of finely divided or powdered oxide in a vehicle such as water is prepared, and the liner is dipped in the slurry and when withdrawn, with a coating of oxide and water clinging to the liner. If the liner is warmed before dipping, to temperatures of IOU-250 F., there is faster drying of the water in the slurry on removal of the liner. Drying can also be promoted by placing the coated liner in a current of hot air. With drying of the oxide coating, and if additional thickness in the coating is desired, the liner may be subjected to further dipping and drying steps.
  • a spray gun When the refractory oxide is applied using flame spraying, a spray gun is employed, and an acetylene and air mixtureutilized to produce a spray containing the oxide dispersed in the gas mixture.
  • flame spraying refractory oxides no water is used, as the process is a dry one.
  • the refractory oxide is in the form of a fine powder which during spraying is picked up by the gas mixture and propelled out of the gun.
  • the gas mixture on leaving the gun is ignited and the oxide material is carried to the part being sprayed by the gas flame with fusing of the oxide. On contacting the surface being sprayed the fused oxide adheres to the surface and a coating of oxide is built up on the surface.
  • Lined valves and other parts according to this invention in most instances employ liners having a wall thickness ranging from .015 inch to .25 inch. With the thinner liners, of course, not as much wear in the liner is permitted. Since the corrosion-resistant metals employed for the liners tend to be more expensive than the metals used in the cast bodies which surround the liners, the cost of a part increases with an increase in thickness in the wall of a liner.
  • Protective coatings may also be prepared on the outer surface of a liner through oxidation of the metal which actually forms the liner.
  • a liner made of titanium such may be heatedin air for approxi-- mately 5-10 seconds, at temperatures in the neighborhood of 800-1200 F. and after such heating cooled rapidly with cool air, in a matter of minutes, to produce a titanium oxide coating over the liner having a thickness of about .0002 inch.
  • relatively thin coatings of this nature it becomes more important to utilize liners having relatively thick walls, ranging upwardly from about .06 inch, as a thick wall in the liner promotes chillingof the casting metal when such is poured about the linef, with the drawing of heat from region-sladjacentthe castingmetal. With rapid chilling, an oxide filmfas thin as the Oneind-icated is effective to prevent alloying of the liner withthe metal used in the casting.
  • an oxide coating about the liner may be prepared from the metal of the liner, "utilizing anautoclave process.
  • zirconium may be placed in an autoclave, and with heat and steam under pressure introduced to the autoclave, an oxide coating maybe produced.
  • the body of the part being manufactured may be cast di-' rectly about theliner with'thefliner functioning as 'a core. Casting may be performed in the usual maner, by pouring fused metal into a mold and about the liner whichliner' functions to outline the interior of the part being cast. With the casting completed, and on removal of the part from the mold, a lined part results with a snug 'fit existing between the liner and'surrounding cast body andwith the elimination of contamination problems. The coating prevents adhesion between the casting and the liner.
  • a liner was formed for the housing of a 1 inch diaphragm valve, from titanium sheet .025 inch thick. This sheet was hot pressed at600 F., in an air environment, to produce two halves of the'line'r. These were then welded together, using a tungsten arc in an argon atmosphere chamber, to produce a one piece liner.
  • the liner was then sand blasted, with the production of'a 75 microinch finish around'the outer surface thereof.
  • the roughened liner then had a .0l0 inch thick aluminum I oxide coating 'appliedthereabout, using fiame spraying techniques.
  • the completed liner together with its refractory oxide coating was then plaeed in a green sand mold, and utilized as a core in the production of a cast body of iron about'the liner having a wall thickness of .375 inch.
  • the iron before pouring was heated toa' temperature approximately 200 F. in excess of its melting point.
  • the casting was allowed to cool for 10 minutes, and then withdrawn' from the sand mold. Thence, the casting was all-owedto cool to room temperature in the air.
  • Metallographic samples were prepared by polishing a cut section and etching the polished area, and these samples were then subjected to inspection under the microscope. No contamination of iron or carbon in the liner in the region bounded by the aluminum oxide was noted.
  • a method of manufacturing articles comprising a cast body of an iron base metal surrounding a metallic liner, said liner defining a passage extending through the cast body, the method comprising using a refractory metal in the liner which has a substantially higher melting point than the melting point of the iron-base metal which forms the cast bo-dy, casting the body about the outer surface of the liner using a casting temperature which is below the melting point of the liner, whereby the solid integrity of the liner is maintained during the casting step, and prior to casting of said body, applying an oxide selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, and mixtures thereof to form a coating on the outer surface of the liner, such coating inhibiting chemical contamination of the liner during the casting step.
  • the liner is comprised of metal from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, tantalum, niobium, and alloys thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
US490872A 1965-09-28 1965-09-28 Method of manufacturing a lined iron-base article Expired - Lifetime US3461944A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US49087265A 1965-09-28 1965-09-28

Publications (1)

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US (1) US3461944A (enEXAMPLES)
DE (1) DE1508989A1 (enEXAMPLES)
GB (1) GB1121637A (enEXAMPLES)
SE (1) SE319866B (enEXAMPLES)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3541674A (en) * 1966-01-12 1970-11-24 Erik Arne Sabel Method for making an internally reinforced crushing element
US3863701A (en) * 1972-01-17 1975-02-04 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Process for manufacturing heat-insulated castings
US3888297A (en) * 1973-11-02 1975-06-10 Canron Ltd Method of producing ferrous castings with cast-in ferrous inserts
US4027716A (en) * 1974-03-11 1977-06-07 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Method for preparing a continuous casting belt
US4106744A (en) * 1975-09-11 1978-08-15 Analog Technology Corporation Mandrel for formation of mass spectrometer filter
US4291741A (en) * 1978-10-13 1981-09-29 Ceraver Method of fixing a metal strength member on a non-metal part
WO1983002578A1 (en) * 1982-02-02 1983-08-04 Ioshpa, Vladimir, Grigorievich Method for manufacturing cooling plates for metallurgical furnaces and cooling plate obtained thereby
US4423646A (en) 1981-03-30 1984-01-03 N.C. Securities Holding, Inc. Process for producing a rotary drilling bit
EP0297552A3 (en) * 1987-07-01 1990-04-18 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Composite structures and methods of manufacturing the same
US5137789A (en) * 1990-12-03 1992-08-11 Caterpillar Inc. Composite ceramic and metal article
US5169054A (en) * 1987-07-01 1992-12-08 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of manufacturing composite structures

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2094538A (en) * 1934-11-15 1937-09-28 Borg Warner Method of casting composite metal ingots

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2094538A (en) * 1934-11-15 1937-09-28 Borg Warner Method of casting composite metal ingots

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3541674A (en) * 1966-01-12 1970-11-24 Erik Arne Sabel Method for making an internally reinforced crushing element
US3863701A (en) * 1972-01-17 1975-02-04 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Process for manufacturing heat-insulated castings
US3888297A (en) * 1973-11-02 1975-06-10 Canron Ltd Method of producing ferrous castings with cast-in ferrous inserts
US4027716A (en) * 1974-03-11 1977-06-07 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Method for preparing a continuous casting belt
US4106744A (en) * 1975-09-11 1978-08-15 Analog Technology Corporation Mandrel for formation of mass spectrometer filter
US4291741A (en) * 1978-10-13 1981-09-29 Ceraver Method of fixing a metal strength member on a non-metal part
US4423646A (en) 1981-03-30 1984-01-03 N.C. Securities Holding, Inc. Process for producing a rotary drilling bit
WO1983002578A1 (en) * 1982-02-02 1983-08-04 Ioshpa, Vladimir, Grigorievich Method for manufacturing cooling plates for metallurgical furnaces and cooling plate obtained thereby
DE3249343C2 (de) * 1982-02-02 1984-09-27 Institut problem lit'ja Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoj SSR, Kiev Verfahren zur Herstellung von K}hlplatten f}r H}ttenm{nnische \fen sowie eine K}hlplatte
US4572269A (en) * 1982-02-02 1986-02-25 Vsesojuzny Nauchno-Issledova-Telsky I Proektny Institut Po Ochistke Tekhnolo Method of manufacturing cooling plates for use in metallurgical furnaces and a cooling plate
EP0297552A3 (en) * 1987-07-01 1990-04-18 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Composite structures and methods of manufacturing the same
US5169054A (en) * 1987-07-01 1992-12-08 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of manufacturing composite structures
EP0508497B1 (en) * 1987-07-01 1996-10-23 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Composite structures and methods of manufacturing the same
US5137789A (en) * 1990-12-03 1992-08-11 Caterpillar Inc. Composite ceramic and metal article

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SE319866B (enEXAMPLES) 1970-01-26
DE1508989A1 (de) 1970-03-05
GB1121637A (en) 1968-07-31

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