US3460818A - Apparatus for treatment of particulate material on moving support - Google Patents

Apparatus for treatment of particulate material on moving support Download PDF

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Publication number
US3460818A
US3460818A US553939A US3460818DA US3460818A US 3460818 A US3460818 A US 3460818A US 553939 A US553939 A US 553939A US 3460818D A US3460818D A US 3460818DA US 3460818 A US3460818 A US 3460818A
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grate
gas
pellets
gases
particulate material
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Melvin J Greaves
Tage Werner
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Arthur G McKee and Co
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Arthur G McKee and Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B21/00—Open or uncovered sintering apparatus; Other heat-treatment apparatus of like construction
    • F27B21/06—Endless-strand sintering machines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating

Definitions

  • the typical horizontal traveling straight grate pelletizing machine heretofore used comprises a number of of iron ore.
  • One form of the apparatus includes means for removing particulate material from only a portion of the width of the support as the support passes a discharge location, and means for spreading across the support-the particulate material that has not been removed to form a layer on which other material is subsequently deposited.
  • Another form of the disclosed apparatus includes a gas permeable circular grate having gas enclosing means above or below the grate and liquid seals at the sides of the grate sealing the grate to the gas enclosing means.
  • the process includes the steps of passing the material on the grate through several zones and maintaining at each zone a superatmospheric pressure on the higher pressure side of the grate from which the gas is passed through the grate to the other side of the grate in said zone.
  • This invention relates to the treating of particulate materials, such as ores or other metal compounds, as by heating, and more particularly to method and apparatus for handling such materials.
  • While the invention may be advantageously used in treating various types of particulate materials, it will be discussed below primarily in connection with agglomerating particulate iron oxide material to form heat hardened pellets having sufficient strength and hardness to permit them to be handled, shipped, stored and charged into blast furnaces or other smelting apparatus.
  • the invention provides particular advantages in such uses.
  • Pelletizing involving heating of these balls under temperature and other conditions to dry and harden them, will remove moisture from and strengthen the balls by heat hardening so that they may thereafter be handled, shipped, stored and charged by conventional apparatus.
  • Horizontal traveling straight grate machines, certain grate-kiln machines, and Shaft furnaces have been the most widely used types of pelletizing machines.
  • the grate is formed by pallets traveling in the upper path along a straight horizontal track while in abutting relation to define a straight channel cross-sectioned material-carrying grate having a permeable bottom and upwardly-extending confronting sidewalls; the pallets return in the lower path to the end of the machine at which the green balls are charged onto the grate.
  • the green balls are deposited in a layer of predetermined thickness at the chargingend of the grate.
  • the balls on the grate are subjected to drying, high temperature indurating heating that heat hardens the balls, and cooling as the grate moves through the several stages of the pelletizing machine, the balls being completely heat hardened and cooled substantially to handling temperatures before being discharged from the grate as product.
  • Heat treatments involve passing air in the cooling zone and hot gases in the other zones through the bed of balls on the grate, either downdraft or updraft, or in a combination of downdraft and updraft gas flows.
  • the product pellets are discharged from the pallets at the discharge end of the grate when the pallets tilt as they pass from the supper to the lower paths.
  • the typical grate-kiln type of pelletizing machine heretofore used has a short straight traveling grate having a permeable bottom hearth and upwardly-extending confronting sidewalls, the grate usually being a chain grate.
  • the grate-forming parts also travel in upper and lower paths, the upper run of the path constituting the grate and the lower run being the return run.
  • Green balls are deposited on the grate and travel on the grate through drying and preheating zones which partially harden the balls;
  • the partially hardened balls are then discharged from the grate into a kiln, rotating about an axis inclined downwardly from the receiving end to the discharge end of the kiln, hot combustion gases being introduced into the kiln at its discharge end for completing heat hardening of the balls into pellets as they tumble in the kiln; the resulting pellets are then discharged from the kiln.
  • the gases leaving the kiln pass one or more times through the balls on the grate to perform heating operations on the grate.
  • the present invention provides apparatus in which a grate formed of a permeable bottom hearth and upstanding sidewalls travels in a circular path.
  • a charging location on the grate means are provided to spread the balls on the grate in a layer of essentially uniform thickness extending on the hearth between the sidewalls.
  • Hoods and gas conduit means, and sealing means are arranged above and below the grate to provide various treatment zones, such as drying, high temperature indurating heating to harden the pellets, and cooling zones as the grate moves the green balls through the several zones; air may be passed through the layer of balls on the grate in the cooling zone, and hot gases in the other zones, downdraft or updraft as desired.
  • the balls When the balls reach the discharge location on the grate, usually in the vicinity of the charging location, they are discharged from the grate, preferably according to the present invention, without tilting the sidewalls of the grate.
  • the grate is preferably supported by fluid cooled supports, and the apparatus of the invention preferably embodies liquid seals to prevent undesired passage of gases into or out of the side portions of the junctures of the moving grate and the hoods above the grate and the conduit means below the grate.
  • the hood in the cooling zone can be maintained at super-atmospheric pressures with cold air, thereby making downdraft cooling practical and causing uniform heating of the pellets at pelletizing temperatures by preventing interruptions of the indurating process that can occur if updraft cooling air reaches the lower stratum of pellets prior to their complete treatment.
  • metal sidewalls In conventional straight grate machines, it has been necessary to use metal sidewalls because refractories have not proven sufficiently durable to withstand the mechanical shocks to which the tilting pallets are subjected as they pass between the upper and lower runs of the strand and as they dump pellets at the discharge end of the apparatus.
  • metal sidewalls constitute heat sinks that absorb heat from the process gases and reduce their temperatures below those necessary properly to treat the pellets.
  • the grate sidewalls need not be subjected to shocks and can be made of non-metallic refractory materials rather than metal, which because of their low heat conductivities or insulating qualities will absorb substantially less heat from the process gases and make it possible for gases flowing through the pellets in contact with sideplates to be at proper temperatures to permit adequate treatment of the pellets adjacent the sidewalls.
  • the invention provides an arrangement that can be provided to recycle the sidelayers as a hearth layer.
  • the exposed surface areas of gas-containing chambers and duct work can be greatly reduced, even to about onehalf that of a straight grate machine of the same capacity. This occurs largely because the means for conducting gases to or from the underside of the grate can be located directly under the grate, since there is no lower strand to interfere with such means in such location; therefore, there is no need for the complicated arrangements of wind-boxes and downcomers necessary in conventional apparatus embodying straight grates to connect the grate to a collector main that must be located alongside the lower strand.
  • about of the grate may be effective for heating as compared with about half of that in a straight grate or gratekiln machine.
  • the fans for moving gases can be located to handle gases on the cooler and cleaner side of the layer of pellets, eliminating or reducing the need for addition of cold tempering gases to hot gases for fan protection, as is necessary in conventional pelletizing machines using straight grates. Hot gases that have been tempered may require additional fuel to restore them to processing temperature and additional power is required for moving tempering gases alone or admixed with hot gases.
  • substantial savings can be effected infan power because smaller volumes of cool gases are handled and because it is not necessary to handle substantial volumes of tempering gases.
  • Maintenance costs may also be substantially reduced by the apparatus of the present invention.
  • Use of refractory sidewalls eliminates one of the largest maintenance cost items in conventional straight grate .machines, that of frequent replacement of metal pallet sidewalls. Since the circular grate always moves in a single generally planar path, it need not be made up of wheeled pallets, as is necessary in straight grate machines in which the pallets move in upper and lower paths. Therefore, there is eliminated the costly maintenance required on the several hundred wheels supporting the pallets arising from the need for lubrication, for replacement of wheels that become distorted from heat or wear, and for replacement of parts such as bearings or axles deteriorated from heat.
  • apparatus embodying the invention By use of apparatus embodying the invention it is possible to build a larger product capacity into a single unit than with any other apparatus heretofore known, thus making considerable cost advantages for large annual capacity.
  • the compact design in which all the equipment is arranged in a compact fashion in comparison with conventional straight grate and grate-kiln apparatus, which require long length apparatus, permits lower initial costs and lower plant housing costs. It also makes it possible for each circular machine to be operated in service by a minimum number of people. Because of the watercooled construction and possibilities of using refractory materials in the grate, apparatus embodying the invention can be used for processes requiring several hundred degrees higher temperatures than apparatus embodying straight grates.
  • a further object is the provision of apparatus embodying a circular traveling grate for producing high quality, heat hardened pellets of exceptional high quality and exceptional high uniformity of quality.
  • a further object is the provision of apparatus that has substantially improved durability over and can be operated for longer periods without shutdown than prior apparatus embodying straight grates.
  • Another object is the provision of apparatus that can be built to have larger production capacities and lower per-ton product costs of installation and operation than prior apparatus embodying straight grates. i r I .
  • FIGURE 1 is a perspective of one embodiment of a circular grate pelletizing machine of the invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a somewhat diagrammatic plan of the machine of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a diagrammatic view of the grate as extended illustrating the gas flow
  • FIGURE 4 is a section along line 4-4 of FIGURE 2;
  • FIGURE 5 is a section along line 55- of FIGURE 2;
  • FIGURE 6 is an enlargement of the lower portion of FIGURE 5, showing in particular the water seals and means for driving the grate;
  • FIGURE 7 is a plan view of a portion of the grate and adjacent apparatus, particularly showing the 'ball feeding and pellet discharging locations on the grate;
  • FIGURE 8 is a somewhat diagrammatic side elevatio of the dumping portion of the grate of the apparatus of FIGURE 1, illustrating how the center sections of the grate are caused to dump, this figure generally corresponding to line 88 of FIGURE 7;
  • FIGURE 9 is alongitudinal section through one of the dumping sections of the grate: 1
  • FIGURE 10 is a section along line 10-10 of FIGURE 9, showing across section of the grate, FIGURE 10 being drawn in two portions to permit showing of the grate structure in a sufficiently large scale;
  • FIGURE 11 is a plan of a portion of another type of grate, having a refractory hearth that does not dump, parts being broken away to show the-construction;
  • FIGURE. 12 is a view generally along line 12-12 of FIGURE 11 showing a section througlra portion of the grate and its supporting structure;
  • FIGURE 13 is a plan of one of the refractory members forming the hearth of the grate of FIGURE 11;
  • FIGURE 14 is a section along line 14-14 of FIGURE 13;
  • FIGURE 15 is a section, generally corresponding to FIGURE 9, showing an alternative type of grate with a hearth formed or refractory non-metallic material in which the central portion of the hearth can dump as in FIGURE 9;
  • e I v FIGURE 16 is a perspective of a'type of means for removing pellets at the discharge location for use in conjunction with a grate that does not discharge pellets by u p g;
  • FIGURE 17 is a section of the apparatus of FIGURE '16 generally along a vertical plane normal to its axis of rotation;
  • FIGURE 18 is a side elevation of another form of apparatus embodying circular grate apparatus'according to the invention, this apparatus comprising a circular grate on which green balls are indurated, a kiln in which the balls are tumbled for further treatment, and a circular grate cooler; and
  • FIGURE 19 is a plan of the apparatus of FIGURE 18 to a smaller scale.
  • the apparatus of FIGURES 1-10 embodying the present invention comprises (FIGURES l, 2, 4-6) a grate 1 that is circular in plan and designed to travel in a circular path in the direction indicated by the arrows in FIGURES 1, 2 and others.
  • This grate 1 comprises a gas-permeable hearth 2 and upstanding gas-impermeable sidewalls 3 and 4.
  • the sidewalls 3 and 4 extend entirely around the outer and inner circumferences of the grate, and, with the hearth, define a grate of generally channel-shaped cross section.
  • the grate is supported on a rigid frame 5 rotatable about vertical axis A and comprising a fabricated outer member 6 that extends around the outer circumference of the apparatus adjacent the outer sidewall 3 of the grate and a fabricated inner member 7 that extends around the inner circumference of the apparatus adjacent the inner sidewall 4 of the grate.
  • the lower portion of outer frame member 6 carries a circular rail 8 that rides on and is supported by rotatable rollers 9 mounted in supports 11 spaced around the outer periphery of the apparatus.
  • the lower portion of inner frame member 7 carries a circular rail 12 that rides on rollers 13 mounted in supports 14 spaced around the inner periphery of the apparatus. At least some of outer rollers 9 are driven by shafts 15 through speed reducers 16 from motors 17 (FIGURES 1 and 6).
  • Supports 11 and 14 for the rollers are carried by horizontal members 18 of a stationary supporting frame 19 having vertical supporting columns 21 and 22.
  • Suitable green balls such as those previously mentioned, are deposited on the grate by charging means 23 at a charging location C, and travel on the grate around the circumference of the apparatus in the direction indicated by the arrows in FIGURE 1 and other figures to a discharge location D immediately adjacent but upstream of charging location C, where they are discharged from the grate by means to be described later.
  • a fixed gas collector main 30 extends directly under the grate through the portion of the circumference of the apparatus covered by the hoods, being closed at its ends 31 and 32 and subdivided by partitions 33 and 34 into sections 35, 36 and 37.
  • Hood 24 and its associated collector main section 35 define a drying zone 38, in which the green balls are subjected to drying and preheating by hot gases passing updraft through the layer of balls on the grate; they are carried through this zone by the moving circular grate.
  • Hood 25 and its associated collector main section 36 define an indurating zone 39, in which the preheated and predried green balls are subjected to high temperatures to indurate or heat harden them by means of oxide conversions, recrystallizations and grain growth, in manners known to the art, by hot gases passing downdraft through the layer of balls on the grate as it travels through the zone;
  • hood section 26 together with its associated collector main section 37 defines a cooling zone 40 in which the hot heat hardened pellets are cooled by passage of ambient air passed downdraft through the layer of hot pellets on the grate traveling through thhe zone.
  • the hot pellets are discharged in discharging section D, and are conveyed away from the apparatus on suitable conveyor 42.
  • the collector main 30 is formed of a metal shell 43 and an inner heat-resistant, heat-insulating refractory lining 44. At spaced locations thereunder, the collector main has downwardly-depending portions 45, also formed of a metal shell and a similar lining, for accumulating dust from the gases and discharging it through a trap 46 into a fiume 47 in the floor from which it may be removed by a stream of water.
  • the hoods 24 and 26 in the drying and cooling zones have the cross sectional shape shown in FIGURE 4; each includes an outer metal shell 48 lined with heat-resistant, heat-insulating refractory material 49 in the usual manner, the metal shell having lateral reinforcing strips 51.
  • the hood is suspended from framing members 52 from columns 21 of the main frame 19.
  • the lower edges 53 of the hood sidewalls closely approach the upper edges of the sidewalls of grate 1.
  • hood 25 in the indurating zone is shown in FIGURE 5.
  • This hood has sidewalls 54 the lower edges 55 of which closely approach the upper edges of the grate sidewalls.
  • the upper portion of the hood is widened to provide chambers 56 extending lengthwise of the hood and separated from the furnace portion 57 of the interior of the hood by bafiie walls 58 that stop short of the ceiling 59 of the hood.
  • the hood itself has an outer shell 60 and is lined with a layer of heatinsulating, heat-refractory material 61; walls 58 are of similar material.
  • the hood itself is carried by members 62 from cross members 63 supported from posts 22 of the main frame.
  • Air supply mains 64 and 65 extend adjacent to and above each side of hood 25, being supported by cross members 63.
  • Spaced branch conduits 66 conduct air from mains 64 and 65 to the interiors of the side chambers 56 of the hood 25 to supply secondary combustion air, which enters the furnace chamber 57 over the tops of walls 58.
  • each side of the induration hood 25 has several fuel burners 67, such as burners capable of burning gas or oil, supplied with fuel by conventional means not shown. Each of these burners is also supplied with primary combustion air by a branch conduit 68 communicating with one of the conduits 69, 70.
  • the air conduits are preferably insulated to conserve heat in the heated air that is preferably used.
  • FIGURES 1, 2, 3-6 illustrate the means for handling gases and the pattern of gas flows in the illustrated apparatus.
  • Ambient air is introduced into the hood 26 of the cooling zone 40 through conduit 71 by conventional fan apparatus 73 that maintains a substantial superatomspheric pressure of air in the hood 26, such as about 22 inches of water at standard conditions.
  • the air passes downwardly through the layer of hot pellets on the grate into the collector main section 37 in which a lower but appreciable super-atmospheric pressure, as about 10 inches of water, is maintained.
  • the heated air normally at a temperature of between about 800 F. and 1600 F., passes laterally to the outside of the apparatus through a duct 74 that is preferably heat-insulated to conserve heat and for safety.
  • This heated air passes from duct 74 to ducts 64, 65, 69 and for supplying combustion air to the hood 25 of the indurating zone; if desired, but not necessarily, tempering or cooling air at ambient temperatures can also be introduced into duct 74 by cross duct 75 connected to ducts 71 and 74.
  • This lateral duct 74 (FIGURE 4) preferably communicates with a dust collection portion 76 discharging into another fiume 77.
  • the fuel burned by burners 67 in such combustion air produces inconventional manner hot gases at tempera- I tures ranging from about 2350 F. to about 2500 F. and preferably about 2400 F., and these gases pass downdraft through the layer of balls on the grate, causing the oxide conversions, recrystallizations, and grain growth that produce the desired heat hardening resulting in pellet formation.
  • the gases After passing through the balls on the grate and the hearth, the gases pass into the collector main section 36 in the induration zone and from such section pass through lateral conduit 78, similar to conduit 74, to fans 79.
  • the downdraft gas flow through the grate and balls in the induration zone arises from a super-atmospheric atmosphere, such as about 10 inches of water, maintained above the layer of balls by conduit 74, and from a suitable subatmospheric pressure maintained below the layer of balls in the indurating zone by suction of fans 79.
  • the gases discharged from the fans 79 pass through conduits 80 and 81 to a lateral conduit 82, similar to conduit 74, opening into collector main section 35 of the drying zone, the gases being at super-atmospheric pressure, as about 12 inches of water.
  • These gases which are at temperatures between about 500 F. and 800 F pass upwardly through the grate into the hood 24 of the drying zone, to dry the green balls traveling through such zone; the gases are drawn from the hood through conduit 83 communicating with fans 84 that discharge the gases, which are now at temperatures of between about 250 F. and 400 F., to the stacks 85.
  • the illustrated apparatus (FIGURES 4, and 6) embodies water sealing means for preventing leakage of gases at the sides of the grate into or out of the hoods and into or out of the collector main sections.
  • the water sealing means for preventing passage of gases between the grate and the hoods comprises annular channel-shaped movable troughs 87 and 88 fixed in gas-leakproof relation immediately adjacent the outer and inner walls 3 and 4 of the grate 1 and carried by the frame members 6 and 7 of the traveling frame 5 that carries the grate. These troughs both carry water supplied and removed as described below. In each trough there is a removable tray 91 for collecting sediment, that rests on the watertight housing 92.
  • Shield walls 93 and 94 extend downwardly from the lower edge portions of the sidewalls of the hoods into the water in the troughs 87 and 88. Preferably these walls also extend continuously throughout the lengths of all hoods from the beginning of the drying section to the end of the cooling section and near trays 91, preferably being connected at the ends of the hoods to transverse baffle members that prevent escape of gases past the ends of the hoods over the water surface.
  • the walls preferably have transverse members 95 located close to trays 91, to inhibit deposit of sediment.
  • troughs 96 and 97 located on the inside and outside borders of collector main 30 in gas-leakproof relation and extending entirely around the circumference of the apparatus, in each of which troughs water is maintained at a suitable level.
  • Downwardly-extending shield walls 98 and 99 fixed in gas-tight relation to the bottoms of upper troughs 87 and 88 have their lower ends immersed in the water in their associated channels 96 and 97; these walls therefore move with the grate.
  • These walls also have spaced transverse members 100 inhibiting deposition of sediment in troughs 96 and 97.
  • Undesirable boiling of water in these seals that may be subjected to high temperatures can be prevented or inhibited by known expedients, such as mixing in large proportions of cold water, maintaining a high velocity of water flow in the trough, and inducing substantial water turbulence.
  • Charging means 23 for depositing green balls B on the moving grate may be any one of various types, such as that diagrammatically shown in FIGURES 1 and 7 corresponding to FIGURE 1 of US. Patent 3,160,402; it comprises a conveyor 101 having an upper run that continuously travels and carries green balls toward the grate from a suitabe source, such as a conventional balling drum or disk, and discharges the balls onto a conveyor 102 comprising positively rotated ball-carrying rollers 103.
  • the lengths of the rollers uniformly vary across the width of the grate, being related in proportion to the circumference of the grate beneath each dumping edge of each roller, so a bed of green balls of essentially uniform thickness is deposited across the width of the grate between its sidewalls 3 and 4 despite the increasing lengths of circumferences from the inner to the outer edges of the grate.
  • the apparatus of FIGURES l-10 also includes a hearth 1 that provides unique advantages in that only its central portion or segments 104 (FIGURES 6-10) tilt at the discharge location D to discharge heat hardened pellets, and narrow shelf portions 105 on either side of central portions 104 do not dump but carry the pellets in sidelayers 106 adjacent the sidewalls past the discharge location to spreading means such as a plow 107 (FIGURE 7) that spreads the pellets P from the sidelayers into a hearth layer 108 on which the green balls B are deposited by the charging means 23.
  • a hearth 1 that provides unique advantages in that only its central portion or segments 104 (FIGURES 6-10) tilt at the discharge location D to discharge heat hardened pellets, and narrow shelf portions 105 on either side of central portions 104 do not dump but carry the pellets in sidelayers 106 adjacent the sidewalls past the discharge location to spreading means such as a plow 107 (FIGURE 7) that spreads the pellets P from the sidelayers into a hearth layer
  • the pellets of the sidelayers may not, have been as completely treated as the pellets in the central portion of the grate due to the sidelayer effects previously alluded to, they are twice treated as they pass twice through the zones of the pelletizing machine, once as sidelayer and once as hearth layer; consequently the pellets discharged from the grate have a high degree of uniformity of characteristics and hence are of exceptionally high quality.
  • FIGURES 6, 8-10 The structure of the grate of FIGURES 110 is shown in more detail in FIGURES 6, 8-10.
  • Each of sidewalls 3 and 4 of the grate is preferably formed of heat resistant lining material having heat-insulating properties, such as ceramic or refractory material, fixed to supporting metal sheathing which can as shown form a. wall of one of troughs 87 or 88, mounted on frame members 6 and 7.
  • the side shelf portions 105 and the dumping portions 104 of the hearth are supported by watercooled tubular rotatable shafts 109 and watercooled tubular shafts 110 stationary relative to rotatable frame 5. Both of these shafts are supported by the frame members 6 and 7 of frame 5, the former by bearings 111.
  • the side portions 105 comprise frames 112 that are supported by and fixedly engage shafts 110; these frames removably carry bar members 113 extending generally parallel to the direction of grate movement.
  • Each dumping portion 104 comprises a frame 114 that has key portions 115 that engage laterally-extending slotted portions 116 of removable bar members 117 generally parallel to grate movement.
  • the bar members 113 and 117 are shaped so abutting members define between them slots 118 large enough to permit desired gas passage but small enough to prevent passage of green balls or pellets.
  • Each frame 114 of each movable portion 104 is rigidly fixed to its rotatable shaft 109 by a clamping portion 119 bolted to a clamp member 120 keyed to shaft 109.
  • Frame 114 also is shaped to rest on one of the members 110 near its central portion, as shown in FIGURE 9.
  • Each shaft 109 is caused partially to rotate as required to tilt its alfixed portion 104 of the hearth to dump pellets thereon, by an arm 121 (FIGURES 5, 6 and 8) rigidly clamped at one end to the shaft and at its other end carrying a roller 122 that engages and travels in a track 123 fixed to the stationary frame 19 adjacent the discharge location D of the grate and shaped so that as the traveling frame rotates and carries the arms 121 with it the arms successively engage the track 123 and causes their associated shafts 109 partially to rotate about their axes and successively tilt the movable hearth portions 104 to cause the pellets on portion 104 to dump into the discharge chute 124 that extends under the entire length and width through which the pallet portions 104 tilt, and that carries the pellets to conveyor 42 (FIGURE 1).
  • an arm 121 (FIGURES 5, 6 and 8) rigidly clamped at one end to the shaft and at its other end carrying a roller 122 that engages and travels in a track 123 fixed to
  • portions 104 of the hearth tilt away from their direction of movement so their pellet-carrying top surfaces face opposite to the direction of movement.
  • FIGURE 8 shows that all pellets carried by a tilting hearth portion 104 necessarily will discharge into the chute 124 and that any pellets that may spill from the portion 104 immediately before the one 1 1 titlting will also spill into chute 1124. Consequently, there is little if any possibility of having pellets drop into portions of the apparatus where they can cause harm, damage or be wasted.
  • the water cooling system for each of shafts 109 and 110 can be understood by reference to FIGURE 6, showing shaft 109 only.
  • a trough 125 separate from trough 87, supported from frame member 6 at the outer side of rotatable frame 5.
  • This trough extends entirely around the apparatus, and is supplied and kept filled with water by suitable conventional means not shown.
  • a fiexible tube 126 connects the lower portion of this trough with the interior of rotatable shaft 1139, outside of as sociated bearing 111.
  • Another flexible tube 127 is connected to the outer end of the shaft and discharges into lower trough 97. Water thus flows by gravity from trough through tube 126 to and through shaft 109, and through tube 127 to lower trough 97.
  • the water cooling system for each nonrotatable shaft 110 is similar.
  • the hearth of the grate can be made of refractory material, as shown in FIGURES 11-14.
  • FIGURES 11-14 depict a non-dumping grate hearth 128 comprising a rigid supporting structure 129 that is generally circular about the axis of rotation A of the grate and forms part of rotatable frame 5, and a number of rigid auxiliary frame segments 130 carried on structure 129 and having radially-extending members 131 supporting curved top members 132.
  • the frame 129 may be designed to support metal bars, if desired, and the segments 130 make possible a simple conversion to means for supporting refractory blocks 133, of which one is shown in FIGURES 13 and 14, fitted between these top members 132 to form a hearth extending between the sidewalls 3 and 4 of the hearth entirely around the grate.
  • Each block has through slots 134 extending from top to bottom, the slots being s aced and large enough to provide the desired gas flow, but small enough to prevent passage of green balls or pellets.
  • these blocks abut and have shoulders 135 that fit between members 132; for convenience in manufacture and inventory, these blocks are all identical, being of such dimensions that they fit to form a substantially continuous hearth despite the changes in the radium of curvature of the hearth from its inner to its outer edge; there is some clearance between adjacent blocks to permit the desired fit.
  • these blocks are formed of silicon carbide that has long life even when exposed to high temperatures, although other refractory, preferably non-metallic, materials can be used.
  • a hearth having refractory surfaced portions 136 that dump can be made from similar slotted refractory blocks.
  • a grate frame 137 similar to frame 114 of the embodiment of FIGURES 110, is rigidly mounted on a rotatable shaft 109.
  • This frame has transversely-extending bar portions 138, 139 and 141 having keying portions 142.
  • the refractory blocks 143 formed of silicon carbide or other suitable material, have bottom-slotted portions 144 that lock on keying portions 142.
  • Vertical slots 145 in the blocks make possible gas flow through the grate.
  • Each dumping segment 136 can be tilted as required by the means previously described.
  • the dumping portion can be made to extend entirely across the grate, or to extend between nondumping shelf portions adjacent the grate sidewalls.
  • Such shelf portions may also have refractory surfaces formed of blocks similar to blocks 133 or 14-3 and held in place as illustrated in FIGURES 11-13 or 15. With such a hearth having side 'shell portions and central dumping portions it is possible to recirculate side layer pellets into a hearth layer, as previously described.
  • FIG- URES 16 and 17 This apparatus is mounted at the discharge location above a non-dumping circular grate embodying the invention.
  • the illustrated grate has a refractory non-dumping hearth 128 like that of FIGURES 11- 14, and refractory sidewalls 3 and 4 as in FIGURE 6.
  • the apparatus comprises a stationary frame 147 supported from the stationary frame of the circular grate apparatus, and carrying a rotatable frame 148 having an axle 149 mounted in bearings 151 and driven by power source 152 for rotation about; a generally horizontal axis that is radial to the traveling grate and to axis A of the grate.
  • This rotatable frame has spaced aligned spokes 153 rigidly mounted on the axle 149.
  • a scoop member 154 is pivotally mountedby lugs 155 on each pair of corresponding spokes.
  • Eachscoop member 154 of which six are shown, has a generally concave surface, terminating in a leading edge.
  • the scoop members are mounted so that as the frame 148 is rotated each scoop member 154 in its lowermost position faces with its concave surface the approaching pellets on the grate, engages the pellets on the hearth and scoops them off the hearth.
  • each scoop member extends from sidewall to sidewall of the grate and to the hearth of the grate; if the sidelayer pellets are not to be removed, as because they are to be spread into a hearth layer by a following spreader 107 as previously described, then the scoop members are shorter to permit the pellets adjacent the sidewalls to remain. If a hearth layer is not to be removed by the scoop members, then the scoop members, are mounted to clear the grate by an appropriate distance.
  • the means for actuating the schoops comprises rollers 157 mounted on each end portion of each scoop by suitable lugs 158.
  • the rollers travel in a stationary camshaped track 159 shaped so that it causes the leading edge of each scoop member in the lowermost position to engage the pellets on the grate at the desired location, and then when such scoop member is raised to a'position where its axis is approximately horizontally disposed with respect to the axis of the rotatable frame, allows such scoop member to tilt and discharge the pellets it carries into a suitable conveyor 160 that extends above the grate and conducts the pellets laterally awayJ-The relationship of the center of gravity of each scoop member, whether loaded or not, to the axis about which it is pivotally supported on frame 148 is such that the member tilts to dumping position by gravity as allowed by the cam track 159.
  • shielding means 161- may be provided to guide the'pellets onto the conveyor.
  • fixedly located members 162 engage its lugs 158 to move the scoop member to a position where its rollers 157 can reenter cam track 159.
  • FIGURES 18 and 19 illustrate apparatus embodying the invention in which green balls produced'by'conve'ntional balling apparatus 163 travel by conveyor system 164 and are deposited by charging means 23 on a circular grate apparatus 165 that can be similar to any ofthe circular grate apparatuses previously described, except that in this case it has no cooling section. While carried around the circumference of this apparatus; the balls are subjected to appropriate updraft or drowndraft drying, preheating, and indurating temperatures suflicient to harden them at least partially, or preferably completely, before they are discharged by perivousl-ydescribed means into an elongated'kiln 166 rotated about an inclined axis by power means 167.
  • the pellets are subjected to additional heat either for'the'purpose of completing their heat hardening or, if they havev been completely heat hardened on the apparatus 165, for-polishing of the heat hardened pellets'and rendering more uniform' the temperatures and quality of all of the balls.
  • hot gases may be introduced-by conventional burner means 168 into the kiln at one of its ends to provide such additional heat hardening.
  • the completed pelletsdis charging from the kiln 166 then pass to and on another circular grate apparatus 169 on which they are cooled by means of air passing through the pellets either updraft or drowndraft as the pellets are carried around the grate apparatus.
  • the pellets are then discharged from the grate, as by any of the discharging means previously described, and are deposited on a conveyor 171 which conducts them away.
  • the processes and apparatuses of the invention make possible important and unique advantages in providing increased thermal efliciency and more effective and uniform treatment of particulate material on the grate.
  • the essentially gas-tight sealing means containing water or other suitable liquid make possible the successful maintenance on the higher pressure side of the grate in a treating zone of a gas pressure that is considerably higher than heretofore possible.
  • super-atmospheric gas pressures of at least about 8 inches of water to as much as about 60 inches of water or more above atmospheric pressure may be maintained on the higher pressure side of the grate in one or more, or in all, zones.
  • cool ambient air may be supplied by pumping means, fan 73, to the cooling zone, and the hot air that has passed through the grate and the material on the grate in the cooling zone is passed to the heating zone without the action of additional pumping means.
  • the pumping means used to cause flow of gases through a treating zone may be advantageously located in the gas flow system to handle the cooler, and preferably cleaner, gases rather than the hotter and dirtier gases.
  • the pumping means, fan 73 blows clean cool air into the cooling zone, and clean cool tempering air through pipe 75 into the conduit 74 to mix with the hot air leaving the cooling zone;
  • the next pumping means, fan 79 is on the cooler side of the grate in the heating zone and handles gases that have passed through the grate in the heating zone and have been cooled by transfer of their heat to the balls on the grate;
  • the next pumping means, fan 84 handles the air that has been cooled by passage through the bed of moist balls on the gate in the drying zone.
  • the gas passing into fan 79- or 84 can be cleaned conventionally, which will benefit the fan; such cleaning is facilitated by the lower temperature of the gas. Consequently, according to the invention, it is possible to pass gases through a plurality of zones on the grate Without exposing fans or other gas pumping means to gases that are at such high temperatures or that are so dustladen that they could deteriorate or damage the pumping means. Also, it is possible to pass gases through a plurality of Zones on the grate by using pumping means to pump only the cooler gases at each side of the grate.
  • a compound preferably a liquid, that has a lower specific gravity than the liquid of the body so it can float thereon and form a top layer that can prevent passage into the body of gases that could penetrate into the liquid in the sealing means to cause such difficulties.
  • the liquid in the sealing means is water
  • a liquid for forming such a layer should be one that will float on water and form an essentially homogeneous layer that will prevent passage of undesired gases into the water; that is essentially immiscible with water; that has low evaporability; that will itself not react with the metals of the apparatus or with the water to form corrosive compounds; that will not decompose under the temperatures that it will reach; and that has a high flash point of at least 300 F.
  • liquids suitable for the layers are Dow Corning silicon oils 1 -6-7024 and F-67039 which meet the above requirements and have flash points of essentially 600 F.
  • solid materials may be used, such as particulate materials that will float on the liquid of the sealing means and be of sufiicient small cross section to form an essentially fluidized layer that is sufficiently homogeneous to prevent passage into the liquid on which the particles float of gases that could react with the liquid to form corrosive or other undesirable compounds; these materials themselves should not react with the gases or liquid to form undesirable compounds, or decompose under heat in service.
  • suitable particulate materials are hollow beads of glass or certain plastics, or expanded mineral materials.
  • Apparatus for treating particulate material comprising an elongated traveling support of substantial width; means for depositing particulate material at a charging location to form on said support a layer extending across said support; means for removing particulate material from only a portion of the width of said support as said support passes a discharge location; means for treating said particulate material in said layer as it travels between said charging and discharge locations; and means for spreading across said support, in a lower layer of substantially uniform thickness adapted to lie below the layer deposited in said charging location, particulate material that is not removed from said support as it passes said discharge location.
  • said spreading means comprises plow means that engages particulate material that has not been removed from said support as it passes through said discharge location, said plow means acting to spread said particulate material across said support in said lower layer of substantially uniform thickness.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 in which said means for removing particulate material comprises tiltable segments included in said elongated traveling support and extending across only part of the width of said support, and means for tilting said segments to discharge particulate material from each tilted segment as said support passes said discharge location.
  • each tiltable segment of said support is rotatably supported by shaft means through which cooling fluid is passed.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 in which said means for removing particulate material comprises means for lifting particulate material from only a portion of the width of said support at said discharge location.
  • said traveling support comprises a bottom portion and upstanding sidewalls defining a channel-shaped cross section transverse to the direction of travel of said support, in which said means for removing said particulate material removes particulate material from the central portion of said support and leaves particulate material adjacent said sidewalls, and in which said spreading means acts to spread particulate material from said portions adjacent said sidewalls substantially entirely across said bottom portion of said support beyond said discharge location.
  • said means for removing particulate material comprises tiltable segments comprising only the central portion of said bottom portion of said traveling support, there being generally horizontal portions of said bottom portion adjacent said sidewalls that do not tilt with said adjacent tiltable segments, and means for tilting said tiltable segments to discharge particulate material from each tilted segment as said support passes said discharge location.
  • Apparatus according to claim 12 in which said spreading means comprises means that engages particulate material on said nontilting portions of said bottom portion of said support adjacent said sidewalls after they have traveled beyond said discharge location and spreads said particulate material into a layer extending across said bottom portion after said tiltable segments have been restored to their untilted positions, and in which apparatus said means for depositing particulate material deposits additional particulate material on said layer.
  • Apparatus according to claim 11 in which said means for removing particulate material from said support comprises means for lifting particulate material from only the central portion of said support while not removing material from adjacent the sidewalls of said support.
  • Apparatus according to claim 14 in which said spreading means comprises means that engages particulate material adjacent said sidewalls after they have traveled beyond said discharge location, and spread said particulate material into a layer extending across said bottom portion of said support, and in which apparatus said means for depositing particulate material deposits additional particulate material on said layer.
  • Apparatus for treating particulate material comprising a rigid generally circular frame comprising an outer generally circular frame member and an inner generally circular frame member spaced radially inwardly of said outer frame member; a grate having at least a portion mounted in fixed relation on said frame between said outer and inner generally circular members, said grate having a gas permeable bottom adapted to carry particulate material to be treated; means for supporting said rigid generally circular frame for rotational movement so said grate travels in a generally circular path about a generally vertical axis; stationary gas enclosing means adjacent said permeable bottom of said grate and adpted to contain gas that passes through said grate; and gas sealing means between said gas enclosing means and each side of said grate comprising, at least side of said grate between said grate and the adjacent generally circular frame member, a trough fixed with relation to one of said adjacent frame members and said gas enclosing means, which trough is adapted to contain a liquid, and shield means
  • said liquid in said trough means is a body of liquid that is covered with a layer of protective liquid that prevents the ingress into said body of liquid of gaseous materials that could combine with said liquid in said body to cause corrosive effects upon metal parts contacted by said liquid.
  • said grate has a gas permeable bottom hearth portion and upstanding side walls, said hearth portion aand side walls that contact said particulate material being formed of non-metallic refractory material.
  • first gas enclosing means that is stationary and disposed below said grate; a stationary trough disposed at each side of said grate adjacent said first gas enclosing means in essentially gas-tight relation to said gas enclosing means; movable shield means disposed at each side of said grate in essentially gas-tight relation thereto and carried by and movable with said generally circular frame, to extend into liquid carried by said trough at said side of the grate to seal against passage of gas between said first gas enclosing means and said side of said grate; second gas enclosing means that is stationary and disposed above said grate; a movable trough carried by said rigid generally circular frame at each side of said grate in essentially gas-tight relation thereto, between the grate and the adjacent generally circular frame member; and stationary shield means disposed at each side of said grate adjacent to said second gas enclosing means and in essentially gas tight relation thereto
  • said means for supporting said rigid generally circular frame for rotational movement so said grate travels in a generally circular path on a generally vertical axis comprises track means carried by at least one of said generally circular frame members, said track means having a substantially continuous downwardly facing bearing surface, and means at fixed locations that contact said bearing surface of said track means to support said frame.
  • Apparatus for treating particulate material comprising a generally circular traveling grate having a gas permeable bottom hearth portion and upstanding side walls, said hearth portion and said side walls that contact the particulate material being formed of non-metallic refractory material, said grate including portions of said hearth portion of said grate that tilt to discharge particulate materila therefrom; and means for supporting said traveling grate for movement in a generally circular path about a fixed axis.
  • Apparatus for treating particulate material comprising a generally circular traveling grate having a gas permeable bottom hearth portion and upstanding side walls, said hearth portion at said walls in contact in particulate material being formed of non-metallic refractory material; means for movably supporting said traveling grate for movement in a generally circular path about a fixed axis; stationary gas enclosing means above said grate; stationary gas enclosing means below said grate; means for causing a fiow of gas from one gas enclosing means to the other gas enclosing means through said grate; and sealing means at the sides of said grate sealing and grate to said gas enclosing means to prevent escape of gas out of the sides of said grate between said grate and said gas enclosing means.
  • Apparatus for removing particulate material from a traveling moving support comprising a frame rotatable about a generally horizontal axis past which said support travels, a plurality of scoop means carried by said frame for pivotal motion thereon about axes generally parallel to sail axis of rotation, each of said scoop means being adapted to pivot on said frame from a position in which, when in a location near to said traveling support, it can scoop particulate material from said support, to a position in which, when at a predetermined location above said support, it can tilt relative to said frame to dump material from said scoop means; and means for moving each of said scoop means between material-receiving position and material-dumping position relative to said frame as said frame rotates.
  • Apparatus for treating particulate material comprising a traveling gas-permeable grate, means for depositing particulate material on said grate in a bed, means providing drying, heating and cooling zones sequentially disposed on said grate in the direction of grate travel; means through which air can pass to the space on the higher pressure side of said grate at the heating zone, from said cooling zone after said air passes through the grate at the cooling zone; means for supplying cooling air to said cooling zone under super-atmospheric presure sufficient to cause the air to pass through said grate at said cooling zone and to maintain the air at super-atmospheric pressure at said higher pressure side of said grate at said heating zone; means for withdrawing gases from said heating zone after they have passed through said grate at said heating zone; and means for removing gases from said drying zone after they have passed through said grate at said drying zone.
  • Apparatus according to claim 29 in which said grate is a generally circular grate that travels in a generally circular path, said grate having a location at which particulate material is charged onto said grate, a discharge location at which particulate material is discharged from said grate, and said drying, heating and cooling zones being disposed along said grate between said charging and discharging locations, and in which apparatus there are sealing means capable of sealing the grate and the higher pressure side of each zone against substantial escape of gases at pressures of at least 8 inches of water above atmopheric pressure.
US553939A 1966-05-31 1966-05-31 Apparatus for treatment of particulate material on moving support Expired - Lifetime US3460818A (en)

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BE (1) BE698879A (xx)
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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3614076A (en) * 1968-08-10 1971-10-19 Dravo Corp Open burner machines for sintering ores
US3836353A (en) * 1968-10-18 1974-09-17 C Holley Pellet reclamation process
US3907262A (en) * 1972-05-17 1975-09-23 Creusot Loire Installation for the treatment of minerals on a continuous grate
US3908972A (en) * 1972-09-15 1975-09-30 Creusot Loire Installation for treatment of minerals on a continuous circular grill
US3973762A (en) * 1974-05-17 1976-08-10 Dravo Corporation Sintering process and apparatus
US4013517A (en) * 1975-09-29 1977-03-22 Mcdowell-Wellman Engineering Company Circular traveling grate sintering machine
US4065111A (en) * 1975-04-22 1977-12-27 Eero Kyto Cover for the ignition carriage in a sintering plant
US4088745A (en) * 1972-06-23 1978-05-09 Compagnie Industrielle de Procedes & d'Applications S.A. Self-agglomerating fluidized bed reacting process
US4145211A (en) * 1975-07-09 1979-03-20 Arthur G. Mckee & Company Method for cooling reduced metal agglomerates
US4208307A (en) * 1978-09-25 1980-06-17 Arthur G. Mckee & Company Purification of coke
US4276120A (en) * 1978-09-25 1981-06-30 Davy Inc. Purification of coke
US4408987A (en) * 1982-01-20 1983-10-11 Dravo Corporation Circular traveling grate machine for process requiring minimum gas leakage
US20050199163A1 (en) * 2002-10-02 2005-09-15 Chengguo Ma Stoker grates for circulating burning-up
US7644514B2 (en) * 2003-12-23 2010-01-12 Bsh Bosch Und Siemens Hausgeraete Gmbh Clothes dryer
US7918040B2 (en) 2004-03-02 2011-04-05 Nv Bekaert Sa Drier installation for drying web
US7926200B2 (en) * 2004-03-02 2011-04-19 Nv Bekaert Sa Infrared drier installation for passing web
CN113664666A (zh) * 2021-07-28 2021-11-19 中国核电工程有限公司 一种芯块表面除尘装置

Families Citing this family (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117287962B (zh) * 2023-11-24 2024-02-02 大同通扬新材料有限公司 一种石墨电极生产用焙烧装置

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US1038408A (en) * 1911-12-14 1912-09-10 Curtis C Meigs Ore-burner.
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US1433354A (en) * 1922-10-24 And sinteeing- oees
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US2095567A (en) * 1936-02-27 1937-10-12 Frank R Mcgee Sintering
US3302936A (en) * 1964-11-23 1967-02-07 Mcdowell Wellman Eng Co Circular traveling grate machine
US3322414A (en) * 1965-03-01 1967-05-30 Abex Corp Conveyor apparatus
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US1069191A (en) * 1913-08-05 Felix Von Schlippenbach Process and apparatus for roasting ores and recovering the gases therefrom.
US1433354A (en) * 1922-10-24 And sinteeing- oees
US1038408A (en) * 1911-12-14 1912-09-10 Curtis C Meigs Ore-burner.
US1634027A (en) * 1924-10-06 1927-06-28 Honigmann Ludwig Furnace for the heat treatment of pulverulent, granular, or pulpy material
US1940935A (en) * 1931-06-03 1933-12-26 Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co Method of sintering ores and apparatus therefor
US2095567A (en) * 1936-02-27 1937-10-12 Frank R Mcgee Sintering
US3370937A (en) * 1964-09-22 1968-02-27 Yawata Iron & Steel Co Process for continuous baking of powdered or granular raw materials for producing iron
US3302936A (en) * 1964-11-23 1967-02-07 Mcdowell Wellman Eng Co Circular traveling grate machine
US3322414A (en) * 1965-03-01 1967-05-30 Abex Corp Conveyor apparatus

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3614076A (en) * 1968-08-10 1971-10-19 Dravo Corp Open burner machines for sintering ores
US3836353A (en) * 1968-10-18 1974-09-17 C Holley Pellet reclamation process
US3907262A (en) * 1972-05-17 1975-09-23 Creusot Loire Installation for the treatment of minerals on a continuous grate
US4088745A (en) * 1972-06-23 1978-05-09 Compagnie Industrielle de Procedes & d'Applications S.A. Self-agglomerating fluidized bed reacting process
US3908972A (en) * 1972-09-15 1975-09-30 Creusot Loire Installation for treatment of minerals on a continuous circular grill
US3973762A (en) * 1974-05-17 1976-08-10 Dravo Corporation Sintering process and apparatus
US4065111A (en) * 1975-04-22 1977-12-27 Eero Kyto Cover for the ignition carriage in a sintering plant
US4145211A (en) * 1975-07-09 1979-03-20 Arthur G. Mckee & Company Method for cooling reduced metal agglomerates
US4013517A (en) * 1975-09-29 1977-03-22 Mcdowell-Wellman Engineering Company Circular traveling grate sintering machine
US4208307A (en) * 1978-09-25 1980-06-17 Arthur G. Mckee & Company Purification of coke
US4276120A (en) * 1978-09-25 1981-06-30 Davy Inc. Purification of coke
US4408987A (en) * 1982-01-20 1983-10-11 Dravo Corporation Circular traveling grate machine for process requiring minimum gas leakage
US20050199163A1 (en) * 2002-10-02 2005-09-15 Chengguo Ma Stoker grates for circulating burning-up
US7644514B2 (en) * 2003-12-23 2010-01-12 Bsh Bosch Und Siemens Hausgeraete Gmbh Clothes dryer
US7918040B2 (en) 2004-03-02 2011-04-05 Nv Bekaert Sa Drier installation for drying web
US7926200B2 (en) * 2004-03-02 2011-04-19 Nv Bekaert Sa Infrared drier installation for passing web
CN113664666A (zh) * 2021-07-28 2021-11-19 中国核电工程有限公司 一种芯块表面除尘装置

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Publication number Publication date
JPS4828242B1 (xx) 1973-08-30
NL6707248A (xx) 1967-12-01
JPS4828241B1 (xx) 1973-08-30
SE330392B (xx) 1970-11-16
GB1183626A (en) 1970-03-11
FI48754B (xx) 1974-09-02
JPS4827163B1 (xx) 1973-08-20
BE698879A (xx) 1967-11-23
OA02415A (fr) 1970-05-05
FI48754C (fi) 1974-12-10

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