US3455808A - Aluminum alloy and anodes formed thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy and anodes formed thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3455808A US3455808A US535030A US3455808DA US3455808A US 3455808 A US3455808 A US 3455808A US 535030 A US535030 A US 535030A US 3455808D A US3455808D A US 3455808DA US 3455808 A US3455808 A US 3455808A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- mercury
- percent
- alloy
- manganese
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 6
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 23
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 17
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 13
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004210 cathodic protection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000645 Hg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UERBIJRDJNPTJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum mercury Chemical compound [Al].[Hg] UERBIJRDJNPTJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- GTKRFUAGOKINCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlorosilver;silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Ag]Cl GTKRFUAGOKINCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
- C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
- C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
- C23F13/12—Electrodes characterised by the material
- C23F13/14—Material for sacrificial anodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/006—Alloys based on aluminium containing Hg
Definitions
- This invention relates to an aluminum alloy containing mercury, titanium, manganese, beryllium and zinc as essential alloying elements and to the method for preparation of same. It relates more particularly to anodes, such as may be used for cathodic protection or for galvanic cells, formed of an alloy of the type described.
- anodes having a practically constant potential and characterized by high electrochemical efficiency have been produced for use in cathodic protection of alloys formed of aluminum and mercury.
- the materials are subject to rapid oxidation in air. It appears that mercury functions somewhat as a catalyst for the oxidation of aluminum whereby extremely small quantities of mercury are sufiicient to give the undesirable effects.
- Stabilization against oxidation without disturbing the electrical potential or electrochemical efiiciency, can be effected by formulation of the aluminum-mercury alloy to include magnesium as an alloying component.
- the aluminum-mercury-magnesinm alloys are subject to sparking responsive to engagement between the alloy and iron, particularly iron surfaces having a rust layer formed thereon. As a result, such alloys present a danger when employed as an anode for the cathodic protection of tanks or containers housing combustible materials, such as petroleum products.
- Anodes of magnesium or of aluminum-magnesium alloys are faced with the serious defect of spark generation when dropped or otherwise brought into frictional engagement with rusty iron surfaces. This is a disadvantage which has required the avoidance of such alloys and particularly aluminum-mercury alloys containing magnesium in the construction of anodes for the protection of tanks containing inflammable materials such as petroleum products.
- the alloying elements are preferably introduced into the molten aluminum as master alloys although other techniques may be employed.
- the titanium content can be introduced by means of a master alloy of aluminum containing 4 percent by weight titanium.
- the manganese can be introduced as the master alloy of aluminum containing 10 percent by weight manganese, and the mercury can be introduced with the zinc in a master alloy of zinc containing 15 percent by weight mercury.
- Mercury introduction is preferably performed by enclosing the mercury containing alloy in aluminum foil for submergence as a package into the molten bath of aluminum. This operates to free the mercury below the surface of the bath thereby to avoid loss of mercury byvaporization. Thus fuller and safer utilization is made of the mercury introduced thereby to provide for better control of composition.
- this alloy In sea water, this alloy has the following characteristics:
- the electrochemical efficiency of the alloys exceeds 75% and :may urge to as high as 85%, depending somewhat on the purity of the metals used in the preparation of the alloy.
- the zinc brings about a certain amount of depassivation of the aluminum but the amount of depassivation is insuflicient, in the combination described, for eflicient cathodic protection and the mercury component seems to overcome this disadvantage.
- the manganese content operates in the combination described to stabilize the alloy and prevent rapid oxidation, even when the mercury content exceeds the amount necessary to obtain the desired potential. However, when the amount of manganese exceeds the upper limit described, the amount of passivation becomes excessive.
- the beryllium operates in the combination to retard oxidation at elevated temperatures which might otherwise result in the formation of a resistant aluminum skin on the surface of the alloy.
- the titanium When employed within the described range, the titanium operates in the combination to provide improvements in the potential that is obtained with the alloy. When the titanium is employed in an amount in excess of that described, excessive passivation occurs.
- an improved alloy embodying the concepts of this invention may be formulated of the following composition:
- the alloy embodying the above modification may be represented by the following example:
- a galvanic anode formed of aluminum mercury alloy consisting essentially of:
- a galvanic anode for cathode protection of tanks containing combustible materials consisting essentially of:
- galvanic anode for cathodic protection of tanks containing combustible materials consisting essentially of:
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR33463A FR1489004A (fr) | 1965-10-01 | 1965-10-01 | Nouvel alliage mercuriel d'aluminium |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3455808A true US3455808A (en) | 1969-07-15 |
Family
ID=8589523
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US535030A Expired - Lifetime US3455808A (en) | 1965-10-01 | 1966-03-17 | Aluminum alloy and anodes formed thereof |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3455808A (en:Method) |
| DE (1) | DE1533364B1 (en:Method) |
| FR (1) | FR1489004A (en:Method) |
| GB (1) | GB1078087A (en:Method) |
| NL (1) | NL145284B (en:Method) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5376113A (en) * | 1976-12-20 | 1978-07-06 | Mitsubishi Aluminium | Aluminum alloy having good highhtemperature sagging property and sacrifice anode property |
| US5388319A (en) * | 1992-03-24 | 1995-02-14 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Method for making organism deposit-inhibiting pipe |
| US5423631A (en) * | 1992-03-24 | 1995-06-13 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Antifouling structures |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS499288B1 (en:Method) * | 1968-12-19 | 1974-03-04 |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2758082A (en) * | 1952-08-13 | 1956-08-07 | Frederick A Rohrman | Cathodic protection |
| US2985530A (en) * | 1959-03-11 | 1961-05-23 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Metallurgy |
| US3063832A (en) * | 1960-07-05 | 1962-11-13 | Anaconda Wire & Cable Co | High conductivity tin-bearing aluminum alloy |
| US3078191A (en) * | 1957-11-06 | 1963-02-19 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd | Aluminum alloys recrystallizing at lower temperature |
| US3318692A (en) * | 1966-04-07 | 1967-05-09 | Soc Gen Magnesium | Method for preparation of aluminum-mercury alloys |
| US3321306A (en) * | 1964-07-23 | 1967-05-23 | Dow Chemical Co | Galvanic anode alloy and products produced therefrom |
-
1965
- 1965-10-01 FR FR33463A patent/FR1489004A/fr not_active Expired
- 1965-12-29 NL NL656517063A patent/NL145284B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1966
- 1966-01-03 DE DE19661533364 patent/DE1533364B1/de active Pending
- 1966-01-10 GB GB1083/66A patent/GB1078087A/en not_active Expired
- 1966-03-17 US US535030A patent/US3455808A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2758082A (en) * | 1952-08-13 | 1956-08-07 | Frederick A Rohrman | Cathodic protection |
| US3078191A (en) * | 1957-11-06 | 1963-02-19 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd | Aluminum alloys recrystallizing at lower temperature |
| US2985530A (en) * | 1959-03-11 | 1961-05-23 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Metallurgy |
| US3063832A (en) * | 1960-07-05 | 1962-11-13 | Anaconda Wire & Cable Co | High conductivity tin-bearing aluminum alloy |
| US3321306A (en) * | 1964-07-23 | 1967-05-23 | Dow Chemical Co | Galvanic anode alloy and products produced therefrom |
| US3318692A (en) * | 1966-04-07 | 1967-05-09 | Soc Gen Magnesium | Method for preparation of aluminum-mercury alloys |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5376113A (en) * | 1976-12-20 | 1978-07-06 | Mitsubishi Aluminium | Aluminum alloy having good highhtemperature sagging property and sacrifice anode property |
| US5388319A (en) * | 1992-03-24 | 1995-02-14 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Method for making organism deposit-inhibiting pipe |
| US5423631A (en) * | 1992-03-24 | 1995-06-13 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Antifouling structures |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1078087A (en) | 1967-08-02 |
| NL6517063A (en:Method) | 1967-04-03 |
| FR1489004A (fr) | 1967-07-21 |
| DE1533364B1 (de) | 1969-10-02 |
| NL145284B (nl) | 1975-03-17 |
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