US3455479A - Bottle closure having a frangible skirt portion - Google Patents

Bottle closure having a frangible skirt portion Download PDF

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Publication number
US3455479A
US3455479A US686160A US3455479DA US3455479A US 3455479 A US3455479 A US 3455479A US 686160 A US686160 A US 686160A US 3455479D A US3455479D A US 3455479DA US 3455479 A US3455479 A US 3455479A
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United States
Prior art keywords
skirt
closure
thread
bottle
diameter
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Expired - Lifetime
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US686160A
Inventor
William Henry Hadley
Ronald William Wilton
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Arconic Closure Systems International UK Ltd
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Metal Closures Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/32—Caps or cap-like covers with lines of weakness, tearing-strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices, e.g. to facilitate formation of pouring openings
    • B65D41/34—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt
    • B65D41/348—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt the tamper element being rolled or pressed to conform to the shape of the container, e.g. metallic closures

Definitions

  • a closure for an externally screw-threaded container has a thin shell of a ductile metal, usually aluminium, an upper portion of the skirt of the shell being adapted to receive thread and a security band connected to the bottom edge of the skirt by a series of frangible bridges.
  • the lower portion of the skirt is not intended to be threaded and to protect the bridges from accidental breakage when the security band is engaged under a rib on a closure neck, the lower portion of the skirt is given a convex contour.
  • the present invention relates to closures for externally threaded containers, such as screw-necked bottles, and in particular it relates to closures of the type which have a thin shell formed of a ductile metal, such as aluminium, such shell having a plain skirt, which is brought into threaded engagement with the thread on the container neck by a thread rolling operation, and a security band, connected to the skirt by a series of spaced bridges in an interrupted peripheral slit line, for engagement under a peripheral rib on the bottle neck by a forming operation, carried out simultaneously with the thread rolling operation during the application of the closure to the container.
  • a ductile metal such as aluminium
  • a security band connected to the skirt by a series of spaced bridges in an interrupted peripheral slit line, for engagement under a peripheral rib on the bottle neck by a forming operation, carried out simultaneously with the thread rolling operation during the application of the closure to the container.
  • Foil seals either made from aluminium or tin-lead composition, are usually made to a conical form which can readily be dropped over the bottle and its primary closure, such as a cork or bung, and are then brought into close fitting contact with the primary closure and bottle neck, either by a spinning process or by the application of overall pressure using a fluid-operated rubber member.
  • primary closure such as a cork or bung
  • the unthreaded closure must, of course, be an easy fit over the thread and over the portion of the bottle neck beneath the thread and since the glassware may have a diameter tolerance of 0.025" on the diameter, the unthreaded closures must be an easy fit in relation to the bottle neck to facilitate automatic feeding over all bottles within the diameter limits given in the glassware specificatlon.
  • the skirt of a closure of the present type in which the unthreaded length of skirt between the bridges and the thread after application extends for a distance corresponding to but slightly less than the distance between the threads and the rib on the container
  • a convex contour extending over substantially the complete length, lying between the portion of the skirt which is to be engaged with the bottle thread, and the bridges, connecting the skirt to the security band.
  • FIGURE 1 is a partial section of a closure of the present invention in position on the neck of a bottle before thread rolling.
  • FIGURE 2 is a view corresponding to FIGURE 1 after the thread rolling operation.
  • the bottle neck has a flat sealing surface 1 around its mouth, a threaded portion 2, a plain cylindrical portion 3 and a rib 4 for engagement by the security band of the closure.
  • the diameter of the neck on the apex of the threads of the threaded portion is substantially equal to the diameter of the cylindrical portion 3.
  • the unthreaded closure shown in FIGURE 1 comprises a shell 5 and a gasket 6 for holding in sealed relation with the surface 1.
  • the shell 5 comprises a top 7 and a knurled grip portion 8, below which a shallow peripheral depression 9 is provided to retain the gasket 6 in the shell.
  • Below the depression 9 is a plain cylindrical portion 10 which is of such diameter that it is an easy fit over the threaded portion 2 on the bottle, with which it is intended to be brought into engagement by a thread rolling operation in the known manner.
  • the depression 9 virtualy disappears during the thread rolling operation in which the cylindrical portion 10 is brought into engagement with the thread 2.
  • the skirt is provided with an outwardly curved portion 11, the maximum diameter of which is preferably 25% greater than the diameter of the cylindrical portion 10 and the axial length of which is preferably 25-50% of its diameter.
  • a very short cylindrical section 12 having substantially the same diameter as the portion 10.
  • the cylindrical section 12 serves to define one axial end of a bead 14, which continues the convex contour below the portion 11.
  • An interrupted slit line 16 which defines the bridges by which a security band 15 is connected to the upper part of the skirt of the shell, is provided in the bead 14.
  • the tapered portion 17 is dimensioned to conform to the profile of the rib 4, while the cylindrical portion 15 of the security band is intended to be turned under the rib 4 at the same time as the cylindrical portion 10 is brought into threaded engagement with the bottle thread 2.
  • the disposition and shape of the cylindrical portion 10 and of the security band 15 before and after application to a bottle is indicated in FIGURES 1 and 2 respectively.
  • V form of the bead 14 which contains the perforation or slit line, provides substantial benefits.
  • a closure for an externally screw-threaded container of the type having a thin shell formed of a ductile metal, said shell having a skirt having a cylindrical upper part to be brought into threaded engagement with a thread on the container neck, a lower part to be left in unthreaded condition, and a security band connected to the lower part of the skirt by a series of spaced bridges in an interrupted peripheral slit line, said security band being adapted to be turned under a rib on the neck of the container spaced from said thread by a predetermined distance, and said lower part having a convex contour extending substantially over its complete length.
  • said lower part comprises'a convex upper portion occupying a major part of the length of said lower part, a relatively short cylindrical portion, having substantially the same diameter as the upper part of the skirt, disposed below said upper portion, and a bead below said cylindrical portion, said interrupted slit line lying in said bead.

Description

15, 1969 w. H. HADLEY ETAL 3,455,479
BOTTLE CLOSURE HAVING A FRANGIBLE SKIRT PORTION Filed Nov. 28, 19s":
I &- 9
5 11 W Fig.1.
I2 H i ,4 l 72:22:: 17
8 MILHJUWHHHHHHMIBI 2 'I w! 5\ m 1* II l2 I4 wilum HENRY mow: m
RONMD \MLLIIM WILTON.
"murals U.S. Cl. 215-42 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A closure for an externally screw-threaded container has a thin shell of a ductile metal, usually aluminium, an upper portion of the skirt of the shell being adapted to receive thread and a security band connected to the bottom edge of the skirt by a series of frangible bridges. The lower portion of the skirt is not intended to be threaded and to protect the bridges from accidental breakage when the security band is engaged under a rib on a closure neck, the lower portion of the skirt is given a convex contour.
The present invention relates to closures for externally threaded containers, such as screw-necked bottles, and in particular it relates to closures of the type which have a thin shell formed of a ductile metal, such as aluminium, such shell having a plain skirt, which is brought into threaded engagement with the thread on the container neck by a thread rolling operation, and a security band, connected to the skirt by a series of spaced bridges in an interrupted peripheral slit line, for engagement under a peripheral rib on the bottle neck by a forming operation, carried out simultaneously with the thread rolling operation during the application of the closure to the container.
This type of closure was first described in British Patent No. 369,494, and may be made with skirts of varying length. For general economy the skirt is made as short as possible, so that the skirt length in such case is determined by the axial length of the thread and the axial length of the security band.
It has, however, been the practice for some years to provide much longer (deeper) closures of this kind, which simulate the tin-lead or aluminium foil seals, which have been used for many years on wine bottles. In such deep closures the portion for engagement with the bottle thread forms only a shallow portion at the top end of the skirt and the remaining portion of the skirt is intended to be left unthreaded and this portion is conventionally employed for decorative effect.
Foil seals, either made from aluminium or tin-lead composition, are usually made to a conical form which can readily be dropped over the bottle and its primary closure, such as a cork or bung, and are then brought into close fitting contact with the primary closure and bottle neck, either by a spinning process or by the application of overall pressure using a fluid-operated rubber member. Despite the apparent fragility of a foil seal the all round support of the bottle does ensure considerable resistance to any damage during handling.
However, in the case of deep closures of the present type the considerable plain portion that exists between the termination of the thread and the line of perforation constitutes a special hazard, since it is in reality a thin walled tubular skirt, which is not a close fit to the glassware. In such deep closures the portion of the start for engagement with the bottle thread does not extend for more than States Patent 0" ice about 40% of the entire length (depth) of the skirt.
The unthreaded closure must, of course, be an easy fit over the thread and over the portion of the bottle neck beneath the thread and since the glassware may have a diameter tolerance of 0.025" on the diameter, the unthreaded closures must be an easy fit in relation to the bottle neck to facilitate automatic feeding over all bottles within the diameter limits given in the glassware specificatlon.
It follows from this that contact between the closure and glass after application of the unthreaded closure to a bottle can only be realised at the thread and at the security band, where engagement is produced by thread and skirt rolling. After application of the closure to a bottle a considerable state of stress must always be present in the bridges, since they are the only means of connecting the upper portion of skirt to the security band and are placed under tension as an incidence of the thread rolling operation. In the case of a closure having a long skirt, it is possible to cause bridge breakage by gripping the closure around its middle, as is natural when taking up a bottle from a shelf, and, in so gripping, the plain mid-section is squeezed and increased tension and breakage of the bridges may arise from this additional stressing.
In order to overcome this ditficulty it is proposed, in accordance with the present invention, that the skirt of a closure of the present type (in which the unthreaded length of skirt between the bridges and the thread after application extends for a distance corresponding to but slightly less than the distance between the threads and the rib on the container) should be provided with a convex contour extending over substantially the complete length, lying between the portion of the skirt which is to be engaged with the bottle thread, and the bridges, connecting the skirt to the security band. By the provision of this convex contour this plain unthreaded portion is greatly strengthened and, in the event of it being subjected to any squashing or squeezing action, the effect can only be to lengthen the skirt and thus avoid any additional tension in the bridges.
One construction of closure made in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIGURE 1 is a partial section of a closure of the present invention in position on the neck of a bottle before thread rolling.
FIGURE 2 is a view corresponding to FIGURE 1 after the thread rolling operation.
It will be seen in FIGURE 1 that the bottle neck has a flat sealing surface 1 around its mouth, a threaded portion 2, a plain cylindrical portion 3 and a rib 4 for engagement by the security band of the closure.
The diameter of the neck on the apex of the threads of the threaded portion is substantially equal to the diameter of the cylindrical portion 3.
The unthreaded closure shown in FIGURE 1 comprises a shell 5 and a gasket 6 for holding in sealed relation with the surface 1. The shell 5 comprises a top 7 and a knurled grip portion 8, below which a shallow peripheral depression 9 is provided to retain the gasket 6 in the shell. Below the depression 9 is a plain cylindrical portion 10 which is of such diameter that it is an easy fit over the threaded portion 2 on the bottle, with which it is intended to be brought into engagement by a thread rolling operation in the known manner. As will be seen from FIGURE 2 the depression 9 virtualy disappears during the thread rolling operation in which the cylindrical portion 10 is brought into engagement with the thread 2.
Below the cylindrical portion 10 the skirt is provided with an outwardly curved portion 11, the maximum diameter of which is preferably 25% greater than the diameter of the cylindrical portion 10 and the axial length of which is preferably 25-50% of its diameter. Below the portion 11 there is a very short cylindrical section 12, having substantially the same diameter as the portion 10.
The cylindrical section 12 serves to define one axial end of a bead 14, which continues the convex contour below the portion 11. An interrupted slit line 16, which defines the bridges by which a security band 15 is connected to the upper part of the skirt of the shell, is provided in the bead 14. The tapered portion 17 is dimensioned to conform to the profile of the rib 4, while the cylindrical portion 15 of the security band is intended to be turned under the rib 4 at the same time as the cylindrical portion 10 is brought into threaded engagement with the bottle thread 2. The disposition and shape of the cylindrical portion 10 and of the security band 15 before and after application to a bottle is indicated in FIGURES 1 and 2 respectively.
In addition to the resistance to crushing, which arises from the shape of the portion 11, it is found that the V form of the bead 14, which contains the perforation or slit line, provides substantial benefits.
Pressure applied directly to this area does not produce the damage to the perforations than can be experienced under similar circumstances on known closures. Also when the perforations are broken at the time of unscrewing the closure, the upper portion, which will then be used as the reclosure, still retains overall rigidity. Moreover, the defined contour of the open end has set the raw edge of the perforation cut line very substantially below the external diameter.
We claim:
1. A closure for an externally screw-threaded container of the type having a thin shell formed of a ductile metal, said shell having a skirt having a cylindrical upper part to be brought into threaded engagement with a thread on the container neck, a lower part to be left in unthreaded condition, and a security band connected to the lower part of the skirt by a series of spaced bridges in an interrupted peripheral slit line, said security band being adapted to be turned under a rib on the neck of the container spaced from said thread by a predetermined distance, and said lower part having a convex contour extending substantially over its complete length.
2. A closure according to claim 1 in which said lower part comprises'a convex upper portion occupying a major part of the length of said lower part, a relatively short cylindrical portion, having substantially the same diameter as the upper part of the skirt, disposed below said upper portion, and a bead below said cylindrical portion, said interrupted slit line lying in said bead.
3. A closure according to claim 2 in which the axial length of the convex upper portion is 2550% of its .diameter.
4. A closure according to claim 1, in which the maximum diameter of said convex lower part of said skirt exceeds the maximum diameter of said upper part of said skirt by 2-5%.
5. A closure according to claim 1 wherein the predetermined distance which the rib of the container neck is spaced from the thread thereof is 0.82 cms.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,348,718 10/1967 Musy 215-42 GEORGE T. HALL, Primary Examiner
US686160A 1966-11-30 1967-11-28 Bottle closure having a frangible skirt portion Expired - Lifetime US3455479A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB53701/66A GB1207487A (en) 1966-11-30 1966-11-30 Improved bottle closure

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US3455479A true US3455479A (en) 1969-07-15

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US (1) US3455479A (en)
AT (1) AT288898B (en)
BE (1) BE706583A (en)
CH (1) CH457170A (en)
CS (1) CS150205B2 (en)
DK (1) DK118057B (en)
ES (1) ES134328Y (en)
FI (1) FI47170C (en)
FR (1) FR1544585A (en)
GB (1) GB1207487A (en)
GR (1) GR35310B (en)
MY (1) MY7100137A (en)
NL (1) NL151952B (en)
SE (1) SE309921B (en)

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3746202A (en) * 1971-06-01 1973-07-17 Continental Can Co Die forming and perforating pilfer-proof band of closure caps
US3859942A (en) * 1971-06-01 1975-01-14 Continental Can Co Apparatus for and method of die forming and perforating pilfer-proof band of closure caps
US4007851A (en) * 1975-05-09 1977-02-15 Zapata Industries, Inc. Anti-missiling bottle closure
US4007848A (en) * 1975-05-09 1977-02-15 Zapata Industries, Inc. Anti-missiling bottle structure
USRE31546E (en) * 1975-05-09 1984-04-03 Zapata Industries, Inc. Anti-missiling bottle closure
US4540101A (en) * 1983-10-26 1985-09-10 Aluminum Company Of America Container assembly including a tamper-indicating band
US5445284A (en) * 1990-09-05 1995-08-29 Mcg Closures Limited Container closures
DE4113428C3 (en) * 1991-04-25 1999-08-05 Alcoa Gmbh Verpackwerke Screw cap
US6926162B1 (en) 2002-02-05 2005-08-09 Rexam Medical Packaging Inc. Tamper indicating band arrester
US20050258128A1 (en) * 2001-04-20 2005-11-24 Andrew Ferry Closure
US20060124646A1 (en) * 2002-07-03 2006-06-15 Bernard Guglielmini Water-soluble container
US20070034593A1 (en) * 2005-08-09 2007-02-15 Japan Crown Cork Co., Ltd. Metallic container closure having internal pressure release function
US20070090110A1 (en) * 2003-10-31 2007-04-26 Skelton Steven A Tamper evident closure
US20070138125A1 (en) * 2003-07-02 2007-06-21 Alcan Packaging Capsules Stopper capsules and method for production thereof
US20080105644A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2008-05-08 Douglas Marcus H L Tamper-Evident Closure
US20080190880A1 (en) * 2004-06-23 2008-08-14 Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh Wadless Closure
US20080237236A1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2008-10-02 Roger Geoffrey Tanner Dispensing Closure
US20090173007A1 (en) * 2006-04-28 2009-07-09 Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh Closure with rfid device
US20100170898A1 (en) * 2007-07-13 2010-07-08 Obrist Clouses Switzerland Gmbh Tamper-evident closure
US20100264145A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2010-10-21 Claude Benoit-Gonin Tamper evident closure
US20100320168A1 (en) * 2008-02-19 2010-12-23 Martin Carey Bull Child-resistant closure
USD630093S1 (en) 2010-06-11 2011-01-04 Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh Closure
US20110017736A1 (en) * 2008-04-04 2011-01-27 Bernard Guglielmini Closure
US20110210122A1 (en) * 2008-09-11 2011-09-01 Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh Method for forming a closure and a product thereof
US9102448B2 (en) 2007-07-13 2015-08-11 Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh Tamper-evident closure
US20160347520A1 (en) * 2013-07-05 2016-12-01 Compañía De Tapones Irrellenables, S.A. Closure device for bottles with evidence of first opening

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2127023C3 (en) * 1971-06-01 1979-04-19 The Coca-Cola Co., Atlanta, Ga. (V.St.A.) Screw cap

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3348718A (en) * 1965-01-20 1967-10-24 Bouchage Mecanique Bottle closure

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3348718A (en) * 1965-01-20 1967-10-24 Bouchage Mecanique Bottle closure

Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3859942A (en) * 1971-06-01 1975-01-14 Continental Can Co Apparatus for and method of die forming and perforating pilfer-proof band of closure caps
US3746202A (en) * 1971-06-01 1973-07-17 Continental Can Co Die forming and perforating pilfer-proof band of closure caps
US4007851A (en) * 1975-05-09 1977-02-15 Zapata Industries, Inc. Anti-missiling bottle closure
US4007848A (en) * 1975-05-09 1977-02-15 Zapata Industries, Inc. Anti-missiling bottle structure
USRE31546E (en) * 1975-05-09 1984-04-03 Zapata Industries, Inc. Anti-missiling bottle closure
US4540101A (en) * 1983-10-26 1985-09-10 Aluminum Company Of America Container assembly including a tamper-indicating band
US5445284A (en) * 1990-09-05 1995-08-29 Mcg Closures Limited Container closures
DE4113428C3 (en) * 1991-04-25 1999-08-05 Alcoa Gmbh Verpackwerke Screw cap
US7121419B2 (en) * 2001-04-20 2006-10-17 Crown Obrist Gmbh Closure
US20050258128A1 (en) * 2001-04-20 2005-11-24 Andrew Ferry Closure
US6926162B1 (en) 2002-02-05 2005-08-09 Rexam Medical Packaging Inc. Tamper indicating band arrester
US20060124646A1 (en) * 2002-07-03 2006-06-15 Bernard Guglielmini Water-soluble container
US20070138125A1 (en) * 2003-07-02 2007-06-21 Alcan Packaging Capsules Stopper capsules and method for production thereof
US7922019B2 (en) 2003-07-02 2011-04-12 Amcor Flexibles Capsules France Stopper capsules and method for production thereof
US9242768B2 (en) 2003-10-31 2016-01-26 Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh Tamper evident closure
US20070090110A1 (en) * 2003-10-31 2007-04-26 Skelton Steven A Tamper evident closure
US8522991B2 (en) 2003-10-31 2013-09-03 Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh Tamper evident closure
US20080190880A1 (en) * 2004-06-23 2008-08-14 Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh Wadless Closure
US20080237236A1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2008-10-02 Roger Geoffrey Tanner Dispensing Closure
US20080105644A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2008-05-08 Douglas Marcus H L Tamper-Evident Closure
US8167161B2 (en) * 2005-08-09 2012-05-01 Japan Crown Cork Co., Ltd. Metallic container closure having internal pressure release function
US20070034593A1 (en) * 2005-08-09 2007-02-15 Japan Crown Cork Co., Ltd. Metallic container closure having internal pressure release function
US8833590B2 (en) 2005-08-09 2014-09-16 Japan Crown Cork Co., Ltd. Metallic container closure having internal pressure release function
US20090173007A1 (en) * 2006-04-28 2009-07-09 Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh Closure with rfid device
US7830263B2 (en) 2006-04-28 2010-11-09 Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh Closure with RFID device
US9102448B2 (en) 2007-07-13 2015-08-11 Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh Tamper-evident closure
US20100170898A1 (en) * 2007-07-13 2010-07-08 Obrist Clouses Switzerland Gmbh Tamper-evident closure
US8453856B2 (en) 2007-07-13 2013-06-04 Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh Tamper-evident closure
US8490804B2 (en) 2007-10-31 2013-07-23 Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh Closure with movable tamper-evident member
US20100264145A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2010-10-21 Claude Benoit-Gonin Tamper evident closure
US20100320168A1 (en) * 2008-02-19 2010-12-23 Martin Carey Bull Child-resistant closure
US8413830B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2013-04-09 Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh Closure
US20110017736A1 (en) * 2008-04-04 2011-01-27 Bernard Guglielmini Closure
US20110210122A1 (en) * 2008-09-11 2011-09-01 Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh Method for forming a closure and a product thereof
USD630093S1 (en) 2010-06-11 2011-01-04 Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh Closure
US20160347520A1 (en) * 2013-07-05 2016-12-01 Compañía De Tapones Irrellenables, S.A. Closure device for bottles with evidence of first opening
US10196191B2 (en) * 2013-07-05 2019-02-05 Compañía De Tapones Irrellenables, S.A. Closure device for bottles with evidence of first opening

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES134328U (en) 1968-04-01
FI47170B (en) 1973-07-02
GB1207487A (en) 1970-10-07
SE309921B (en) 1969-04-08
BE706583A (en) 1968-05-16
NL6716302A (en) 1968-05-31
ES134328Y (en) 1969-06-01
DK118057B (en) 1970-06-29
FR1544585A (en) 1968-10-31
NL151952B (en) 1977-01-17
CS150205B2 (en) 1973-09-04
AT288898B (en) 1971-03-25
FI47170C (en) 1973-10-10
MY7100137A (en) 1971-12-31
CH457170A (en) 1968-05-31
GR35310B (en) 1968-09-05
DE1607890A1 (en) 1972-04-06

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