US3453084A - Apparatus for cracking and burning hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Apparatus for cracking and burning hydrocarbons Download PDF

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Publication number
US3453084A
US3453084A US543232A US3453084DA US3453084A US 3453084 A US3453084 A US 3453084A US 543232 A US543232 A US 543232A US 3453084D A US3453084D A US 3453084DA US 3453084 A US3453084 A US 3453084A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
fuel
cracking
primary
gas
hydrocarbons
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US543232A
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English (en)
Inventor
Alix Ivernel
Marcel Just
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR15882A external-priority patent/FR1444021A/fr
Application filed by Air Liquide SA filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3453084A publication Critical patent/US3453084A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F23C6/047—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure with fuel supply in stages
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/346—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using heat generated by superheated steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/36—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C4/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms
    • C07C4/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C4/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms
    • C07C4/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
    • C07C4/025—Oxidative cracking, autothermal cracking or cracking by partial combustion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/34—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
    • C10G9/36—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
    • C10G9/38—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/20—Burner staging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/30—Staged fuel supply
    • F23C2201/301—Staged fuel supply with different fuels in stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/00004—Burners specially adapted for generating high luminous flames, e.g. yellow for fuel-rich mixtures

Definitions

  • Apparatus for cracking and burning hydrocarbons so as to produce incandescent carbon particles comprises a mixing chamber from which a flammable mixture strikes a baflie member behind which the burning gases recirculate. The hydrocarbons are injected through the bafflemember into the recirculating gases where they are cracked.
  • the present invention is concerned with an arrangement for the cracking and combustion of hydrocarbons, particularly natural gas, which comprises at the outlet end of the burner a mechanical stabilising member such as a disc, cylinder or the like, which creates downstream a stable zone of recycled gases, the said arrangement being characterised in that it comprises means permitting the introduction of fuels to be burnt within the stabilised recirculation zone.
  • the introduction means are formed by a secondary pipe opening at the centre of the mechanical stabilisation member, thus supplying a part of the fuel downstream of the mechanical stabilising member.
  • the fuel to be burnt inside the stabilised recirculation zone can be supplied either in gaseous form or in liquid form.
  • the fuel to be burnt within the stabilised recirculation zone can either be the same gaseous fuel as the main fuel, adapted to burn in the pre-mixing chamber, or another fuel less volatile than the gaseous one.
  • the secondary pipe opening at the centre of the metal stabilising member can either be a pipe independent of the main supply pipe for the stream of gas to be burnt in the premixing chamber, or a secondary pipe connected to this main pipe.
  • injecting the hydrocarbon in liquid form into the zone of the hot gases recycled downstream of the stabilizer avoids the frosting effect which is due to the evaporation of the liquid hydrocarbon.
  • the outlet opening of the secondary circuit is adapted to the nature of the fuel being used; the dimensions thereof can vary over a wide range from the minimum orifice permitting the passage of a hydrocarbon in the liquid state.
  • the proportions of the flow of gaseous fuel for the primary flame and of the liquid or gaseous fuel flow of the secondary jet are regulated so as to obtain the desired flame length and luminosity.
  • burners according to the invention A number of examples of burners according to the invention and the types of supply arrangements which can be used with these burners are indicated below.
  • the burner shown diagrammatically in FIGURE 1 is a device known as being of the primary pre-mixing type, with separate injection of primary and secondary fuels.
  • the burner shown diagrammatically in FIGURE 2 is a primary pre-mixing device with single fuel supply.
  • the burner shown in FIGURE 3 is a device known as the injection type with separate supply of primary and secondary fuels.
  • the burner shown in FIGURE 4 is an injection-type device with single fuel supply.
  • the cracking and combustion arrangement shown in FIGURE 1 comprises a pre-mixing chamber 1, into which extends a supply pipe 2 for the gaseous primary fuel and a supply pipe 3 for injected combustion supporter.
  • a secondary fuel supply pipe 4 arranged parallel to the premixing chamber 1 opens at the centre of a disc 5 which is formed with a central hole 6 and is disposed at the outlet from the pre-mixing chamber 1.
  • the secondary fuel jet discharging through the stabiliser hole 6 is in contact with the burnt gases of the primary flame where it is vaporised and partially dissociated, and then cracked.
  • the arrangement operates as follows: a part of the fuel is introduced into the pre-mixing chamber, where it is mixed with a combustion supporter, as for example air, the said combustion supporter being introduced into the pre-mixing chamber through the pipe 3.
  • a combustion supporter as for example air
  • the part of the fuel introduced into the chamber is mixed with the combustion supporter in proportions which are substantially stoichiometric proportions, or in proportions such that the mixture is slightly oxidising.
  • This mixture burns normally, giving a stabilised flame which will be referred to as the primary flame.
  • the other part of the flow of the gaseous fuel which generally constitutes the major part, is introduced through the pipe downstream of the stabiliser into the zone of recycled gases.
  • This fuel jet which will be referred to as the secondary jet, is in intimate contact with the burnt gases originating from the primary flame; it is brought to a suflicient temperature and under adequate chemical conditions to ensure partial dissociation and the cracking thereof, so as to liberate particles of free carbon, and as a result to obtain after the recirculation zone a flame which has a high luminosity.
  • the primary mix- 15 The cracking arrangement according to the invention ture is ignited at the periphery of the stabiliser and sets up downstream of the latter a zone of recycled hot gases; the secondary jet reaches this zone, where it is heated and brought to the conditions for cracking, it being possible for this jet to be initially at ambient temperature or preheated.
  • a flame of high luminosity is obtained after the recirculation zone established by a stabiliser.
  • the following results were obtained with a burner having a pre-mixing chamber with a diameter of 35 mm., the stabiliser disc positioned at the outlet end of this chamber having a diameter of 25 mm. and the hole formed in the centre of the stabiliser disc being 2 mm.; the supply of gaseous primary fuel of the propane gas type was 5 kg./h., the supply of secondary fuel of the liquid propane type was 35 kg./h. and the air for combustion was at ambient temperature.
  • the burner shown in FIGURE 2 is a modification of the burner shown in FIGURE 1, which comprises a single fuel supply pipe 8 instead of two separate pipes, a branch pipe 9 thereon for carrying the fluid to the centre of the stabiliser 10.
  • the burner shown in FIGURE 3 is a modification of the burner according in FIGURE 1, which comprises an injector arrangement instead of the pre-mixing arrangement; the primary mixture is obtained in the pre-mixing chamber 11 by intake of air 12, this resulting from the suction due to the presence of an injector 13 at the discharge end of the gaseous fuel supply pipe 14.
  • the remainder of the burner is similar to that previously described.
  • the burner shown in FIGURE 4 is a modification of the burners shown in FIGURES 2 and 3.
  • the primary mixture is obtained in the pre-mixing chamber 15 by intake of air 16, the suction effect being due to the presence of an injector 17 at the outlet end of the gaseous fuel supply pipe 18.
  • a branch pipe 19 on the said pipe 18 takes up the fluid in order to lead it into the centre of the stabiliser 20.
  • the arrangement according to the invention permits at the same time relatively high gas discharge velocities and strong flames without requiring other stabilising devices.
  • Another advantage consists in the fact that the arrangement according to the invention is extremely simple in construction and as a consequence does not require any special machining.
  • Apparatus for cracking and burning hydrocarbons comprising supply means for fuel gas and for combustion supporting gas, a mixing chamber for said fuel gas and said com-bustion supporting gas, said chamber having a circular outlet opening for the discharge of the mixture, a circular baflie member in unitary assembly with the mixing chamber but disposed outside said chamber coaxial with and beyond said outlet opening in the direction of discharge of said mixture from said outlet opening, said baflle member having one side which faces said outlet opening, the diameter of said baffle member being less than the diameter of said outlet opening whereby said mixture leaving said outlet opening subsequently passes about the edges of said bafiie member and recycles toward said baflie member, and conduit means extending centrally through said baffle member for conveying said hydrocarbons to the other side of said baflle member in the central zone of said baffle member and for discharging said hydrocarbons in the same direction as the direction of discharge of said mixture from said outlet opening but in the direction opposite the direction of said recycling gas.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
US543232A 1965-05-05 1966-04-18 Apparatus for cracking and burning hydrocarbons Expired - Lifetime US3453084A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR15882A FR1444021A (fr) 1965-05-05 1965-05-05 Dispositif de craquage des hydrocarbures gazeux
FR49493A FR89711E (fr) 1965-05-05 1966-02-14 Dispositif de craquage des hydrocarbures gazeux

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3453084A true US3453084A (en) 1969-07-01

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ID=26163613

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US543232A Expired - Lifetime US3453084A (en) 1965-05-05 1966-04-18 Apparatus for cracking and burning hydrocarbons

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3453084A (xx)
BE (1) BE680300A (xx)
DE (1) DE1501965B2 (xx)
FR (1) FR89711E (xx)
GB (1) GB1091380A (xx)
NL (1) NL145942B (xx)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3649206A (en) * 1970-06-01 1972-03-14 Air Liquide Apparatus for cracking and burning hydrocarbons
US3748082A (en) * 1970-06-01 1973-07-24 Air Liquide Sa Etude Exploit P Method for cracking and burning hydrocarbons
US4672143A (en) * 1985-11-08 1987-06-09 Mobil Oil Corporation Flame reactor for cracking hydrocarbons
US4672144A (en) * 1985-11-08 1987-06-09 Mobil Oil Corporation Flame conversion of methane to more reactive hydrocarbons
USRE34785E (en) * 1986-03-17 1994-11-15 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process for lubricating a surface such as a mould for the manufacture of a glass object
US20090280444A1 (en) * 2008-05-08 2009-11-12 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Highly Radiative Burner and Combustion Process
US20090325114A1 (en) * 2008-06-27 2009-12-31 Empire Comfort Systems, Inc. Atmospheric Burner for Gas Log Fireplace Producing Stage Combustion and Yellow Chemiluminescent Flame
US20100279236A1 (en) * 2009-05-04 2010-11-04 Burn Booster Oy Device for intensifying a flame
CN102829477A (zh) * 2012-09-24 2012-12-19 济南同智创新科技有限公司 一种制氢转化炉烧嘴
EP3441671A1 (en) * 2014-04-22 2019-02-13 Universal City Studios LLC System and method for generating flame effect

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4084934A (en) * 1972-02-05 1978-04-18 Mitsubishi Precision Co., Ltd. Combustion apparatus
RO60886A2 (xx) * 1974-03-21 1976-10-15
DE3939943C2 (de) * 1989-12-02 1999-02-25 Ruhrgas Ag Vormischbrenner und Verfahren zum Betreiben des Brenners
DK183490A (da) * 1990-08-01 1992-02-02 Niels Bjarne Kampp Rasmussen Kedel til forbraending af findelt braendsel, der ved opvarmning i det mindste delvis forgasses
DE4439619A1 (de) * 1994-11-05 1996-05-09 Abb Research Ltd Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betrieb eines Vormischbrenners

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3009787A (en) * 1958-12-01 1961-11-21 Continental Carbon Co Apparatus for making carbon black
US3060003A (en) * 1959-07-16 1962-10-23 United Carbon Company Inc Process and apparatus for producing carbon black
US3222131A (en) * 1960-07-04 1965-12-07 Ashland Oil Inc Preparation of carbon black
US3290120A (en) * 1964-03-02 1966-12-06 Ashland Oil Inc Apparatus for the production of carbon black

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3009787A (en) * 1958-12-01 1961-11-21 Continental Carbon Co Apparatus for making carbon black
US3060003A (en) * 1959-07-16 1962-10-23 United Carbon Company Inc Process and apparatus for producing carbon black
US3222131A (en) * 1960-07-04 1965-12-07 Ashland Oil Inc Preparation of carbon black
US3290120A (en) * 1964-03-02 1966-12-06 Ashland Oil Inc Apparatus for the production of carbon black

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3748082A (en) * 1970-06-01 1973-07-24 Air Liquide Sa Etude Exploit P Method for cracking and burning hydrocarbons
US3649206A (en) * 1970-06-01 1972-03-14 Air Liquide Apparatus for cracking and burning hydrocarbons
US4672143A (en) * 1985-11-08 1987-06-09 Mobil Oil Corporation Flame reactor for cracking hydrocarbons
US4672144A (en) * 1985-11-08 1987-06-09 Mobil Oil Corporation Flame conversion of methane to more reactive hydrocarbons
USRE34785E (en) * 1986-03-17 1994-11-15 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process for lubricating a surface such as a mould for the manufacture of a glass object
US8454354B2 (en) * 2008-05-08 2013-06-04 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Highly radiative burner and combustion process
US20090280444A1 (en) * 2008-05-08 2009-11-12 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Highly Radiative Burner and Combustion Process
US20090325114A1 (en) * 2008-06-27 2009-12-31 Empire Comfort Systems, Inc. Atmospheric Burner for Gas Log Fireplace Producing Stage Combustion and Yellow Chemiluminescent Flame
US8277214B2 (en) * 2009-05-04 2012-10-02 Burn Booster Oy Device for intensifying a flame
US20100279236A1 (en) * 2009-05-04 2010-11-04 Burn Booster Oy Device for intensifying a flame
CN102829477A (zh) * 2012-09-24 2012-12-19 济南同智创新科技有限公司 一种制氢转化炉烧嘴
EP3441671A1 (en) * 2014-04-22 2019-02-13 Universal City Studios LLC System and method for generating flame effect
US11029023B2 (en) 2014-04-22 2021-06-08 Universal City Studios Llc System and method for generating flame effect

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1091380A (en) 1967-11-15
DE1501965B2 (de) 1978-09-07
FR89711E (fr) 1967-08-04
DE1501965A1 (de) 1970-01-15
BE680300A (xx) 1966-10-31
NL6606016A (xx) 1966-11-07
NL145942B (nl) 1975-05-15

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