US3448338A - Stage lighting control units - Google Patents

Stage lighting control units Download PDF

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Publication number
US3448338A
US3448338A US560291A US3448338DA US3448338A US 3448338 A US3448338 A US 3448338A US 560291 A US560291 A US 560291A US 3448338D A US3448338D A US 3448338DA US 3448338 A US3448338 A US 3448338A
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Prior art keywords
lighting
track
channel
memory element
active
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Frederick Percy Bentham
Phillip Robert Sheridan
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/10—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using selector switches
    • G05B19/106—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using selector switches for selecting a programme, variable or parameter
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/12—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using record carriers
    • G05B19/16—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using record carriers using magnetic record carriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/155—Coordinated control of two or more light sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/20—Pc systems
    • G05B2219/23—Pc programming
    • G05B2219/23204—Reference in coded form
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/20—Pc systems
    • G05B2219/23—Pc programming
    • G05B2219/23421—Record program on tape, disk, memory

Definitions

  • a stage lighting control unit operated by a signal generator which writes into a digital memory store, a master fader unit which senses the stored information, digitalanalogue converters, and a bank of dimmers and corresponding display lamps responsive to the stored information read after being converted to analogue form.
  • This invention relates to stage lighting control units.
  • the present invention makes use of memory storage techniques to provide a flexible and practicable control unit for stage lighting.
  • a stage lighting control unit comprises a memory store including a plurality of lighting effect memory elements each capable of storing, for a particular lighting cue, dimmer control signals corresponding to the dimmer levels necessary in the various lighting channels to produce a desired lighting effect, control means for selectively modifying the dimmer control signals in any chosen memory element to correspond to the dimmer levels producing a desired lighting effect which is to be stored in that memory element, a master fader to control the output of any chosen memory element to set the dimmer levels applied to the various lighting circuits in dependence upon the corresponding dimmer control signals in the chosen memory element, and display means whereby the dimmer level applied to each of the various lighting circuits in a given lighting cue is presented visually in response to the dimmer control signals in the memory element appropriate t0 the given lighting cue.
  • the control unit preferably includes an active memory provided to act as intermediate storage means for information being written into and read out of the memory store, and this active memory advantageously comprises two individual active memory elements which are interchangably connectible respectively to write into and read out of the memory store.
  • this active memory advantageously comprises two individual active memory elements which are interchangably connectible respectively to write into and read out of the memory store.
  • cross-fading means are provided to effect the interchanging. In some circumstances it is advisable to provide isolation of the reading active memory element from the memory store.
  • writing of information into the memory store is effected by a keyboard which for each lighting circuit is provided with a corresponding tWo-way switch means for increasing or decreasing the dimmer control signal appropriate to that circuit.
  • the display unit then includes a plurality of display elements each positionally associated with a corresponding switch means, each display element being adapted to give a visual indication of the corresponding dimmer level stored in the memory element currently being read out of the memory store into the master dimmer. To increase the usefulness of the display unit it may be adapted also to give a visual indication of the corresponding dimmer levels stored in the memory element next to be read out of the memory store into the master dimmer.
  • a signal to be displayed in a display element to signify that rewriting of a memory element is necessary in consequence of an unrecorded change in dimmer setting of the corresponding lighting circuit.
  • This signal may consist of a separate lamp, or may be provided by flashing the existing visual display signal.
  • control unit The basic elements of the control unit are a magnetic recording drum assembly 1, -a control keyboard, of which a portion is represented at 2 and which has associated visual display means one of which is indicated at 3, and a master fader generally indicated at 4.
  • the recording drum assembly constitutes a memoiy store provided with lighting effect memory tracks and three active memory tracks A, B and C.
  • Each lighting effect memory track provides two lighting effect memory elements, each occupying of the track.
  • each lighting effect memory element contains 301 digital words.
  • the first word represents the identity of the particular element, and is a permanent marking, protected from erasure or obliteration by suitable inhibiting circuitry.
  • Each of the remaining 300 Words represents the lighting level, from zero to full illumination, of a corresponding lighting channel.
  • the code used for the lighting level signals is a phase-modulated 5-bit binary code, giving OFF, FULL-ON and thirty intermediate levels.
  • a writing and reading unit 46 The selection of a given lighting effect memory element defined by the multiplicity of write and read lines schematically shown at 5, and the performance of a read or write operation between the selected memory element and the active tracks is carried out by a writing and reading unit 46.
  • This unit also includes inhibiting circuits to prevent erasure of the first word in each memory element.
  • a selective switching network 7 linked to the master fader 4 serves to route information from any given one of the active tracks into the unit 6 or from the unit 6 into either the A or the B active track via read and write lines diagrammatically shown at 7.
  • the cross-over switch 7a is provided on the leads from the A and B track heads to allow instantaneous interchange of the functions of the two tracks.
  • the output from the A and B tracks passes via the network 7 along lines 8a and 8b, via amplifiers 9a and 9b to gates 10a and 10b.
  • the gates 10a, 10b convert the 301 words on the single line 8a and 8b respectively, into 301 words each on a corresponding channel line 11a, 11b respectively.
  • the first of the 301 words is fed to a digital indicator 12a, 12b which indicates which lighting effect memory element has been written into the A and B active tracks respectively.
  • Each of the remaining 300 words on each of the two active tracks A and B passes along its corresponding channel line 11a, 11b in its digital form. This is unsuitable for operating dimmers, and consequently a digital-to-analogue converter 13a, 13b is provided in each channel line.
  • each key includes two such indicator lamps, which may conveniently be distinguished by means of coloured filters, and which represent the A and B track signals respectively.
  • the other output from each of the converters 13a, 13b feeds a continuous D.C. analogue signal to corresponding master amplifier 14a, 14b.
  • the amplification factor of the 300 A master amplifiers on the one hand and of the 300 B master ampliers on the other hand is governed by the master fader 4.
  • This consists of four variable resistors, two of which, 15a and 15b are normally in use, and are independently variable.
  • the other two variable resistors 16a and 16b are ganged together so that when the resistance of either is a maximum that of the other is a minimum.
  • variable resistors are all connected at one end to a reference potential V, and two poles of a three-pole switch 17a, b, c, are arranged to connect the moving contacts of one of the pairs of variable resistors 15a, 15b or 16a, 16b to master amplifier control leads 18a, 18b respectively.
  • the moving contact of 15a is at a maximum potential and that of 15b is at a minimum potential and, since these resistors are coupled by the switch 17 to the leads 18a, 18b, the amplifiers 14a will give a maximum amplification while the amplifiers 14b will give a minimum (in the present case zero) amplification.
  • Coupling is provided between the master fader 4 and the network 7 to control the connection of the A, B and C tracks to unit 6 during a read or write operation in accordance with the state of the in-use master fader variable resistors and the nature of the operation. In normal use of the control unit these resistors are adjusted as shown, with one at zero and the other at a finite level, -generally its maximum position. In these circumstances, during a read operation, the A or B track is selected according to whether the A or B resistor respectively is at zero. If for any reason, both in-use master fader resistors are set at zero, then during the read operation the A track is automatically selected.
  • the A or B track is selected vaccording to whether the B or A resistor respectively is at zero.
  • the C track is selected for writing by the network 7.
  • the nature of the network 7 is such that the C track can only be connected to write information into the unit 6 and not to receive information from it.
  • the coupling between the master faders also acts during normal use to render either the A or the B track into a state which will, for reasons later apparent, be referred to as live.
  • live When one in-use resistor is set at maximum and the other is at zero then the track mastered at maximum is livef This state persists until the role of the in-use resistors has been completely reversed, when the live function is transferred to the track which was previously mastered at zero.
  • the outputs of the amplifiers 14a and 14b pass along the channel lines 11a and 11b to a comparison unit generally indicated at 19.
  • the comparison is effected by diodes 20a and 20b connected at one end to the corresponding channel lines 11a and 11b and at the other to a common channel line 21. Whichever channel line is carrying the higher signal the corresponding diode passes that signal which, when it appears at the line 21, biasses off the other diode.
  • the resistors 15a, 15b are set as shown the output of amplifier 14a will pass to line 21 and the diode 20b will be biased off.
  • the comparison unit also includes a summing circuit 22, energisable from a supply via switch pole 17o, whose two inputs are fed from the channel lines 11a, 11b and whose output is connected via a diode 20c whose polarity is the same as diodes 20a, 20b to the common channel line 21.
  • a summing circuit energised its output cannot fall below either of the channel line signals and in this event the diodes 20a, 2017 will both be biased off and the output on the line 21 will in all such cases correspond to the output of circuit 22.
  • Each of the 300 lines 21 from the 300 corresponding comparison circuits passes to the corresponding channel of the bank 23 of dimmers.
  • the 300 lines 21 are also connected to the 300 inputs of a scanning circuit 24 whose signal output is connected via a switch 25 to one input of a summing amplifier 26.
  • the other input of the summing amplifier 26 is connected to receive signals from tht 300 keys 27 of keyboard 2.
  • Each switch 27 is a two-pole, two-way device, having a neutral off position.
  • the moving contact 27a of each switch 27 is connected to the second input of the summing amplier 26, and the two associated fixed contacts are connected to reference positive and negative sources respectively.
  • Tht first input of the summing amplifier 26 is alternatively eonnectible by means of the switch 25 to the moving contact of a potentiometer 28.
  • each switch 27 is connected to a channel select unit 29 operating at clock frequency to search for depressed keys and which in turn is connected to one input of a scanner control unit 30.
  • a scanner control unit 30 'I'ht fixed contacts associated with contact 27b are both connected to a negative potential source.
  • the contact 27b causes the channel selector 29 to register the depression of that particular key and also effects stopping of the unit 29 to hold on the channel whose key has been depressed.
  • the scanner control 30 then operates the scanner 24 to select the channel corresponding to the depressed key. Then, when the switch 25 is in the illustrated position, the signal on the line 21 is fed to the first input of the summing amplifier 26.
  • the output from amplifier 26 is fed successively to an analoguedigital converter 31 and a read-out unit 32, each of these latter being synchronized by the output from the scanner control 30.
  • the output from the readout unit 32 is fed to the switching network 7 via a wipe amplifier 33.
  • the network 7 normally switches the output from 32 on to either the A or B channel whichever is live in dependenct on the master controls but will switch it into the C track if the resistors are not in the normal state.
  • Extra contacts 27c indicated in the switches 27 are connected to the corresponding display units 3 so that when any switch has been operated the indicator lamp representing the live track in the display unit corresponding to the operated switch is caused to flash intermittently, thus providing an indication to the operator of when it is necessary to rewrite an effect into the memory store.
  • unit ⁇ 6 is operated to select lighting memory element No. 1 and actuated to Write the sequence of signals from the line of active track into that memory element.
  • the action of writing also causes cancelling of the ashing of the indicator lamps.
  • the second lighting effect of the programme can now be set up, using the same live ⁇ active track as previously and when this second lighting effect is satisfactory it is recorded in lighting memory element No.
  • a speed control 34 is provided to slow down the operation of the scanner control 30.
  • the rate of change of lighting channel signal will be halved.
  • the stored lighting programme is normally used in the following manner. Assuming that track A is the live active track, and is set with all channels at zero, then all stage lights are extinguished. At the same time, the operation of network 7 is such that track B is arranged to receive signals from unit 6. In order to set up the first lighting combination on stage the contents of memory element No. 1 on the drum are duplicated in track B via unit 6 and network 7, and then the functions of tracks A and B are reversed, making B the live track, with the result that the on-Stage lighting is now controlled by the Isignals on track B. Thus the stage lighting now corresponds to the signals stored in memory element No. 1. Track A is of course now in its turn in position to receive signals from the memory element. To continue the lighting programme, the contacts of memory element No.
  • the actual method of interchanging the functions of the A and B tracks varies according to the type of changeover required.
  • theswitch 7a is used, giving a simple change from A live to B live and vice versa.
  • a rapid change-over is not always required, and provision for a gradual change is made by means of the ganged resistances 16a and 16b.
  • the summing circuit 22 is energised and the output in each channel is equal to the sum of the outputs of the two corresponding master amplifiers 14a and 14b.
  • each lighting channel changes over from the first live channel value to the succeeding live channel value at a point when the falling mastered signal from the first channel drops below the rising mastered signal from the succeeding channel.
  • each channel lamp will fall in intensity from its first value until the corresponding change-over takes place, after which it will rise to its succeeding value.
  • the use of the C active track will be considered.
  • writing of information is effected automatically into track C when the normal adjustment of the master controls does not obtain.
  • the output on each line 21 will depend on the two corresponding signals on the A and B active tracks respectively, and the combination of signals so presented on the lines 21 will be recorded on track C.
  • the synthesis of the two tracks may be effected either by taking the higher value of the two mastered signals appropriate to the given line 21, using the resistances m, 15b, or alternatively, by taking the sum of the mastered values by using the cross-fade resistances 16a, 16h.
  • the signals on tack C can be transferred via network 7 and unit 6 to a desired lighting effect memory element without interference to the signals on the A and B tracks. It Will be seen that by use of the C track, a series of lighting effects corresponding to a step-wise transition between any two given lighting combinations can be recorded in the memory store. The C track is not used to control the dimmers 23 directly.
  • a stage lighting control unit comprising in combination:
  • a dimmer control signal generator having an output which is connectible to the write line corresponding to said active memory element, said generator, when said output is so connected, operating continuously to modify the contents of the active element thereby defining a sequence of dimmer control signals in said active memory element for storage in a corresponding lighting effect memory element from said plurality thereof,
  • a stage lighting control unit as claimed in claim 1 in which are provided two continuously modifiable active memory elements, said two active memory elements Abeing alternatively connectible to said lighting effect memory elements, said output of said dimmer control signal generator also being alternatively connectible to either of said two active memory elements and said input of said master fader unit being connected to the read line of the active memory element of which said output of said dimmer control signal generator is connected at any time.
  • a stage lighting control unit as claimed in claim 2 in which said display means are connected to master amplifier units to indicate the concurrent dimmer signals in both active memory elements.
  • a stage limghting control unit as claimed in claim 2 in which the display means is connected to said master amplifier unit and to said dimmer control signal generator and thereby displays a distinctive condition signifying when a dimmer control signal in the active memory element concurrently controlled by the signal generator has been modified prior to its transfer into its corresponding lighting effect memory element.
  • a stage lighting control unit as claimed in claim 6 including a plurality of comparison circuits each having two inputs and a common output, the two inputs of each comparison circuit being connected to the outputs of two corresponding channel master amplifiers from the two master amplifier units and the common output being connected to the corresponding dimmer.
  • a stage lighting control unit as claimed in claim 7 comprising a digital memory store, dimmers controlled by analogue information, and digital-analogue converters in said signal sequence generator and masterv amplifier units.
  • a stage lighting control unit as claimed in claim 7 in which there is provided numerical display means connected to an output line of each gate in said master amplifier units for receiving an identifying signal from said digital memory Store and displaying a numerical indication of the memory elements currently associated with the active memory elements.
  • a stage lighting control unit comprising in combination: t
  • a dimmer control signal generator having an output which is connectible to the write line corresponding to said active memory element for continuously modifying the contents of the active element independently of and without affecting, the contents of the lighting effect memory element with which it is concurrently associated by said selective switching means, to define a desired sequence of dimmer control signals in said active memory element

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
US560291A 1965-06-28 1966-06-24 Stage lighting control units Expired - Lifetime US3448338A (en)

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GB27314/65A GB1083408A (en) 1965-06-28 1965-06-28 Stage lighting control units

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3508114A (en) * 1967-07-25 1970-04-21 Asea Ab Automatic program controlled stage lighting system
US3521124A (en) * 1967-09-15 1970-07-21 Nat Res Dev Apparatus for producing automatic lamp intensity control voltages
US3534224A (en) * 1968-10-07 1970-10-13 Skirpan Electronics Inc Control apparatus for electronic dimmers
US3579030A (en) * 1967-05-03 1971-05-18 Strand Electric & Engineering Stage lighting control unit
US3706914A (en) * 1972-01-03 1972-12-19 George F Van Buren Lighting control system
US3763394A (en) * 1971-09-03 1973-10-02 S Blanchard Stage lighting systems
US3784874A (en) * 1971-12-23 1974-01-08 Dynamic Technology Ltd Lighting control systems
US3784875A (en) * 1971-05-07 1974-01-08 Rank Organisation Ltd Stage lighting control units
US3845351A (en) * 1970-03-05 1974-10-29 Ballmoos F Von Method and apparatus for the adjustment of a plurality of floodlights
US3898643A (en) * 1971-04-18 1975-08-05 Adrian Ettlinger Electronic display controlled stage lighting system
US4213182A (en) * 1978-12-06 1980-07-15 General Electric Company Programmable energy load controller system and methods
US4511895A (en) * 1979-10-30 1985-04-16 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for controlling distributed electrical loads
US4550276A (en) * 1982-06-14 1985-10-29 Michael Callahan Buss structures for multiscene manual lighting consoles
US4697227A (en) * 1982-11-19 1987-09-29 Michael Callahan Control system for variable parameter fixtures
US4797795A (en) * 1982-11-19 1989-01-10 Michael Callahan Control system for variable parameter lighting fixtures
US5572705A (en) * 1991-10-22 1996-11-05 Cae, Inc. Synchronous phase tracking parallel electronic timing generator

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2939372A (en) * 1956-09-13 1960-06-07 Unicorn Engineering Corp Automatic fade device
US3004193A (en) * 1958-08-22 1961-10-10 Strand Electric And Engineerin Control of lighting for variable effect
US3060347A (en) * 1957-12-19 1962-10-23 Superior Electric Co Illuminating control apparatus and method
US3147469A (en) * 1961-12-06 1964-09-01 Hazeltine Research Inc Numeral display having plural electrode control of character fragments
US3207949A (en) * 1961-11-06 1965-09-21 Techuicolor Corp Printer light intensity control circuit
US3221214A (en) * 1959-09-08 1965-11-30 Century Lighting Inc Lighting control system
US3265932A (en) * 1963-03-21 1966-08-09 Asea Ab Automatic control equipment for a stage lighting system

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2939372A (en) * 1956-09-13 1960-06-07 Unicorn Engineering Corp Automatic fade device
US3060347A (en) * 1957-12-19 1962-10-23 Superior Electric Co Illuminating control apparatus and method
US3004193A (en) * 1958-08-22 1961-10-10 Strand Electric And Engineerin Control of lighting for variable effect
US3221214A (en) * 1959-09-08 1965-11-30 Century Lighting Inc Lighting control system
US3207949A (en) * 1961-11-06 1965-09-21 Techuicolor Corp Printer light intensity control circuit
US3147469A (en) * 1961-12-06 1964-09-01 Hazeltine Research Inc Numeral display having plural electrode control of character fragments
US3265932A (en) * 1963-03-21 1966-08-09 Asea Ab Automatic control equipment for a stage lighting system

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3579030A (en) * 1967-05-03 1971-05-18 Strand Electric & Engineering Stage lighting control unit
US3508114A (en) * 1967-07-25 1970-04-21 Asea Ab Automatic program controlled stage lighting system
US3521124A (en) * 1967-09-15 1970-07-21 Nat Res Dev Apparatus for producing automatic lamp intensity control voltages
US3534224A (en) * 1968-10-07 1970-10-13 Skirpan Electronics Inc Control apparatus for electronic dimmers
US3845351A (en) * 1970-03-05 1974-10-29 Ballmoos F Von Method and apparatus for the adjustment of a plurality of floodlights
US3898643A (en) * 1971-04-18 1975-08-05 Adrian Ettlinger Electronic display controlled stage lighting system
US3784875A (en) * 1971-05-07 1974-01-08 Rank Organisation Ltd Stage lighting control units
US3763394A (en) * 1971-09-03 1973-10-02 S Blanchard Stage lighting systems
US3784874A (en) * 1971-12-23 1974-01-08 Dynamic Technology Ltd Lighting control systems
US3706914A (en) * 1972-01-03 1972-12-19 George F Van Buren Lighting control system
US4213182A (en) * 1978-12-06 1980-07-15 General Electric Company Programmable energy load controller system and methods
US4511895A (en) * 1979-10-30 1985-04-16 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for controlling distributed electrical loads
US4550276A (en) * 1982-06-14 1985-10-29 Michael Callahan Buss structures for multiscene manual lighting consoles
US4697227A (en) * 1982-11-19 1987-09-29 Michael Callahan Control system for variable parameter fixtures
US4797795A (en) * 1982-11-19 1989-01-10 Michael Callahan Control system for variable parameter lighting fixtures
US5572705A (en) * 1991-10-22 1996-11-05 Cae, Inc. Synchronous phase tracking parallel electronic timing generator

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DE1590613A1 (de) 1970-06-25
GB1083408A (en) 1967-09-13

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