US3448055A - Aluminum alloy deoxidizing-desmutting composition and method - Google Patents

Aluminum alloy deoxidizing-desmutting composition and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3448055A
US3448055A US444404A US3448055DA US3448055A US 3448055 A US3448055 A US 3448055A US 444404 A US444404 A US 444404A US 3448055D A US3448055D A US 3448055DA US 3448055 A US3448055 A US 3448055A
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United States
Prior art keywords
acid
water
solution
deoxidizing
desmutting
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Expired - Lifetime
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US444404A
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Inventor
Floyd L Mickelson
Arthur G Wilde Jr
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Diversey Wyandotte Corp
Diversey Corp USA
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Diversey Corp USA
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Assigned to DIVERSEY WYANDOTTE CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE. reassignment DIVERSEY WYANDOTTE CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: DIVERSEY CORPORATION THE
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
    • C23G1/12—Light metals
    • C23G1/125—Light metals aluminium

Definitions

  • compositions for, and methods of, deoxidizing and desmutting aluminum based alloys contain nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid and a fluorinated hydrophobic surfactant.
  • smut This material is dust-like and loosely held on the surface and often can b ea'sily rubbd'otf.
  • the composition ofthe smut varies with the alloy but generally is composed of the oxides of the alloying metals, including silicon oxide, as well as aluminum oxide and those metallic compounds that do not dissolv'eduring the etching. The smut dulls the metal surface and, if not removed, subsequent deposits of che-mical conversion coatings, such as chromate coatings or paint applications, will not be uniform and will be loosely held where the smut is not removed.
  • Chromic acid type deoxidizers have also been tried to remove smut but they leave behind coii'siderable smut which prevents formation of an acceptable-chemical conversion coating on the surface, such as. 'chromateiconversion coatings which are often applied to aluminum alloy casting surfaces.
  • novel compositions which can be used to treat the sui'faees of aluminum based alloy castings, particularly such castings of aluminum containing a high silicon content, to produce deoxidized, smut free surfacesl simultaneously.
  • the resultfig surfaces are particularly-suitable for the application thereto of chemical conversio'n coatings, such as of the chromate type, for anodizing. the surface of the aluminum casting or for subsequent electroplating processes.
  • novel solutions provided by this invention dissolve oxides'and surface impurities that constitute smut without detrimentally attacking the aluminum base alloy metal. Previously, all solutions used that were active enough to deoxidize and prepare the surface for subsequent treatment detrirnentally attacked the base metal.
  • Solutions that are particularly useful, according to the subject invention, but which need not contain phosphoric acid can have the following composition:
  • Solutions containing phosphoric acid which are particularly useful in this invention can have the following compositions:
  • the surfactant is optional but advisably included in the solutions.
  • a surfactarft permits a fast rinsing and thus prevents discolorations and streaking which may be encountered in the rinse tank due to momentary dilution and possible etching by dragged-out desmutting solutions.
  • Any suitable surfactant which is stable in the desmutting solution can be used.
  • a particularly suitable surfactant is the anionic surfactant having a completely fluorinated hydrophobic tail group and solubilizing group known as Fluorochemical FQ-95 which is commercially available. United States Patent No. 2,732,398 discloses such fluorocarbon surfactants.
  • Fluorochemical FC-95 has the following solubility in grams per 1000 grams of solvent at C.:
  • Solutions which can be used to desmut and deoxidize and providean aluminum surface highly receptive for receiving a chromate conversion coating or for anodization generally should have a ratio, on an anhydrous acid basis, of about 1 part by weight of sulfuric acid to about 0.1 to 6 partsby weight of nitric acid, and advisably about 1 part by weight of sulfuric acid to about 0.3 to 3.0 parts by weight of nitric acid.
  • a ratio on an anhydrous acid basis, of about 1 part by weight of sulfuric acid to about 0.1 to 6 partsby weight of nitric acid, and advisably about 1 part by weight of sulfuric acid to about 0.3 to 3.0 parts by weight of nitric acid.
  • the ratio should be 1 part of sulfuric acid to about 0.5 to 2.0 parts by weight of nitric acid. The best results, however, are generally obtained when the amount by weight of nitric acid is greater than the weight of sulfuric acid. It is furthermore considered that the optimum ratio is about 1 part by weight of sulfuric acid on an anhydrous basis to 1.10 parts by weight of nitric acid on an anhydrous basis.
  • the fluoride ion can be supplied in the solutions by use of hydrofluoric acid or a suitable fluoride salt.
  • hydrofluoric acid is considered to encompass the resulting acids acids formed by the utilization of salts in the solutions to provide the needed hydrofluoric acid.
  • Hydrofluoric acid 1.30 Surfactant containing a fluorinated hydrophobic group 0-1 Water, balance to with the percentage of acids being on an anhydrous basis.
  • Hydrofluoric acid 1.20 Surfactant containing a fluorinated hydrophobic group 0.02
  • the casting can be treated to apply a chromate conversion coating.
  • the casting can be first cleaned in an alkaline cleaner to remove oils, greases and mold lubricating materials, the casting rinsed with water and the part then given an etch in an alkali etching bath followed -by a rinse in clear water.
  • An etching bath containing 4 ounces of alkali per gallon at a temperature of 140 F. will generally etch adequately in 3 minutes.
  • the casting can be dipped into a desmuttingdeoxidizing solution as provided by this invention, generally for at least 4 minutes, followed by a rinse in clean water.
  • the casting can be placed in a chromate conversion coating solution of conventional composition, ,then removed and rinsed with clear water and the casting dried, advisably in a current of warm air.
  • Still another alternative preparation which can be used comprises treating the casting with a phosphoric acid etching and cleaning bath followed by a rinsein clear water, next treating the casting with a caustic etch bath followed by a water rinse and then subjecting the casting to a novel solution as provided herewith. After that, the casting can be rinsed with water, the part given a conventional chromate conversion coating, followed by a water rinse andthen dried with blown air. Drying of the wet casting with a strong current of air reduces the possibility of streaking.
  • Any suitable, conventional chromate conversion coating can be applied to aluminum based alloy products after being treated with the solutions of this invention.
  • the chromate conversion coatings adhere excellently to the metal after such treatment and provide a superior base upon which to apply paint.
  • Chromate conversion coatings applied to objects treated with these solutions are uniform coatings, golden in color, and do not shift in shade significantly.
  • the quality of a chromate conversion coating can be determined by the salt-spray method, as given in ASTM-B-l17-62. Using this test, very excellent results have been obtained with chromate conversion coatings applied to aluminum allow surfaces treated with the desmutting-deoxidizing solutions of this invention.
  • a deoxidizing solution was prepared to contain:
  • Percent by weight A casting of 380 aluminum alloy high in silicon content was cleaned in a 3 oz./gal. concentration non-etch alkaline cleaner at 170 F., and then rinsed. The casting was next immersed in the deoxidizing solution, which was at 750 F., for 4 minutes and then rinsed in clear water. Only a very slight etching was discernible. The casting was then treated with the chromate conversion coating solution, rinsed with water and dried in a stream of warm air. The result was a uniform golden chromate coating with no streaking or shades of other colors. This coating had good corrosion resistance and paint adhesion.
  • a deoxidizing solution was prepared to contain:
  • Castings of 380 and 360 aluminum alloys high in silicon were first treated with a 15% phosphoric acid clean ing and etching solution and then rinsed in clear water. The next treatment was with a 4 oz./gal. concentration of caustic e'tch solution at F. for 2 minutes followed by a clear water rinse. Then the castings were immersed in the deoxidizing solution of the above composition at L F. for 5 minutes. No etching occurred during the treatment. The stings were rinsed in cleapwater and then dipped into the conventional chromate conversion coating solution at 75 F. for 2 minutes. The parts were rinsed and dried in a current of warm air. An excellent uniform, golden chromate conversion coating was obtained.
  • EXAMPLE 4 The formulations of Table 1 show variations in ratio of nitric acid to sulfuric acid which gave good desmutting and deoxidizing in less than 10 minutes. The peroentages of acids are given on an anhydrous basis. Castings of type 380 high silicon aluminum alloy were used in all the tests and, in addition, alloys 360 and 13 were used in solution formulation 3. The castings were pretreated as in Example 2 before treatment with the desmutting and deoxidizing solutions. The castings were subsequently given a chromate coating and examined.
  • Mixture A can consist of an aqueous solution of the following composition:
  • Mixture B can consist of a mixture containing a source of active fluoride ion. It can be a liquid or dry mixture.
  • a dry mixture can have the following composition:
  • a liquid type mixture B can have the composition: h
  • a preferred Mixture A can have the composition:
  • a preferred dry Mixture B can have the composition:
  • deoxidizing-desmutting solution 5 ounces of the preferred dry Mixture B can be added to 1 gallon of preferred Mixture A.
  • a deoxidizing-desmutting solusion prepared in this way gave good results with No. 380, No. 360, and No. 13 aluminum alloy castings. Desmutting was achieved in 4 to 5 minutes and a chromate conversion coating that was subsequently applied firmly adhered and had a good golden color.
  • Compositons of the Mixture B type can also be used as make up additives in deoxidizing-desmutting solutions depleted of fluoride ions through use.
  • a solution for deoxidizing and desmutting an aluminum based alloy object consisting essentially of:
  • a solution for deoxidizing and desmutting an aluminum based alloy object consisting essentially of:
  • a solution according to claim 6 containing at least 0.8% of hydrofluoric acid.
  • a solution for deoxidizing and desmutting an aluminum based alloy object consisting essentially of:
  • a solution for deoxidizing and desmutting an aluminum based alloy object consisting of:
  • a solution for deoxidizing and desmutting an aluminum based alloy object consisting of:
  • a package for shipping for deoxidizing and desmutting an aluminum based alloy object consisting essentially of a first portion having about the following composition:
  • the two portions are adaptable to being mixed together to form a solution suitable for simultaneously deoxidizing and desmutting the surface of an aluminum based object by immersing said object in said solution.
  • composition for use in solution as make up additive for deoxidizing and desmutting the surface of an aluminum based alloy object having about the following ingredients Percent by weight Ammonium bifiuoride 60.000 Sodium silicotluoride 39.995
  • compositions should be composition T Column 4, line 12, delete "acids”.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
US444404A 1965-03-31 1965-03-31 Aluminum alloy deoxidizing-desmutting composition and method Expired - Lifetime US3448055A (en)

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BE (1) BE678552A (fr)
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GB (1) GB1132276A (fr)

Cited By (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3645790A (en) * 1969-02-17 1972-02-29 Hooker Chemical Corp Composition and process for cleaning metal
US3663327A (en) * 1969-08-13 1972-05-16 Chemed Corp Formulation and method for brightening aluminum
US3715250A (en) * 1971-03-29 1973-02-06 Gen Instrument Corp Aluminum etching solution
US3767491A (en) * 1970-10-27 1973-10-23 Cogar Corp Process for etching metals employing ultrasonic vibration
JPS5035032A (fr) * 1973-08-02 1975-04-03
US4002489A (en) * 1973-06-21 1977-01-11 Nyby Bruk Ab Method of pickling metallic material
US4009115A (en) * 1974-02-14 1977-02-22 Amchem Products, Inc. Composition and method for cleaning aluminum at low temperatures
US4111722A (en) * 1976-02-09 1978-09-05 Oxy Metal Industries Corporation Tannin treatment of aluminum with a fluoride cleaner
US4220706A (en) * 1978-05-10 1980-09-02 Rca Corporation Etchant solution containing HF-HnO3 -H2 SO4 -H2 O2
US4230523A (en) * 1978-12-29 1980-10-28 International Business Machines Corporation Etchant for silicon dioxide films disposed atop silicon or metallic silicides
US4230522A (en) * 1978-12-26 1980-10-28 Rockwell International Corporation PNAF Etchant for aluminum and silicon
US4314855A (en) * 1979-12-17 1982-02-09 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Method of cleaning test probes
USRE31198E (en) * 1974-02-14 1983-04-05 Amchem Products, Inc. Method for cleaning aluminum at low temperatures
US4477364A (en) * 1983-11-07 1984-10-16 Capetrol International, Inc. Acidic glass cleaning composition
WO1985001302A1 (fr) * 1983-09-16 1985-03-28 H.H. Robertson Company Procede de production de surfaces en aluminium stables aux conditions atmospheriques, permettant la peinture et le collage a l'aide d'adhesifs, et produits ainsi obtenus
US4614607A (en) * 1984-09-26 1986-09-30 The Boeing Company Non-chromated deoxidizer
USRE32661E (en) * 1974-02-14 1988-05-03 Amchem Products, Inc. Cleaning aluminum at low temperatures
US4883541A (en) * 1989-01-17 1989-11-28 Martin Marietta Corporation Nonchromate deoxidizer for aluminum alloys
US4940493A (en) * 1988-09-30 1990-07-10 Fred Neidiffer Aluminum cleaning composition and process
US4959105A (en) * 1988-09-30 1990-09-25 Fred Neidiffer Aluminium cleaning composition and process
US4970014A (en) * 1989-12-22 1990-11-13 Chem Shield, Inc. Aluminum cleaning and brightening composition and method of manufacture thereof
US5227016A (en) * 1992-02-25 1993-07-13 Henkel Corporation Process and composition for desmutting surfaces of aluminum and its alloys
US5279707A (en) * 1992-10-23 1994-01-18 Time Savers Die discoloration remover solution and method
US5669980A (en) * 1995-03-24 1997-09-23 Atotech Usa, Inc. Aluminum desmut composition and process
US5759618A (en) * 1997-02-27 1998-06-02 Diamond Seal, Inc. Glass coating cmposition and method of application
WO1998030652A1 (fr) * 1997-01-09 1998-07-16 Henkel Corporation Compositions de desoxydation/decapage a l'acide et procede correspondant pouvant etre applique a des surfaces verticales en aluminium
WO1998037987A1 (fr) * 1997-02-27 1998-09-03 Diamond Seal, Inc. Composition de revetement pour verre et procede d'application
US20070066503A1 (en) * 2005-08-19 2007-03-22 Mores Basaly Methods and compositions for acid treatment of a metal surface
US20160068968A1 (en) * 2014-09-09 2016-03-10 United Technologies Corporation STRIP PROCESS AND COMPOSITION FOR MCrAIY COATINGS AND A METHOD OF USING THE SAME
US20160131461A1 (en) * 2014-11-12 2016-05-12 Alcoa Inc. Coated substrate systems and methods
US20160319440A1 (en) * 2015-05-01 2016-11-03 Novelis Inc. Continuous coil pretreatment process
US20170028591A1 (en) * 2014-04-14 2017-02-02 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Mold, method for producing mold, anti-reflection film and method for producing anti-reflection film
US20180237919A1 (en) * 2015-09-15 2018-08-23 Chemetall Gmbh Pre-treating aluminum surfaces with zirconium-and molybdenum-containing compositions
ES2891136A1 (es) * 2020-07-13 2022-01-26 Chemplate Mat S L Método y composición para tratar aluminio y aleaciones de aluminio

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3742367A1 (de) * 1987-12-14 1989-06-22 Pelox Chemietechnik Gmbh Co Kg Beiz- und reinigungsmittel fuer metalloberflaechen

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US2337062A (en) * 1942-04-07 1943-12-21 Solar Aircraft Co Pickling solution and method
US2650157A (en) * 1947-12-31 1953-08-25 Aluminum Co Of America Brightening aluminum
US2732398A (en) * 1953-01-29 1956-01-24 cafiicfzsojk
US2762728A (en) * 1953-10-02 1956-09-11 Lyon Inc Steel pickling process
US2808542A (en) * 1953-12-28 1957-10-01 Gen Electric Foil for electrolytic condensers and process
US2981609A (en) * 1956-11-20 1961-04-25 United Aircraft Corp Etching bath for titanium and its alloys and process of etching
US3010854A (en) * 1954-12-31 1961-11-28 Armco Steel Corp Pickling solution and method
US3104167A (en) * 1960-02-11 1963-09-17 Philco Corp Method and solution for selectively stripping electroless nickel from a substrate
US3106499A (en) * 1959-05-11 1963-10-08 Rohr Corp Process and composition for cleaning and polishing aluminum and its alloys
US3119726A (en) * 1962-10-22 1964-01-28 Virginia Carolina Chem Corp Process and composition for brightening aluminum
US3194704A (en) * 1961-09-28 1965-07-13 Air Liquide Method for the preparation of aluminum filler wires for arc welding
US3230172A (en) * 1961-04-10 1966-01-18 Montedison Spa Pickling bath for stainless steel and process for the preparation thereof

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2337062A (en) * 1942-04-07 1943-12-21 Solar Aircraft Co Pickling solution and method
US2650157A (en) * 1947-12-31 1953-08-25 Aluminum Co Of America Brightening aluminum
US2732398A (en) * 1953-01-29 1956-01-24 cafiicfzsojk
US2762728A (en) * 1953-10-02 1956-09-11 Lyon Inc Steel pickling process
US2808542A (en) * 1953-12-28 1957-10-01 Gen Electric Foil for electrolytic condensers and process
US3010854A (en) * 1954-12-31 1961-11-28 Armco Steel Corp Pickling solution and method
US2981609A (en) * 1956-11-20 1961-04-25 United Aircraft Corp Etching bath for titanium and its alloys and process of etching
US3106499A (en) * 1959-05-11 1963-10-08 Rohr Corp Process and composition for cleaning and polishing aluminum and its alloys
US3104167A (en) * 1960-02-11 1963-09-17 Philco Corp Method and solution for selectively stripping electroless nickel from a substrate
US3230172A (en) * 1961-04-10 1966-01-18 Montedison Spa Pickling bath for stainless steel and process for the preparation thereof
US3194704A (en) * 1961-09-28 1965-07-13 Air Liquide Method for the preparation of aluminum filler wires for arc welding
US3119726A (en) * 1962-10-22 1964-01-28 Virginia Carolina Chem Corp Process and composition for brightening aluminum

Cited By (46)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3645790A (en) * 1969-02-17 1972-02-29 Hooker Chemical Corp Composition and process for cleaning metal
US3663327A (en) * 1969-08-13 1972-05-16 Chemed Corp Formulation and method for brightening aluminum
US3767491A (en) * 1970-10-27 1973-10-23 Cogar Corp Process for etching metals employing ultrasonic vibration
US3715250A (en) * 1971-03-29 1973-02-06 Gen Instrument Corp Aluminum etching solution
US4002489A (en) * 1973-06-21 1977-01-11 Nyby Bruk Ab Method of pickling metallic material
JPS545374B2 (fr) * 1973-08-02 1979-03-16
JPS5035032A (fr) * 1973-08-02 1975-04-03
US4009115A (en) * 1974-02-14 1977-02-22 Amchem Products, Inc. Composition and method for cleaning aluminum at low temperatures
USRE31198E (en) * 1974-02-14 1983-04-05 Amchem Products, Inc. Method for cleaning aluminum at low temperatures
USRE32661E (en) * 1974-02-14 1988-05-03 Amchem Products, Inc. Cleaning aluminum at low temperatures
US4111722A (en) * 1976-02-09 1978-09-05 Oxy Metal Industries Corporation Tannin treatment of aluminum with a fluoride cleaner
US4220706A (en) * 1978-05-10 1980-09-02 Rca Corporation Etchant solution containing HF-HnO3 -H2 SO4 -H2 O2
US4230522A (en) * 1978-12-26 1980-10-28 Rockwell International Corporation PNAF Etchant for aluminum and silicon
US4230523A (en) * 1978-12-29 1980-10-28 International Business Machines Corporation Etchant for silicon dioxide films disposed atop silicon or metallic silicides
US4314855A (en) * 1979-12-17 1982-02-09 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Method of cleaning test probes
WO1985001302A1 (fr) * 1983-09-16 1985-03-28 H.H. Robertson Company Procede de production de surfaces en aluminium stables aux conditions atmospheriques, permettant la peinture et le collage a l'aide d'adhesifs, et produits ainsi obtenus
US4477364A (en) * 1983-11-07 1984-10-16 Capetrol International, Inc. Acidic glass cleaning composition
US4614607A (en) * 1984-09-26 1986-09-30 The Boeing Company Non-chromated deoxidizer
US4940493A (en) * 1988-09-30 1990-07-10 Fred Neidiffer Aluminum cleaning composition and process
US4959105A (en) * 1988-09-30 1990-09-25 Fred Neidiffer Aluminium cleaning composition and process
US4883541A (en) * 1989-01-17 1989-11-28 Martin Marietta Corporation Nonchromate deoxidizer for aluminum alloys
US4970014A (en) * 1989-12-22 1990-11-13 Chem Shield, Inc. Aluminum cleaning and brightening composition and method of manufacture thereof
US5227016A (en) * 1992-02-25 1993-07-13 Henkel Corporation Process and composition for desmutting surfaces of aluminum and its alloys
US5279707A (en) * 1992-10-23 1994-01-18 Time Savers Die discoloration remover solution and method
US5669980A (en) * 1995-03-24 1997-09-23 Atotech Usa, Inc. Aluminum desmut composition and process
WO1998030652A1 (fr) * 1997-01-09 1998-07-16 Henkel Corporation Compositions de desoxydation/decapage a l'acide et procede correspondant pouvant etre applique a des surfaces verticales en aluminium
US5759618A (en) * 1997-02-27 1998-06-02 Diamond Seal, Inc. Glass coating cmposition and method of application
WO1998037987A1 (fr) * 1997-02-27 1998-09-03 Diamond Seal, Inc. Composition de revetement pour verre et procede d'application
US8518286B2 (en) 2005-08-19 2013-08-27 Houghton Technical Corp. Methods and compositons for acid treatment of a metal surface
EP1931817A2 (fr) * 2005-08-19 2008-06-18 Houghton Metal Finishing Company Procedes et compositions destines au traitement a l'acide d'une surface metallique
US20090090635A1 (en) * 2005-08-19 2009-04-09 Houghton Metal Finishing Company Methods and compositions for acid treatment of a metal surface
AU2006283664B2 (en) * 2005-08-19 2012-04-12 Houghton Technical Corp. Methods and compositions for acid treatment of a metal surface
US8252195B2 (en) 2005-08-19 2012-08-28 Houghton Technical Corp. Methods and compositions for acid treatment of a metal surface
US20070066503A1 (en) * 2005-08-19 2007-03-22 Mores Basaly Methods and compositions for acid treatment of a metal surface
US10260153B2 (en) 2005-08-19 2019-04-16 Houghton Technical Corp. Methods and compositions for acid treatment of a metal surface
US9732428B2 (en) 2005-08-19 2017-08-15 Houghton Technical Corp. Methods and compositions for acid treatment of a metal surface
US20170028591A1 (en) * 2014-04-14 2017-02-02 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Mold, method for producing mold, anti-reflection film and method for producing anti-reflection film
US10549458B2 (en) * 2014-04-14 2020-02-04 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Mold, method for producing mold, anti-reflection film and method for producing anti-reflection film
US9889631B2 (en) * 2014-09-09 2018-02-13 United Technologies Corporation Strip process and composition for MCrAlY coatings and a method of using the same
US20160068968A1 (en) * 2014-09-09 2016-03-10 United Technologies Corporation STRIP PROCESS AND COMPOSITION FOR MCrAIY COATINGS AND A METHOD OF USING THE SAME
US20160131461A1 (en) * 2014-11-12 2016-05-12 Alcoa Inc. Coated substrate systems and methods
US9939241B2 (en) * 2014-11-12 2018-04-10 Arconic Inc. Coated substrate systems and methods
US20160319440A1 (en) * 2015-05-01 2016-11-03 Novelis Inc. Continuous coil pretreatment process
US11807942B2 (en) * 2015-05-01 2023-11-07 Novelis Inc. Continuous coil pretreatment process
US20180237919A1 (en) * 2015-09-15 2018-08-23 Chemetall Gmbh Pre-treating aluminum surfaces with zirconium-and molybdenum-containing compositions
ES2891136A1 (es) * 2020-07-13 2022-01-26 Chemplate Mat S L Método y composición para tratar aluminio y aleaciones de aluminio

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CH458878A (fr) 1968-06-30
GB1132276A (en) 1968-10-30
BE678552A (fr) 1966-09-01

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