US3446649A - Developing electrostatic images with a liquid developer - Google Patents

Developing electrostatic images with a liquid developer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3446649A
US3446649A US394186A US3446649DA US3446649A US 3446649 A US3446649 A US 3446649A US 394186 A US394186 A US 394186A US 3446649D A US3446649D A US 3446649DA US 3446649 A US3446649 A US 3446649A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
sheet
developer
duct
developing
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US394186A
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English (en)
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Degenhardt
Gerhard Marx
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Azoplate Corp
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Azoplate Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Azoplate Corp filed Critical Azoplate Corp
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Publication of US3446649A publication Critical patent/US3446649A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
    • G03G15/101—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer for wetting the recording material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
    • G03G15/101—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer for wetting the recording material
    • G03G15/102—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer for wetting the recording material for differentially wetting the recording material

Definitions

  • FIG.2 DEVELOPING ELECTROSTATIC IMAGES WITH A LIQUID DEVELOPER Filed Sept. 5, 1964 FIG.2
  • the present invention relates to a process for developing electrostatic fields by means of a relative motion between the surface of a material carrying the electrostatic field and a wetting developer which is contained within a linear gap and is in contact with the aforementioned surface.
  • the present inVentiOn further relates to a device for carrying out this process.
  • Wetting developers are liquids, the composition of which is such that they wet the material to be developed only in the areas carrying an electrostatic field. Apart from the selection of the developing liquids, it is desirable in this process to apply the developing liquid to the material carrying the electrostatic field in such a way that a rapid wetting and development of the image areas is effected without applying too large'an amount of excess developer which could remain attached by purely mechanical adhesion and in an undesired manner even to those areas which should not be contacted with the developer.
  • the developing method should provide the possibility of producing reversal images by applying an additional potential during the developing process.
  • the developing device should be designed in such a way that, although the amount of developer required for covering the entire area is available, the developing liquid, which has a low viscosity, can not flow out of or down from the device.
  • a wetting developer is applied to a material carrying an electrostatic field from a thin, linear slot which may be in contact with the surface of the material with at least one of its boundary surfaces, and a relative motion is effected between the surface and the slot.
  • the present invention further includes a device for carrying out the above process, which device includes two substantially opposite boundary surfaces forming a duct in which the wetting developer is contained, the cross-section of the duct being one-dimensionally extended and the duct having at least one open end during the developing process, whereas the other end may be connected to a reservoir, if desired.
  • One advantage of the device of the present invention is that the design thereof is very simple and that there are no complicated moving parts. This results in an easy and simple mode of operation with an extremely low susceptibility to trouble. Further economical advantages result from the low maintenance costs thereof and its quick readiness for use. Through the process of the present invention, images of electric fields are obtained which exhibit very good covering power and sharp boundaries.
  • An electrostatic field is understood in the present invention to be a space which is considered from the point of view of its electrical properties and which surrounds an electrically effective body.
  • the space may be filled with gas or with solid bodies, it may, however, also be a vacuum.
  • An electric field is considered to extend over a certain region of space when the prevailing physical conditions guarantee that a small electrical test charge 2 would be exposed to a force K if it were brought to any point of that region of space.
  • Such an electrostatic field may, for example, be produced by providing an organic or inorganic photoconductive coating, known in electrophotography, with an electrostatic charge, differentiating the coating by imagewise exposure if desired.
  • Imagewise modified electrostatic fields may also be produced by imagewise exposure of a suitable coating which is simultaneously provided with a direct current voltage.
  • the basic principles of this method are described in the book Photoelectrets and the Electrophotographic Process by V. M. Fridkin and I. S. Zheludev (1961), Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 61-10020, and A. Kallman, B. Rosenberg: Persistent Internal Polarization Phys. Rev. 1955, pages 1596-1610.
  • FIGURES 1 and 2 show two embodiments respectively, of the device of the present invention in side elevation.
  • FIG. 1 is the simplest embodiment of the device.
  • a strip of thin material for example sheet metal or another elastic or plastic material, preferably having the Width of the sheets or webs to be developed and a height of approximately 10-100 mm. preferably 30-50 mm.
  • a shaped part 2 for instance a body fabricated from a plastic material or metal, in such a manner that the strip of material 1 is extended over the end of the tapered part 2.
  • This extension 3 may be 1.0-8.0 mm. long, preferably 2.0-5.0 mm.
  • Part 2 has a recess 4 which serves as a reservoir for the developing liquid.
  • a narrow tapered recess 5 which is preferably provided with grooves is cut vertically into the front of part 2 which is in contact with the flexible material 1.
  • the recess 5 is intended to serve as a resistance to the free fiow of the developing liquid.
  • the flexible material 1 is secured to part 2.
  • the flexible material 1 If the device of the invention is moved, in the direction indicated by the arrow, across the surface 10 carrying the electrostatic field, the flexible material 1 is slightly lifted off the tapered part 2, and developing liquid can flow through the now formed duct 6 to the lower part 7 of the device. The material 1 and the liquid are thereby in direct surface contact with the area to be developed.
  • FIG. 1 shows the device ready for use.
  • the flexible material 1 closes the duct 6, so that the developing liquid can not flow out.
  • the entire device can then be tipped back so that all the developing liquid collects in the recess 4.
  • the filling opening 9 is closed. It is however, not always necessary that part 1 closes the duct 6 when the device is not being used. This is not required when the diameter of the duct 6 is so small that the surface tension of the liquid is sufficient to prevent it from flowing out.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a further embodiment of the device of the present invention which produces preferred results.
  • a container extending generally over the entire width of the area to be developed and consisting of solid material, preferably metal, is provided with a narrow linear duct 12 at its lower end and is directly connected to a larger reservoir 13.
  • a smaller intermediate container 14 may be provided between the duct 12 and the storage container 13; the storage container is provided with a filling opening 15.
  • the opening of the duct 12 is designed to be so narrow that the surface tension of the developing liquid is sufiicient to prevent the liquid from running out when the device is not being used. Only the contact between the material to be developed and the liquid which is retained at the discharge opening of the duct 12 by surface tension effects a continuous flow.
  • the material to be developed can be fed to the device by means of a suitable auxiliary device.
  • the material 16 to be developed is moved over a feed table 17 in the direction indicated by the arrow, is seized by one or two feed rolls 18 and 18a, and is passed in contact with the aforementioned duct opening via a moistening device 19 having a cooperating pressure spring 20, if desired.
  • the developed image is delivered at the other end of table 17.
  • one pole of a voltage source is connected to the flexible material 1 shown in FIG. 1, and the other pole to the metal supporting plate 21.
  • the two pole ends are connected to the container 11 and the table 17.
  • Potentials of up to 800 volts may be applied. Short circuit or interruption of the current will not occur either before, during, or after the developing process. With this method, it is an advantage that the contact between the wetting developer and the material to be developed remains at all times under direct or immediate current contact.
  • the process and the device of the present invention make it possible to develop electrophotographic material very quickly. Even with developing speeds of approximately 20 cm. per second, excellent results are obtained. It is, however, also possible to increase or decrease this speed and then also very good image quality is obtained. It is possible to develop both out sheets, for example DIN AS-DIN A1, or continuous material from a roll. With the latter, feed rolls or similar devices which transport the material to be developed when it emerges from the developing zone are not required if the winding and unwinding devices are controlled. With this method of working any number of prints can be developed with absolute consistency.
  • a process for developing an electrostatic image on the surface of a sheet of material comprising providing a liquid wetting developer dispenser carrying a supply of liquid wetting developer and including a thin elongated discharge duct defined between a pair of spaced boundary surfaces at least one of which is rigid and wherein liquid wetting developer is preventing by surface tension from running out through said duct except when said duct is adjacent an electrostatic field, passing a sheet of material in contact with said one rigid boundary surface and cansing liquid developer to flow only onto those portions of the surface of the sheet having electrostatic charges thereon in a thin elongated area extending widthwise of the associated sheet, and moving said dispenser relative to the surface of said sheet so as to very quickly develop the entire electrostatic image on said sheet.
  • each of the boundary surfaces of said thin elongated discharge duct are rigid.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
US394186A 1963-09-05 1964-09-03 Developing electrostatic images with a liquid developer Expired - Lifetime US3446649A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEK50739A DE1290819B (de) 1963-09-05 1963-09-05 Vorrichtung zur Benetzungsentwicklung von elektrophotographischem Aufzeichnungsmaterial

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3446649A true US3446649A (en) 1969-05-27

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US394186A Expired - Lifetime US3446649A (en) 1963-09-05 1964-09-03 Developing electrostatic images with a liquid developer

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US (1) US3446649A (enrdf_load_html_response)
AT (1) AT251422B (enrdf_load_html_response)
BE (1) BE652657A (enrdf_load_html_response)
CH (1) CH424483A (enrdf_load_html_response)
DE (1) DE1290819B (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB1022708A (enrdf_load_html_response)
NL (1) NL6409870A (enrdf_load_html_response)
SE (1) SE303678B (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3683852A (en) * 1970-03-13 1972-08-15 Isao Yamaguchi Electrophotographic developing apparatus
US3772012A (en) * 1972-08-03 1973-11-13 Zerox Corp Reversal development using polar liquid developers
US3774186A (en) * 1972-03-15 1973-11-20 El Sig Lab Inc Smoke detector failure alarm
US3898957A (en) * 1972-12-28 1975-08-12 Ricoh Kk Developing unit for electrostatic latent image
US4030341A (en) * 1975-07-24 1977-06-21 Corning Glass Works Fluid application device
EP0635766A3 (en) * 1993-07-21 1995-04-19 Xerox Corp Liquid development system.
EP0758106A1 (en) * 1995-08-07 1997-02-12 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Image developing apparatus

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3498261A (en) * 1967-07-20 1970-03-03 Varian Associates Static vacuum head gravity feed electrographic inker

Citations (21)

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DE134963C (enrdf_load_html_response) *
DE59392C (de) * J. GAEDICKE ia Berlin S.W., Ritterstr. 74 Giefser zum Auftragen von Emulsion
DE391188C (de) * 1923-06-10 1924-03-05 Ernemann Werke Akt Ges Vorrichtung zum Vergiessen von Fluessigkeiten mit niedrigem Siedepunkt
US1950351A (en) * 1931-08-07 1934-03-06 Mead Corp Paper manufacture
US2368520A (en) * 1942-04-18 1945-01-30 Pitney Bowes Postage Meter Co Moistening device
US2774327A (en) * 1951-07-19 1956-12-18 Saint-Hilaire Albert Barbier Apparatus for production of coated tape
US2796846A (en) * 1953-08-31 1957-06-25 Trist Arthur Ronald Means for applying fluent coatings to web material at open width
US2841827A (en) * 1954-04-26 1958-07-08 Electric Machinery Mfg Co Process for producing electromechanically sensitive sheet material
US2933061A (en) * 1957-03-29 1960-04-19 Time Inc Coating device
US3051125A (en) * 1958-08-13 1962-08-28 Oxford Paper Co Coating of paper webs and the like
US3060429A (en) * 1958-05-16 1962-10-23 Certificate of correction
US3084043A (en) * 1959-05-07 1963-04-02 Xerox Corp Liquid development of electrostatic latent images
FR1323519A (fr) * 1960-11-08 1963-04-12 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Procédé pour le développement de modèles de charges électrostatiques
US3088434A (en) * 1955-05-02 1963-05-07 Carlton L Sprague Printed circuit apparatus
US3094914A (en) * 1959-04-06 1963-06-25 Cons Electrodynamics Corp Photographic development equipment
US3096198A (en) * 1958-12-22 1963-07-02 Ibm Method for developing latent field images with liquid inks
US3168021A (en) * 1961-05-01 1965-02-02 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US3202526A (en) * 1961-10-05 1965-08-24 Scm Corp Method and apparatus for liquid development of latent images
US3245381A (en) * 1961-04-19 1966-04-12 Agfa Ag Developing apparatus
US3276424A (en) * 1962-06-22 1966-10-04 Azoplate Corp Process and apparatus for the development of latent electrostatic images
US3285741A (en) * 1961-04-19 1966-11-15 Agfa Gevaert Nv Process for developing electrostatic latent images

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1092304B (de) * 1957-12-23 1960-11-03 Siemens Ag Entwicklungsgeraet fuer z.B. im Lichtstrahl-Oszillographen belichtete Registrierstreifen

Patent Citations (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE134963C (enrdf_load_html_response) *
DE59392C (de) * J. GAEDICKE ia Berlin S.W., Ritterstr. 74 Giefser zum Auftragen von Emulsion
DE391188C (de) * 1923-06-10 1924-03-05 Ernemann Werke Akt Ges Vorrichtung zum Vergiessen von Fluessigkeiten mit niedrigem Siedepunkt
US1950351A (en) * 1931-08-07 1934-03-06 Mead Corp Paper manufacture
US2368520A (en) * 1942-04-18 1945-01-30 Pitney Bowes Postage Meter Co Moistening device
US2774327A (en) * 1951-07-19 1956-12-18 Saint-Hilaire Albert Barbier Apparatus for production of coated tape
US2796846A (en) * 1953-08-31 1957-06-25 Trist Arthur Ronald Means for applying fluent coatings to web material at open width
US2841827A (en) * 1954-04-26 1958-07-08 Electric Machinery Mfg Co Process for producing electromechanically sensitive sheet material
US3088434A (en) * 1955-05-02 1963-05-07 Carlton L Sprague Printed circuit apparatus
US2933061A (en) * 1957-03-29 1960-04-19 Time Inc Coating device
US3060429A (en) * 1958-05-16 1962-10-23 Certificate of correction
US3051125A (en) * 1958-08-13 1962-08-28 Oxford Paper Co Coating of paper webs and the like
US3096198A (en) * 1958-12-22 1963-07-02 Ibm Method for developing latent field images with liquid inks
US3094914A (en) * 1959-04-06 1963-06-25 Cons Electrodynamics Corp Photographic development equipment
US3084043A (en) * 1959-05-07 1963-04-02 Xerox Corp Liquid development of electrostatic latent images
FR1323519A (fr) * 1960-11-08 1963-04-12 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Procédé pour le développement de modèles de charges électrostatiques
US3245381A (en) * 1961-04-19 1966-04-12 Agfa Ag Developing apparatus
US3285741A (en) * 1961-04-19 1966-11-15 Agfa Gevaert Nv Process for developing electrostatic latent images
US3168021A (en) * 1961-05-01 1965-02-02 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US3202526A (en) * 1961-10-05 1965-08-24 Scm Corp Method and apparatus for liquid development of latent images
US3276424A (en) * 1962-06-22 1966-10-04 Azoplate Corp Process and apparatus for the development of latent electrostatic images

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3683852A (en) * 1970-03-13 1972-08-15 Isao Yamaguchi Electrophotographic developing apparatus
US3774186A (en) * 1972-03-15 1973-11-20 El Sig Lab Inc Smoke detector failure alarm
US3772012A (en) * 1972-08-03 1973-11-13 Zerox Corp Reversal development using polar liquid developers
US3898957A (en) * 1972-12-28 1975-08-12 Ricoh Kk Developing unit for electrostatic latent image
US4030341A (en) * 1975-07-24 1977-06-21 Corning Glass Works Fluid application device
EP0635766A3 (en) * 1993-07-21 1995-04-19 Xerox Corp Liquid development system.
EP0758106A1 (en) * 1995-08-07 1997-02-12 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Image developing apparatus
US5765078A (en) * 1995-08-07 1998-06-09 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Image developing apparatus to prevent generation of odor and scatter of developing material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH424483A (de) 1966-11-15
GB1022708A (en) 1966-03-16
NL6409870A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1965-03-08
BE652657A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1965-03-03
SE303678B (enrdf_load_html_response) 1968-09-02
DE1290819B (de) 1969-03-13
AT251422B (de) 1967-01-10

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