US3438186A - Method and apparatus for producing a novelty loop yarn - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for producing a novelty loop yarn Download PDF

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Publication number
US3438186A
US3438186A US653237A US3438186DA US3438186A US 3438186 A US3438186 A US 3438186A US 653237 A US653237 A US 653237A US 3438186D A US3438186D A US 3438186DA US 3438186 A US3438186 A US 3438186A
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Prior art keywords
strand
yarn
wrapping
cell
strands
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Expired - Lifetime
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US653237A
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English (en)
Inventor
Preston F Marshall
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Kendall Co
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Kendall Co
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Publication date
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/16—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam
    • D02G1/162—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam with provision for imparting irregular effects to the yarn

Definitions

  • This invention relates to novelty wrapped yarns, and more particularly to yarns of the loop or boucle type wherein two or more textile strands are wrapped around a third strand in an aerodynamic wrapping process which does not involve the true twisting of one strand around another.
  • ratine yarns comprising yarns which have curled, looped, bunched, or crimped effects interspersed along their length, to give an irregularly twisted effect.
  • the particular effect obtained depends on the denier and relative stiffness of l the yarns involved.
  • Such textured wrapped yarns are commonly prepared by the well-known textile devices known as twisters.
  • An effect yarn is fed simultaneously with but at a greater speed than a base or core yarn, and the twister physically twists the effect yarn irregularly around the core yarn.
  • a binder yarn is twisted around the effect yarn and core yarn, to help hold the desired irregularities in place.
  • the mechanical twisting devices employed have a relatively low output and are subject to the known deficiencies inherent in rotating mechanical devices, wherein problems of friction, maintenance and supervision are constant.
  • FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a loop yarn of the conventional or prior art type.
  • FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of a loop yarn made according to this invention, partially broken away.
  • FIGURE 3 is a perspective view of a vortex cell suitable for producing the yarns of this invention.
  • FIGURE 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view looking down through the cell of FIGURE 3 at the level A-A.
  • FIGURE 5 is a perspective view of a stage in the production of a typical yarn of this invention.
  • FIGURE 6 is an idealized schematic view of the apparatus during the formation of a yarn.
  • a conventional loop yarn is shown as consisting of a core strand 10, an effect strand 12 twisted in an irregular looped fashion around the core strand, and a binder strand 14 serving to hold the effect strand in place.
  • FIGURE 2 a loop yarn of the present invention at the left shows a core strand 20, a first wrapping strand 22 disposed around the core strand, and a second wrapping strand 24 disposed around both the core strand and the first wrapping strand.
  • strand 2:4 is at least twice the length of strand 22, and a typical product appears tightly wrapped as in the left-hand section of FIGURE 2.
  • FIGURE 3 a perspective view is shown of a vortex cell which has been found suitable for making the yarns of the present invention.
  • the apparatus comprises a chamber 30 having a cylindrical side wall 32 and end walls 54 and 56, said end walls being provided with an upper opening or exit 48 and a pair of lower openings.
  • the lower end of the chamber is provided with a plug, 40 conveniently of brass or other durable material.
  • the plug 4% is set into a gasket or seal 42, which caps the lower end of the chamber, said gasket conveniently being made of rubber.
  • the portion of the plug 40 which extends upwardly into the vortex chamber above the upper end of the gasket 42 is tapered to a conical configuration.
  • the lower portion of the plug 40, which is buried in the gasket 42 may be left straight-walled for convenience.
  • a pair of yarn inlets 44 and 46 extend all the way throng, the plug 40, opening into the chamber 30.
  • a pair of openings 34 and 36 in the cell wall 32 are so disposed as to open tangentially to the inner wall of the cylindrical cell.
  • the nature and position of the yarn inlets 44 and 46 in the plug 40 will be better understood by referring to both FIGURES 3 and 6, the latter being a cross-sectional view of the former.
  • the opening 36 in the cell wall 32 is connected to a source of fluid pressure not shown, so that a convergent air stream enters the cell in a direction tangential to the interior cell wall.
  • the direction of the fluid jet be substantially tangential to the inner wall of the cylindrical cell, and that the jet enter the cell through a convergent opening in which the ratio of length to diameter is at least 6 to 1.
  • the fluid jet is operating always at about sonic velocity, a smooth jet stream is caused to flow around the cell wall, and turbulence is minimized. This, in turn, leads to greater uniformity in the false wrapping operation.
  • A- convenient method of delivering such a jet stream is to seal into the opening 36 a N0. 18 hypodermic needle with an exit mouth curved to fit the curvature of the inside wall of the cell, as shown in FIG- URE 4.
  • At least three separate strands are fed into the chamber at difierent and independently controlled linear velocities.
  • the core strand 20 from a conventional package, is fed to the chamber of the cell by means of the star wheels 21.
  • a first wrapping strand 22 is simultaneously fed to the cell by the roll-off device 23 at a rate which is at least twice the linear rate of the strand 20.
  • a second wrapping strand, 24, is simultaneously fed to the cell by means of the roll-off device 25, at a linear rate which is at least twice the linear rate of strand 22 and at least four times the rate of the core-strand 20.
  • first two strands are shown as being fed to the cell parallel to its main axis, and the third strand tangentially thereto, this arrangement is for convenience in the particular cell illustrated.
  • Various modifications of feeding three strands to a vortex cell at different and controlled rates will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.
  • the strand fed at the slowest rate is the tensile-bearing element of the structure, extending in a substantially straight and unconvoluted configuration.
  • the first wrapping strand is disposed around the core-strand by a false wrapping operation: that is, there is no true twisting of the end of the second strand around the core strand.
  • sections of the first wrapping strand may appear to be truly twisted around the core strand, the number of right-hand turns must equal the number of left-hand turns, so that there is no true net twist of one strand around another.
  • this second wrap may be more fully understood with reference to FIGURE 5, which is a hypothecated perspective view of the composite yarn during a wrapping operation, by way of setting forth the structure more clearly. It represents the intermediate wrapping strand 22 disposed around the generally straight core strand 20 in the form of loops of strand 60.
  • the second wrapping strand 24 has been applied to the core strand and intermediate strands, and is now being wrapped. Since there is no true twisting of one strand around another, the second wrapping strand is shown as formed into a loop 62. This loop 62 in toto is being wrapped with true twist depending on the rotation of the fluid in the cell.
  • the core strand is fed under tension, being drawn into the cell by the compressed fluid exhaust. Since the whirling fluid tends to twist the core strand around its own axis, the core strand is temporarily tightened and shortened in the process of forming the composite yarn, and it is common to find a transient contraction of %-20% in the core strand during its dwell in the cell. This is a transient state, however, and at the winding operation it will be found that one yard of core strand input yields one yard of final product.
  • the first wrapping strand 22 is fed to the cell at a rate which is at least twice the rate of feed of the core strand. It therefore is slack enough to be formed into a loop or bight, and tends to Wrap around the apex of the cone, from which it is constantly removed by the rapid progression of the total yarn, and perhaps by the wrapping action of the second wrapping strand 24, which is fed to the cell at a controlled rate which is at least twice the rate of the first wrapping strand.
  • Example 1 As a core strand, a 300 denier 44 filament rayon yarn was fed to the cell of FIGURE 3 at a rate of 229 feet per minute, using air pressure of pounds p.s.i.g. applied to the side opening 36.
  • the first wrapping strand was a similar continuous filament rayon yarn, fed to the cell at a controlled rate of 540 feet per minute, or 2.36 times the rate of the core strand.
  • the second wrapping strand fed to the cell at the controlled rate of 2534 feet per minute or 11 times the core strand rate, was 75 denier 19 filament acetate.
  • the composite yarn, resembling the yarn of FIG- URE 2 was produced at a rate of 211 feet per minute, and had a denier of 1980.
  • a wide variety of strand structures, including both continuous filament and spun yarns, of varied colors if desired, may thus be combined to form novelty yarns in a simple and economical process.
  • spun yarns are used, they must have a structure sufiiciently tight to resist disintegration or disruption under the force of the whirling body of fluid.
  • each core strand may be handled independently.
  • the vortex cell of this invention is typically compact, being for example, formed from a piece of inch Pyrex tubing inch in height.
  • the top opening or yarn exit 48 is conveniently formed from a piece of thin walled copper tubing of inch inside diameter.
  • the plug 40 is typically /2 inch in length and inch in diameter, the upper A inch of the plug being tapered to a cone.
  • the wrapping strand inlet 34 need be no larger than .03 inch, and the fluid inlet 36- should be of a size to accommodate a No. 18 hypodermic needle, which has been found to be a convenient device for coupling the cell to a source of fluid pressure.
  • FIGURE 4 A convenient spacing of the air opening 36 and wrap yarn opening 34 in the cell wall is shown in FIGURE 4, where the air (delivered through opening 36) leads the yarn (delivered through opening 34) by
  • said wrappings including both left-hand wrappings and right-hand wrappings
  • Apparatus for manufacturing a false-wrapped yarn from a plurality of textile strands which comprises:
  • said plug containing a pair of strand inlet passages extending longitudinally the length of said plug
  • At least one of said strand inlet passages constituting means for passing a core strand axially along the major axis of said chamber
  • means for creating a whirling body of fluid in said chamber including an opening in the side wall of said chamber tangential to the inner wall of said wall of said and means for chamber,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US653237A 1967-07-13 1967-07-13 Method and apparatus for producing a novelty loop yarn Expired - Lifetime US3438186A (en)

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US65323767A 1967-07-13 1967-07-13

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US3438186A true US3438186A (en) 1969-04-15

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US653237A Expired - Lifetime US3438186A (en) 1967-07-13 1967-07-13 Method and apparatus for producing a novelty loop yarn

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US (1) US3438186A (pm)
BE (1) BE718005A (pm)
CH (1) CH493657A (pm)
DE (1) DE1760844A1 (pm)
FR (1) FR1574969A (pm)
GB (1) GB1181027A (pm)
NL (1) NL6809345A (pm)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3831363A (en) * 1971-12-29 1974-08-27 Stevens & Co Inc J P Apparatus and process for air texturizing of yarns
US4244173A (en) * 1978-10-16 1981-01-13 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Boucle yarn and process for its preparation
US4468921A (en) * 1982-07-01 1984-09-04 Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Air nozzle for producing fancy yarn
US20100224298A1 (en) * 2007-10-24 2010-09-09 Pirelli Tyre S.Pa. Tire having a structural element reinforced with a hybrid yarn

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63175135A (ja) * 1987-01-08 1988-07-19 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 非アスベスト系摩擦材用基材の製造方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB899812A (en) * 1960-03-28 1962-06-27 British Celanese Improvements in and relating to the production of fancy textile yarns
US3091913A (en) * 1959-03-13 1963-06-04 Du Pont Variable denier composite yarn
US3093878A (en) * 1961-10-16 1963-06-18 Carl Nuissl Air jet for producing bulked stub yarn
US3253313A (en) * 1963-09-18 1966-05-31 Eastman Kodak Co Method and apparatus for bulking yarn
US3309855A (en) * 1961-06-09 1967-03-21 Celanese Corp Process and apparatus for producing bulked plied yarn
US3344596A (en) * 1965-04-01 1967-10-03 Kendall & Co Textile yarn and process therefor

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3091913A (en) * 1959-03-13 1963-06-04 Du Pont Variable denier composite yarn
GB899812A (en) * 1960-03-28 1962-06-27 British Celanese Improvements in and relating to the production of fancy textile yarns
US3309855A (en) * 1961-06-09 1967-03-21 Celanese Corp Process and apparatus for producing bulked plied yarn
US3093878A (en) * 1961-10-16 1963-06-18 Carl Nuissl Air jet for producing bulked stub yarn
US3253313A (en) * 1963-09-18 1966-05-31 Eastman Kodak Co Method and apparatus for bulking yarn
US3344596A (en) * 1965-04-01 1967-10-03 Kendall & Co Textile yarn and process therefor

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3831363A (en) * 1971-12-29 1974-08-27 Stevens & Co Inc J P Apparatus and process for air texturizing of yarns
US4244173A (en) * 1978-10-16 1981-01-13 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Boucle yarn and process for its preparation
US4468921A (en) * 1982-07-01 1984-09-04 Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Air nozzle for producing fancy yarn
EP0098354A3 (en) * 1982-07-01 1986-02-26 Mitsubishi Rayon Co. Ltd. Air nozzle for producing fancy yarn
US20100224298A1 (en) * 2007-10-24 2010-09-09 Pirelli Tyre S.Pa. Tire having a structural element reinforced with a hybrid yarn
US8640753B2 (en) * 2007-10-24 2014-02-04 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. Tire having a structural element reinforced with a hybrid yarn

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1181027A (en) 1970-02-11
CH493657A (de) 1970-07-15
FR1574969A (pm) 1969-07-18
DE1760844A1 (de) 1972-03-09
BE718005A (pm) 1968-12-16
NL6809345A (pm) 1969-01-15

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