US3435802A - Electrographic liquid developing apparatus - Google Patents

Electrographic liquid developing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3435802A
US3435802A US468210A US3435802DA US3435802A US 3435802 A US3435802 A US 3435802A US 468210 A US468210 A US 468210A US 3435802D A US3435802D A US 3435802DA US 3435802 A US3435802 A US 3435802A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
image
liquid
liquid developer
tank
screen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US468210A
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English (en)
Inventor
Nelson R Nail
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3435802A publication Critical patent/US3435802A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
    • G03G15/101—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer for wetting the recording material

Definitions

  • electrography is used herein to include (1) xerography, wherein an electrostatic image is produced on a photoconductive insulating layer, (2) Xeroprinting, wherein an electrostatic image is produced on an insulating layer, and (3) photoconductography, wherein a photoconductivity image is produced in a photoconductive layer.
  • Electrostatic images can be developed, for example, by cascade development, powder cloud development, magnetic brush development, or liquid development.
  • Conductivity images are developed by passing an electric current through 'an electrolytic solution containing developer material in contact with the image-bearing surface whereby developer material plates out in the image areas.
  • liquid developing process in xerography employs liquid compositions comprising finely divided developer particles dispersed or suspended in an electrically insulating liquid medium or vehicle.
  • the developer particles acquire an electrostatic charge which enables them to be attracted to the electrostatic image.
  • Liquid development has the advantages of greater simplicity, greater speed of operation, improved control and versatility, and with certain developers, of eliminating the fixing step.
  • an insulating record member bearing an electrostatic image is either totally immersed in a tank of liquid developer or is moved over a rotating toning roller which is partially immersed in 'a tank of liquid developer.
  • the first method has the disadvantage of wetting both sides of the record member and the second method has the disadvantage, due to the high velocity of liquid needed and the great shearing force between the liquid and the image-bearing surface, of causing background and smearing of the image.
  • the record member to be developed is positioned horizontally with the latent image-bearing surface facing down.
  • a pump supplied from a tank of suitable liquid developer, directs a flow of liquid developer up through an outlet duct toward said surface.
  • the open end of said duct is positioned adjacent said surface and is covered with a fine mesh screen whereby a welling up, or mound of liquid developer is produced in contact with said surface.
  • the screen acts to arrest, slow down, or break the strong current of liquid developer and to soften its action upon the image-bearing surface.
  • the screen may be used as a development electrode and may be biased by connecting it to any desired electric potential. In such case the screen is made of conductive material, such as stainless steel.
  • the area of the mound of liquid developer can be made the same size as that of the latent image or it can be smaller, in which case relative movement between the record member and the mound of liquid developer is necessary for development of the entire latent image.
  • the liquid developer is preferably returned from the mound to the supply tank by positioning the open end of the outlet duct above the open top of the liquid developer tank.
  • the apparatus preferably includes a backing plate positioned behind the record member at the developing station. This plate aids in keeping the record member flat and uniformly spaced from and parallel to the fine mesh screen which covers the open end of the outlet duct. By making this backing plate conductive and connecting a voltage source between the backing plate and the fine mesh screen the apparatus can be used to develop a conductivity image in a record member.
  • the apparatus of the present invention can be used to develop either electrostatic images or conductivity images.
  • the figure is a cross-sectional view through the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the figure shows an image-bearing record member 2 having an electrographically produced latent image on a surface 4 thereof.
  • the member 2 is moved through the liquid developing station of the present invention by means, for example, of two sets of rollers 6 and 8.
  • a pump 10 having an inlet duct 12 and an outlet duct 14- is mounted by any suitable means (not shown) within a tank 16 containing a quantity of suitable liquid developer 18.
  • the pump can be a centrifugal-type pump in which the rotor is connected to a motor 20 through one wall of the tank 16.
  • the discharge end of the outlet duct 14 is covered with a piece of fine mesh stainless steel screen 22.
  • the screen 22 can be connected to a suitable voltage source 24 -by means of a switch 26, if desired.
  • the screen 22 breaks the flow of liquid developer toward the imagebearing surface 4 and softens the action of the liquid developer thereon.
  • a Welling up or mound 28 of liquid developer is produced in contact with the imagebearing surface 4.
  • a backing plate 30 is provided behind the record member 2 and in contact therewith. The plate 30 ensures that the record member 2 will be flat and uniformly spaced from the screen 22 at the developing station.
  • the plate 30 (or alternatively the conductive layer, if there is one, in the member 2) can be connected to a voltage source 32 by means of a switch 34 when the apparatus is to be used to develop photoconductographic prints.
  • Photoconductography is a well-known electrographic system and is shown, for example, in US. Patents 3,106,155, 3,057,788 and 3,010,883.
  • the switch 26 is open and the switch 34 is closed. Any of the known photoconductographic liquid developers may be used in this process. Provision may be made for grounding the backing plate 30 if desired.
  • the screen 22 may be insulated from the outlet duct 14 and pump 10 but this is not necessary.
  • the bias potential from the voltage source 24 may be applied either to the screen 22 or to the plate 30.
  • a squirrel cage made from a small blower fan or motor together with its housing was mounted within a liquid developer tank and connected to a variable speed motor through waterproof bearings in one wall of the tank.
  • the open end of the outlet duct of the housing was covered with a piece of fine mesh stainless steel screen.
  • the tank was filled with liquid developer to within /2" from the top of the tank and the motor was started.
  • a xerographic coating comprising zinc oxide and a 50/50 copolymer of n-butylmethacrylate and isobutyl methacrylate (for example, Lucite 46, manufactured by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.) was conventionally charged and exposed and then developed in the above described apparatus using a self-fixing xerographic liquid developer.
  • the xerographic plate transport speed was 1.5 inches per second. Very satisfactory, smudge-resistant, good-quality prints were obtained by this method.
  • Apparatus for developing an electrographic latent image on an image-bearing surface of a record member with a liquid developer comprising:
  • support means for positioning said member at a developing station with said image-bearing surface facing downwardly, a tank for containing a quantity of liquid developer, a pump positioned inside said tank and below the liquid level for providing a flow of liquid developer from said tank, said pump having an inlet below the liquid level and an 'open ended outlet that extends above the liquid level, 5 said open ended outlet positioned in closely spaced relation to said image bearing surface at the developing station for directing said flow of liquid developer toward and at substantially a right angle to said image bearing surface, and flow arresting means covering said open ended outlet for restricting said flow of liquid developer so as to produced a mound of liquid developer between said open ended outlet and said image-bearing surface for contacting the latter.
  • said record member is a photoconductographic record member
  • said electrographic image is a conductivity image
  • said flow arresting means comprises an electrically conductive fine mesh screen that covers the open end of said outlet and is arranged in spaced parallel relation to said surface, and including a backing electrode in contact with the surface of said member opposite said image-bearing surface at said developing station, and a voltage source connected between said backing electrode and said screen.
  • said latent image is an electrostatic image, and said how arrestments are possible.
  • Other flow arresting means may be employed in the present invention in place of a fine mesh stainless steel screen, such as a perforated plate or baflle means.
  • the pump need not be physically mounted within the tank but can be mounted outside of the tank.
  • the only requirement is that the inlet duct be in liquid communication with the liquid developer in the tank.
  • the mound of liquid developer need not be produced directly above the tank but can be produced above a tray separate from the tank having a return line to the tank. Since the apparatus shown in the figure can be used to develop either electrostatic or conductivity images, it may be desirable to provide two supply tanks, one containing a zerographic liquid developer and one containing a photoconductographic liquid developer, two inlet ducts, two return ducts from the tray, a valve for connecting the pump to the appropriate liquid developer tank and a valve for returning the liquid developer from the mound to the appropriate supply tank.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
US468210A 1965-06-30 1965-06-30 Electrographic liquid developing apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3435802A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US46821065A 1965-06-30 1965-06-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3435802A true US3435802A (en) 1969-04-01

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ID=23858860

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US468210A Expired - Lifetime US3435802A (en) 1965-06-30 1965-06-30 Electrographic liquid developing apparatus

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US3435802A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE683215A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1522584C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3557752A (en) * 1968-12-09 1971-01-26 Nils L Hakanson Electrophotographic developing apparatus
US3618567A (en) * 1969-09-15 1971-11-09 Varian Associates Apparatus for developing latent electrographic images with liquid ink
US3635195A (en) * 1969-09-15 1972-01-18 Varian Associates Method and apparatus for producing halftone electrographic prints
FR2096210A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1970-06-11 1972-02-11 Canon Kk
US3727578A (en) * 1969-10-11 1973-04-17 Canon Kk Electrophotographic developing device using liquid
US3822670A (en) * 1970-12-28 1974-07-09 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Liquid development apparatus for electrophotography
US3876448A (en) * 1969-04-04 1975-04-08 Apeco Corp Electrostatic developing process
US3886900A (en) * 1972-08-01 1975-06-03 Cellophane Sa Apparatus for developing a latent charged image
JPS5149037A (ja) * 1974-10-09 1976-04-27 Canon Kk Genzosochi
JPS5182629A (ja) * 1975-01-17 1976-07-20 Hitachi Ltd Genzosochi
JPS5249038A (en) * 1976-10-04 1977-04-19 Canon Inc Liquid development device for the electrophotographic copying machine
US4116141A (en) * 1976-02-23 1978-09-26 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Plate shaped development electrode
US4137867A (en) * 1977-09-12 1979-02-06 Seiichiro Aigo Apparatus for bump-plating semiconductor wafers
US4353942A (en) * 1980-11-17 1982-10-12 Dayco Corporation Coating method
DE4118434A1 (de) * 1990-06-06 1991-12-12 Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd Verfahren zur elektrophotographischen umkehr-nassentwicklung

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2413836C2 (de) * 1974-03-22 1983-01-20 Agfa-Gevaert Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Einrichtung zur Flüssigentwicklung

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3060429A (en) * 1958-05-16 1962-10-23 Certificate of correction
US3068115A (en) * 1961-02-06 1962-12-11 Xerox Corp Electrostatic emulsion development
US3117029A (en) * 1956-03-27 1964-01-07 Ford Motor Co Electrostatic coating
US3168021A (en) * 1961-05-01 1965-02-02 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US3169887A (en) * 1961-05-04 1965-02-16 Eastman Kodak Co Electrophotographic developing apparatus
US3192897A (en) * 1960-12-28 1965-07-06 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing apparatus
US3196829A (en) * 1963-02-21 1965-07-27 Fry S Metal Foundries Ltd Soldering machines
US3198170A (en) * 1961-03-11 1965-08-03 Copal Co Ltd Ultrasonic-wave painting machine
US3203395A (en) * 1963-06-14 1965-08-31 Addressograph Multigraph Apparatus for developing electrostatic images
US3256855A (en) * 1962-04-02 1966-06-21 Australia Res Lab Machine for applying liquids
US3327948A (en) * 1964-07-07 1967-06-27 Cosmic Inc Method of electrostatic coating including velocity reduction
US3334613A (en) * 1964-10-28 1967-08-08 Xerox Corp Xerographic development apparatus
US3336906A (en) * 1965-06-09 1967-08-22 Fairchild Camera Instr Co Apparatus for immersion development

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3117029A (en) * 1956-03-27 1964-01-07 Ford Motor Co Electrostatic coating
US3060429A (en) * 1958-05-16 1962-10-23 Certificate of correction
US3192897A (en) * 1960-12-28 1965-07-06 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing apparatus
US3068115A (en) * 1961-02-06 1962-12-11 Xerox Corp Electrostatic emulsion development
US3198170A (en) * 1961-03-11 1965-08-03 Copal Co Ltd Ultrasonic-wave painting machine
US3168021A (en) * 1961-05-01 1965-02-02 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US3169887A (en) * 1961-05-04 1965-02-16 Eastman Kodak Co Electrophotographic developing apparatus
US3256855A (en) * 1962-04-02 1966-06-21 Australia Res Lab Machine for applying liquids
US3196829A (en) * 1963-02-21 1965-07-27 Fry S Metal Foundries Ltd Soldering machines
US3203395A (en) * 1963-06-14 1965-08-31 Addressograph Multigraph Apparatus for developing electrostatic images
US3327948A (en) * 1964-07-07 1967-06-27 Cosmic Inc Method of electrostatic coating including velocity reduction
US3334613A (en) * 1964-10-28 1967-08-08 Xerox Corp Xerographic development apparatus
US3336906A (en) * 1965-06-09 1967-08-22 Fairchild Camera Instr Co Apparatus for immersion development

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3557752A (en) * 1968-12-09 1971-01-26 Nils L Hakanson Electrophotographic developing apparatus
US3876448A (en) * 1969-04-04 1975-04-08 Apeco Corp Electrostatic developing process
US3618567A (en) * 1969-09-15 1971-11-09 Varian Associates Apparatus for developing latent electrographic images with liquid ink
US3635195A (en) * 1969-09-15 1972-01-18 Varian Associates Method and apparatus for producing halftone electrographic prints
US3727578A (en) * 1969-10-11 1973-04-17 Canon Kk Electrophotographic developing device using liquid
FR2096210A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1970-06-11 1972-02-11 Canon Kk
US3822670A (en) * 1970-12-28 1974-07-09 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Liquid development apparatus for electrophotography
US3886900A (en) * 1972-08-01 1975-06-03 Cellophane Sa Apparatus for developing a latent charged image
JPS5149037A (ja) * 1974-10-09 1976-04-27 Canon Kk Genzosochi
JPS5182629A (ja) * 1975-01-17 1976-07-20 Hitachi Ltd Genzosochi
US4116141A (en) * 1976-02-23 1978-09-26 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Plate shaped development electrode
JPS5249038A (en) * 1976-10-04 1977-04-19 Canon Inc Liquid development device for the electrophotographic copying machine
US4137867A (en) * 1977-09-12 1979-02-06 Seiichiro Aigo Apparatus for bump-plating semiconductor wafers
US4353942A (en) * 1980-11-17 1982-10-12 Dayco Corporation Coating method
DE4118434A1 (de) * 1990-06-06 1991-12-12 Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd Verfahren zur elektrophotographischen umkehr-nassentwicklung
US5398105A (en) * 1990-06-06 1995-03-14 Mitsubishi Paper Mills Limited Method of electrophotographic wet reversal development

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE683215A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-12-01
DE1522584C3 (de) 1974-01-24
DE1522584A1 (de) 1969-11-13
DE1522584B2 (de) 1971-04-15

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