US3434942A - Electrodeposition of lead and polytetrafluoroethylene - Google Patents

Electrodeposition of lead and polytetrafluoroethylene Download PDF

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Publication number
US3434942A
US3434942A US415871A US41587164A US3434942A US 3434942 A US3434942 A US 3434942A US 415871 A US415871 A US 415871A US 41587164 A US41587164 A US 41587164A US 3434942 A US3434942 A US 3434942A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
lead
deposition
ptfe
strip
deposit
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Expired - Lifetime
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US415871A
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English (en)
Inventor
William John Waterman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Federal Mogul Shoreham Ltd
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Vandervell Products Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
    • C25D15/02—Combined electrolytic and electrophoretic processes with charged materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings

Definitions

  • the invention provides a method of electrolytically coating a metallic substrate with lead and polytetrafluoroethylene in which the ⁇ substrate is the cathode in an electrolytic bath which contains a lead salt in solution together with polytetratluoroethylene particles in suspension, the cathode being connected to the negative side of a D.C. electric source, the bath having an anode connected to the positive side of said source.
  • This invention -comprises improvements in or relating to coating substrates with compositions of matter containing two or more components.
  • coated substrates are as a bearing material, the compositions of matter in this case having anti-friction properties.
  • a desirable bearing material may consist of two, or more, metal or suitable nonmetallic components associated as a layer possessing antifriction properties and in some cases supported on a relatively strong backing material.
  • Conventional methods of casting, powder metallurgy and electrolytic deposition have all been used in the manufacture of such bearing materials.
  • certain metals which may be required in association to make a bearing material, may in fact prove incompatible when attempts are made to apply them together by such conventional methods on to the backing material.
  • a substrate is coated with a composition of matter comprising as components a metal and a polymerised resinous compound having a low coefficient of friction suitable for bearings, the latter component at least being applied electrophoretically to the substrate.
  • the electrophoretically deposited component may be 4 applied to the substrate simultaneously with ⁇ another and electrolytically deposited component.
  • lead may be deposited electrolytically whilst polytetrafluoroethylene is being deposited electrophoretically.
  • a metal and the polymerised resinous compound may be deposited together, both Ibeing deposited electrophoretically; an example of ⁇ such deposition is when a substrate is coated with aluminium and polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • EXAMPLE I A steel strip is first coated with a cladding layer of bearing alloy of the copper/lead/tin type, its composition being say copper, 10% lead and 10% tin, the proportions being by weight. After suitable sizing as by machining, this .strip is indented by means of a roll whose prole is fashioned in such a way as to produce rectangular pits in the surface of the copper based cladding layer. Such indentations will in general be relatively large but are not essentially so, as micropitting, e.g. as described in British patent specification No. 522,685, can also be employed if desired.
  • a plated layer of 0.2 to 2.0 x 103 ins. thickness is suitable.
  • the strip is passed between wipers and enters an electrophoresis cell which contains fior example la suspension of PTFE (I.C.I. Fluon G.P. l dispersion).
  • PTFE I.C.I. Fluon G.P. l dispersion
  • the strength of this dispersion can be reduced if desired when a great speed of electrophoretic deposition is not required; for instance one part of the dispersion is mixed with four parts of distilled or deionised Water.
  • a direct current of some 5-10 ma./sq, cm. is passed between the lead plated indented strip and a counter electrode of steel which is connected to the negative terminal of the D.C. source. Under such conditions at room temperature a rate of deposition, reckoned as dry material, of the order of 0.2 gin/Coulomb is easily achieved.
  • the resulting material provides a surface eminently Suitable for use in dry bearings such as are encountered in the steering mechanism of motor-cars and the like.
  • EXAMPLE 2 The material is produced as described above except that the electrophoresis bath is as follows:
  • EXAMPLE 3 An indented bimetallic strip is prepared as for the electro-deposition of lead, or ⁇ a lead alloy, rinsed, passed through Wipers, and fed into a combined electrolysis/ electrophoresis cell which contains a solution as shown below:
  • EXAMPLE 4 Higher PTFE contents of the combined deposit may 'be obtained by increasing the Fluon G.P. 1 dispersion content of the deposition bath.
  • a strip as used in Example 3 is fed into a cell containing a solution as shown below:
  • pH value of the bath as prepared was 4.5.
  • the deposition is carried out at 50 C. at a current density of 50 ma. per sq. cm.
  • the deposit contains about 45% -by weight of PTFE.
  • the PTFE content of a mixed deposit tends to increase with time of deposition, other conditions being held constant.
  • the initial deposit contains little PTFE and consists almost entirely of lead, thus providing a substantial bond to the substrate as in conventional plating.
  • the PTFE on the cathode tends increasingly to insulate this electrode from the lead ions in solution and hence the process favours increasingly the electrophoretic deposition of the PTFE to the exclusion of the eleetrolytic deposition of lead.
  • the PTFE content of a deposit can therefore be varied according to the current density, composition of the ⁇ bat-l1 and time of deposition.
  • the current density is generally limited according to the practice in the electrolytic deposition of lead, and in practice is the highest possible in the particular circumstances before the onset of dendritic growth and is one therefore that would in the absence of PTFE in the bath give a smooth compact deposit of lead.
  • This bath may be operated at a current density of 5 ma./sq. cm. with the work as the anode connected to the positive pole of the D.C. Supply.
  • the cathode may conveniently be of steel.
  • a rate of deposition of 0.15 gm./coulomb is attained at room temperature.
  • the cornbined deposit of PTFE and aluminium contains around 16% by Weight of aluminium.
  • EXAMPLE 6 Another liquid medium for use in the simultaneous deposition contains:
  • Fluon G.P. 1 dispersion ml-- 100 Aluminum powder- 300 mesh (BSS.) gm 200 Make up to 1 litre with distilled or deionised water.
  • a current density of 5 ma./sq. cm. yields around 0.2 g./coulomb of deposit containing 37.3% by weight of aluminum.
  • a substantially non-aqueous type of liquid for example commercially available methylated spirit, may be used instead of water.
  • the present invention makes use of the phenomenon of elecrtophoretic deposition to produce non-homogeneous bodies.
  • An aluminum/PTFE composite 'bearing material may be produced by electrophoretic deposition from a liquid medium of the following composition:
  • the Work is connected as cathode to the negative pole of the D.C. source and a rate of deposition of about 0.01 gm./coulomb is achieved at room temperature with a cathode current density of 2.5 ma./cm.2.
  • the resulting material contains 94.2% PTFE.
  • EXAMPLE 8 A steel strip 0.060 inch thick, which has a 0.022 inch thick cast-on layer of bronze whereof the composition is 8% lead, 4% tin, 4% zinc, and the remainder copper, is cleaned with trichlorethylene to remove any grease and, if necessary, is treated, for example by scratch brushing, to remove gross superficial soil, or by milling to remove lead sweat.
  • the cleaned strip is then rolled with a roller having a knurled surface (a British grade two knurl is suitable) to obtain a closely indented surface with a coined or polished finish due to the metal filling the indentations in the roll.
  • a roller having a knurled surface a British grade two knurl is suitable
  • the strip is now treated in a bath as set forth in Example 4 for the simultaneous electrolytic deposition of lead and electrophoretic deposition of PTFE, the deposition being carried out at room temperature, with current density of 50 ma. per sq. cm.
  • the strip is rinsed and dried.
  • Example 4 Due to the form of the indentations produced by knurling, it is found that the exfoliation dicultes discussed in Example 4 are greatly mitigated. For instance, a lead/PTFE composite containing 34% by weight of PTFE was rolled satisfactorily to reduce the thickness of the composite to 0.076 inch.
  • Example 8 The method of Example 8 is illustrated diagrammatically in FIGURE 1 and one form of subsequent rolling and heating treatment is illustrated in FIGURE 2.
  • the coated substrate may be machined to fine limits as for example ⁇ by boring or broaching. This machining may be particularly desirable when the coated substrate is used for manufacture of bushes or bearings and in this case the machining may be performed at any desired stage of the bush or bearing manufacture.
  • a method of coating a metallic substrate with a mixture of lead and polytetraliuoroethylene having a low coetcient of friction suitable for bearings comprising i11- troducing the substrate into an electrolytic bath containing a solution of a lead sulphamate in which is dispersed a suspension of polytetrauoroethylene particles, and connecting the metallic substrate to the negative side of an effectively direct current electric source and-which bath has an anode connected to the positive side of said electric source.
  • a method according to claim 1 comprising also machining the material to fine limits, for example as by boring or broaching.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
US415871A 1963-12-04 1964-12-04 Electrodeposition of lead and polytetrafluoroethylene Expired - Lifetime US3434942A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB47961/63A GB1032899A (en) 1963-12-04 1963-12-04 Improvements in or relating to coating substrates with compositions

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3434942A true US3434942A (en) 1969-03-25

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US415871A Expired - Lifetime US3434942A (en) 1963-12-04 1964-12-04 Electrodeposition of lead and polytetrafluoroethylene

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3434942A (de)
BE (1) BE656670A (de)
CH (1) CH433876A (de)
ES (1) ES306840A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1032899A (de)
NL (2) NL6414125A (de)
OA (1) OA00965A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3676308A (en) * 1969-06-19 1972-07-11 Udylite Corp Electrolytic codeposition of polyvinylidene and copolymer particles with copper
US3787338A (en) * 1972-02-25 1974-01-22 Gen Electric Aqueous dispersions of finely divided lubricants in polyamide acid
US3945893A (en) * 1972-12-30 1976-03-23 Suzuki Motor Company Limited Process for forming low-abrasion surface layers on metal objects
US4822459A (en) * 1986-08-29 1989-04-18 Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology (Miti) Lead oxide-coated electrode for use in electrolysis and process for producing the same
CN108124447A (zh) * 2015-07-02 2018-06-05 艾斯丘莱普股份公司 用于电外科手术中的施加器的涂层

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2221224A (en) * 1988-07-06 1990-01-31 Ici Plc Simultaneous electrodeposition of metal and film-forming polymer from a single bath
DE102009036311B4 (de) * 2009-08-06 2021-10-28 Te Connectivity Corporation Selbstschmierende Beschichtung, selbstschmierendes Bauteil, Beschichtungselektrolyt und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer selbstschmierenden Beschichtung

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1702927A (en) * 1922-03-27 1929-02-19 Cleveland Graphite Bronze Co Bearing material and method of making same
US2707703A (en) * 1947-08-09 1955-05-03 Sprague Electric Co Heat stable, insulated, electrical conductors and process for producing same
US2830017A (en) * 1954-01-18 1958-04-08 Vitro Corp Of America Method of forming a sacrificial lubricating layer
US2861935A (en) * 1954-05-20 1958-11-25 Vitro Corp Of America Electrophoretic method of applying a lubricant coating
US2878140A (en) * 1957-05-01 1959-03-17 Vitro Corp Of America Densification of coating by use of isostatic hydraulic pressure
US2994654A (en) * 1958-02-04 1961-08-01 Vitro Corp Of America Method of forming a lubricating element by electrophoresis
US2999798A (en) * 1955-12-09 1961-09-12 Daimler Benz Ag Method of producing a wear-resisting surface on a metal element

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1702927A (en) * 1922-03-27 1929-02-19 Cleveland Graphite Bronze Co Bearing material and method of making same
US2707703A (en) * 1947-08-09 1955-05-03 Sprague Electric Co Heat stable, insulated, electrical conductors and process for producing same
US2830017A (en) * 1954-01-18 1958-04-08 Vitro Corp Of America Method of forming a sacrificial lubricating layer
US2861935A (en) * 1954-05-20 1958-11-25 Vitro Corp Of America Electrophoretic method of applying a lubricant coating
US2999798A (en) * 1955-12-09 1961-09-12 Daimler Benz Ag Method of producing a wear-resisting surface on a metal element
US2878140A (en) * 1957-05-01 1959-03-17 Vitro Corp Of America Densification of coating by use of isostatic hydraulic pressure
US2994654A (en) * 1958-02-04 1961-08-01 Vitro Corp Of America Method of forming a lubricating element by electrophoresis

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3676308A (en) * 1969-06-19 1972-07-11 Udylite Corp Electrolytic codeposition of polyvinylidene and copolymer particles with copper
US3787338A (en) * 1972-02-25 1974-01-22 Gen Electric Aqueous dispersions of finely divided lubricants in polyamide acid
US3945893A (en) * 1972-12-30 1976-03-23 Suzuki Motor Company Limited Process for forming low-abrasion surface layers on metal objects
US4822459A (en) * 1986-08-29 1989-04-18 Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology (Miti) Lead oxide-coated electrode for use in electrolysis and process for producing the same
CN108124447A (zh) * 2015-07-02 2018-06-05 艾斯丘莱普股份公司 用于电外科手术中的施加器的涂层
US20180187027A1 (en) * 2015-07-02 2018-07-05 Aesculap Ag Coating for Applicators in Electrosurgery
JP2018525066A (ja) * 2015-07-02 2018-09-06 アエスクラップ アクチェンゲゼルシャフト 電気外科手術用アプリケータ用コーティング
US10793726B2 (en) * 2015-07-02 2020-10-06 Aesculap Ag Coating for applicators in electrosurgery

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH433876A (fr) 1967-04-15
OA00965A (fr) 1968-08-07
ES306840A1 (es) 1965-05-16
GB1032899A (en) 1966-06-15
BE656670A (de) 1965-04-01
NL126245C (de)
NL6414125A (de) 1965-06-07

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