US3432666A - Containers for transporting radioactive and/or fissile materials - Google Patents

Containers for transporting radioactive and/or fissile materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US3432666A
US3432666A US439408A US43940865A US3432666A US 3432666 A US3432666 A US 3432666A US 439408 A US439408 A US 439408A US 43940865 A US43940865 A US 43940865A US 3432666 A US3432666 A US 3432666A
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United States
Prior art keywords
casing
container
containers
vessel
radioactive
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Expired - Lifetime
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US439408A
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Geoffrey James Chetewoode Nash
Keith Harding
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UK Atomic Energy Authority
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UK Atomic Energy Authority
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/005—Containers for solid radioactive wastes, e.g. for ultimate disposal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/902—Foam

Definitions

  • a transport container for radioactive material comprising a casing which includes a radiation attenuating substance dispersed in a matrix including a moderator material, the substance also affording fire protection for the container. Fire protection is achieved by employing a hydrated salt of boron which absorbs heat as its water of crystallization is driven off through vent holes in a layer surrounding the casing.
  • This invention relates to containers for use in transporting radioactive and/ or fissile materials.
  • Containers so far designed have incorporated steel or lead for gamma attenuation, wood for neutron moderation and cadmium to absorb neutrons.
  • wood gives rise to certain drawbacks in use. Thus, it is of variable density and water content, requires to be fabricated to fit into an outer canister and to receive the isotope vessel. Furthermore, wood is liable to split as it dries out and may give rise to wood acids which could corrode adjacent metals.
  • a container for use in transporting a radioactive material comprising an inner vessel to receive the radioactive material and a casing surrounding the vessel comprising a neutron moderating substance and a neutron capturing substance uniformly distributed in a matrix of cast plastic material, said casing also affording fire protection to the vessel.
  • neutrons emitted from fissile material inside or outside the container will be sufliciently moderated by the matrix material for the probability of their capture to be very high.
  • a transport container having an aluminium vessel 1 for carrying non-irradiated fissile material, with a screw cap or lid 2.
  • the vessel 1 is enclosed in a casing 3 of a mixture of borax and epoxy resin in the weight ratio 1:1.
  • the casing has a lid 4 of the same mixture.
  • the casing is surrounded by a metal layer including a steel canister 5 having a lid 6 with suitably placed vent holes V, the lid 6 being retained in place on the canister 5 by a retaining band 7.
  • the shuttering 8 is 3,432,666 Patented Mar. 11, 1969 provided to define the space in the matrix material for receiving the vessel 1 and the lid 4.
  • the fissile material to be transported is deposited within the vessel 1 and cap 2, lid 4 and lid 6 are placed in position and secured.
  • neutrons emitted from fissile material inside or outside the container will be sufiiciently moderated by the hydrogen contained in the borax and resin matrix for the probability of their capture by the boron in the borax present, to be very high.
  • Borax is used in the above example as a typical hydrated salt. Such salts act to introduce extra hydrogen into the casing as well as absorber atoms. They also serve as heat insulators insofar as they absorb heat in having their water of crystalisation driven off through ventholes V in the casing. Gamma shielding can also be added in the form of a heavy metal or such of its compounds, for example lead chromate, as may conveniently be added to the plastic.
  • the final choice of loading material will depend, for a fissile material container, on the optimum combination of hydrogen and neutron absorber to give a minim-um casing thickness and hence minimum overall size. It is an advantage in utilising a plastic as casing as opposed to wood, in that it can be pumped, whilst liquid, into the canister to fill any cavity so as to surround the vessel and provide a casing of uniform hydrogen and radiation attenuating distribution.
  • the plastic afiords adequate fire resistance for the contents whilst the steel canister serves mainly as shuttering during the casing and is retained to provide additional impact and abrasion protection to the casing.
  • a container for use in transporting radioactive material comprising an inner vessel to receive radioactive material, a means for attenuating radiation and a casing around the vessel comprising a neutron moderating substance and a neutron capturing substance uniformly distributed in a matrix of cast plastic material, and a means, including vents, for venting from said casing water of crystallization derived from said neutron capturing substance of said matrix.
  • a container according to claim 1 wherein said means for attenuating radiation includes a radiation attenuating substance uniformly distributed in said matrix.
  • a container according to claim 2 wherein said radiation attenuating substance is a heavy metal.
  • a container for use in transporting a radioactive material according to claim 4 wherein the casing is mounted in a metal canister which affords impact and abrasion protection to the casing.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Description

March 11, 1969 c, NASH ETAL 3,432,666
CONTAINERS FOR TRANSPORTING RADIOACTIVE AND/OR FISSILE MATERIALS Filed March 12, 1965 United States Patent 10,719/ 64 US. Cl. 250-108 Int. Cl. G21f /00 7 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A transport container for radioactive material comprising a casing which includes a radiation attenuating substance dispersed in a matrix including a moderator material, the substance also affording fire protection for the container. Fire protection is achieved by employing a hydrated salt of boron which absorbs heat as its water of crystallization is driven off through vent holes in a layer surrounding the casing.
This invention relates to containers for use in transporting radioactive and/ or fissile materials.
It has been suggested that an efficient container for transportaation of radioactive materials should withstand a drop test from thirty feet without damage sufficiently severe to cause a release of the contents and a fire test at 800 C. for thirty minutes without appreciable reduction of radiation shielding effect.
Containers so far designed have incorporated steel or lead for gamma attenuation, wood for neutron moderation and cadmium to absorb neutrons.
However, the known arrangement of wood and cadmium is no barrier to fast neutrons originating inside the container.
Additionally, wood gives rise to certain drawbacks in use. Thus, it is of variable density and water content, requires to be fabricated to fit into an outer canister and to receive the isotope vessel. Furthermore, wood is liable to split as it dries out and may give rise to wood acids which could corrode adjacent metals.
It is one object of the present invention to avoid these drawbacks.
According to the present invention a container for use in transporting a radioactive material comprising an inner vessel to receive the radioactive material and a casing surrounding the vessel comprising a neutron moderating substance and a neutron capturing substance uniformly distributed in a matrix of cast plastic material, said casing also affording fire protection to the vessel.
In this arrangement neutrons emitted from fissile material inside or outside the container will be sufliciently moderated by the matrix material for the probability of their capture to be very high.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way only of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing which is a sectional elevation.
In the drawing is shown a transport container having an aluminium vessel 1 for carrying non-irradiated fissile material, with a screw cap or lid 2. The vessel 1 is enclosed in a casing 3 of a mixture of borax and epoxy resin in the weight ratio 1:1. The casing has a lid 4 of the same mixture. The casing is surrounded by a metal layer including a steel canister 5 having a lid 6 with suitably placed vent holes V, the lid 6 being retained in place on the canister 5 by a retaining band 7. The shuttering 8 is 3,432,666 Patented Mar. 11, 1969 provided to define the space in the matrix material for receiving the vessel 1 and the lid 4.
In using the container, the fissile material to be transported is deposited Within the vessel 1 and cap 2, lid 4 and lid 6 are placed in position and secured.
In this arrangement neutrons emitted from fissile material inside or outside the container will be sufiiciently moderated by the hydrogen contained in the borax and resin matrix for the probability of their capture by the boron in the borax present, to be very high.
Borax is used in the above example as a typical hydrated salt. Such salts act to introduce extra hydrogen into the casing as well as absorber atoms. They also serve as heat insulators insofar as they absorb heat in having their water of crystalisation driven off through ventholes V in the casing. Gamma shielding can also be added in the form of a heavy metal or such of its compounds, for example lead chromate, as may conveniently be added to the plastic. The final choice of loading material will depend, for a fissile material container, on the optimum combination of hydrogen and neutron absorber to give a minim-um casing thickness and hence minimum overall size. It is an advantage in utilising a plastic as casing as opposed to wood, in that it can be pumped, whilst liquid, into the canister to fill any cavity so as to surround the vessel and provide a casing of uniform hydrogen and radiation attenuating distribution.
The plastic afiords adequate fire resistance for the contents whilst the steel canister serves mainly as shuttering during the casing and is retained to provide additional impact and abrasion protection to the casing.
We claim:
1. A container for use in transporting radioactive material comprising an inner vessel to receive radioactive material, a means for attenuating radiation and a casing around the vessel comprising a neutron moderating substance and a neutron capturing substance uniformly distributed in a matrix of cast plastic material, and a means, including vents, for venting from said casing water of crystallization derived from said neutron capturing substance of said matrix.
2. A container according to claim 1 wherein said means for attenuating radiation includes a radiation attenuating substance uniformly distributed in said matrix.
3. A container according to claim 2 wherein said radiation attenuating substance is a heavy metal.
4. A container for use in transporting a radioactive material according to claim 1 in which the neutron capturing substance comprises a hydrated salt.
5. A container for use in transporting a radioactive material according to claim 4 in which the hydrated salt is borax.
6. A container according to claim 3 in which the radiation attenuating substance is lead chromate.
7. A container for use in transporting a radioactive material according to claim 4 wherein the casing is mounted in a metal canister which affords impact and abrasion protection to the casing.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,106,535 10/1963 Blanco 250-108 3,114,838 12/1963 Pontet 250-108 X 3,114,839 12/1963 Peters 250-108 3,133,887 5/1964 Alliegro et al. 250-108 3,126,351 3/1964 Blair et al. 250-108 X 3,229,096 1/1966 Bonilla et al. 250-108 ARCHIE R. BORCHELT, Primary Examiner.
US. Cl. X.R. 250-106
US439408A 1964-03-13 1965-03-12 Containers for transporting radioactive and/or fissile materials Expired - Lifetime US3432666A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB10719/64A GB1073751A (en) 1964-03-13 1964-03-13 Improvements in or relating to containers for transporting radioactive and/or fissile materials

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US3432666A true US3432666A (en) 1969-03-11

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US (1) US3432666A (en)
BE (1) BE661059A (en)
DE (1) DE1514957C3 (en)
FR (1) FR1438347A (en)
GB (1) GB1073751A (en)

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3723742A (en) * 1968-04-11 1973-03-27 Trw Inc Radioisotope capsule protection structure
US3749917A (en) * 1971-05-12 1973-07-31 H Kucherer Device for encapsulating a radioactive resin-water slurry
US3754141A (en) * 1972-07-12 1973-08-21 Atomic Energy Commission Shipping and storage container for high power density radioactive materials
US3780306A (en) * 1971-05-27 1973-12-18 Nat Lead Co Radioactive shipping container with neutron and gamma absorbers
US3883742A (en) * 1973-07-27 1975-05-13 Packard Instrument Co Inc Scintillation counter, segmented shield
US3886368A (en) * 1973-02-27 1975-05-27 Nuclear Fuel Services Spent fuel shipping cask
US3930166A (en) * 1972-11-28 1975-12-30 Robatel Slpi Package for transporting or enclosing radioactive materials
US3982134A (en) * 1974-03-01 1976-09-21 Housholder William R Shipping container for nuclear fuels
US4022317A (en) * 1975-07-07 1977-05-10 Kms Fusion, Inc. Package for fragile objects
EP0036961A2 (en) * 1980-03-26 1981-10-07 Forschungszentrum Jülich Gmbh Container for storing tritium
JPS5713840B1 (en) * 1971-06-11 1982-03-19
JPS57173796A (en) * 1981-04-20 1982-10-26 Toshiba Denki Kouji Kk Method of fixing radiation shielding body
US4560069A (en) * 1985-05-02 1985-12-24 Simon B Kenneth Package for hazardous materials
US4569818A (en) * 1982-04-22 1986-02-11 Deutsche Gesellschaft Fur Wiederaufarbeitung Von Kernbrennstoffen Mbh Container for storing radioactive material
US4588088A (en) * 1983-01-10 1986-05-13 Allen Arthur A Container assembly for storing toxic material
US4595112A (en) * 1984-07-12 1986-06-17 Greif Bros. Corporation Thermal container
US4747512A (en) * 1987-06-19 1988-05-31 Lo Kin K Transportation packaging for liquids
US4752437A (en) * 1983-01-18 1988-06-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Packaging of radioactive materials
US4846235A (en) * 1986-01-29 1989-07-11 Halliburton Company Radioactivity shielding transportation assembly
US4869299A (en) * 1986-01-29 1989-09-26 Halliburton Company Radioactivity shielding transportation assembly and method
US4880119A (en) * 1987-04-06 1989-11-14 Simon B Kenneth Cushioned container for hazardous material
US5008084A (en) * 1990-08-13 1991-04-16 Instruments for Research and Industry I2 R, Inc. Insulated container for biological samples
US5303836A (en) * 1993-07-21 1994-04-19 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Shipping container for highly enriched uranium
US5337917A (en) * 1991-10-21 1994-08-16 Sandia Corporation Crash resistant container
WO1995013617A1 (en) * 1993-11-10 1995-05-18 American Intercontinental Investment Corporation Radioattenuant composition, method and container
US5995573A (en) * 1996-09-18 1999-11-30 Murray, Jr.; Holt A. Dry storage arrangement for spent nuclear fuel containers
US6230877B1 (en) * 1998-03-17 2001-05-15 Team Safepac I Karlskoga Ab Safety packaging
US20140263319A1 (en) * 2013-03-13 2014-09-18 Medrad, Inc. Vial container with collar cap
US9233776B2 (en) 2012-06-07 2016-01-12 Bayer Healthcare Llc Molecular imaging vial transport container and fluid injection system interface
US9757306B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2017-09-12 Bayer Healthcare Llc Vial container with collar cap

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2097060A2 (en) * 1970-07-30 1972-03-03 Transnucleaire Radioactive source containers - incorporating resin bound blocks of polyethylene for neutron capture together with metallic heat dissi
DE2741661C2 (en) * 1977-09-16 1986-12-11 Gesellschaft für Strahlen- und Umweltforschung mbH, 8000 München Process for lining waste drums with a leak-proof, closed casing
DE2930991C2 (en) * 1979-07-31 1984-04-05 Nukem Gmbh, 6450 Hanau Containers for receiving and storing spent fuel elements
FR2477109A1 (en) * 1980-02-29 1981-09-04 Lemer & Cie Rotating appts. for blocking channel of barrel container - contg. radioactive prods. is inserted into its housing from the front
DE3142646C2 (en) * 1981-10-28 1985-10-17 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Wiederaufarbeitung von Kernbrennstoffen mbH, 3000 Hannover Fuel element container for transporting and / or storing nuclear reactor fuel elements
DE3331892C2 (en) * 1983-09-03 1986-01-23 Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich Transport and storage containers for radioactive material
HU191255B (en) * 1984-03-05 1987-01-28 Eroemue- Es Halozattervezoe Vallalat,Hu Container for transporting radioactive matters
GB2176925A (en) * 1985-06-19 1987-01-07 Us Energy Waste disposal package

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3106535A (en) * 1959-08-24 1963-10-08 Ici Ltd Neutron radiation shielding material
US3114839A (en) * 1959-05-25 1963-12-17 Lukens Steel Co Radiation shielding plastic clad
US3114838A (en) * 1959-07-28 1963-12-17 Pontet Hermann Charles Containers for radioactive isotopes
US3126351A (en) * 1958-12-31 1964-03-24 Hydrated lead borate products
US3133887A (en) * 1958-10-06 1964-05-19 Norton Co Neutron shields and methods of manufacturing them
US3229096A (en) * 1963-04-03 1966-01-11 Nat Lead Co Shipping container for spent nuclear reactor fuel elements

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3133887A (en) * 1958-10-06 1964-05-19 Norton Co Neutron shields and methods of manufacturing them
US3126351A (en) * 1958-12-31 1964-03-24 Hydrated lead borate products
US3114839A (en) * 1959-05-25 1963-12-17 Lukens Steel Co Radiation shielding plastic clad
US3114838A (en) * 1959-07-28 1963-12-17 Pontet Hermann Charles Containers for radioactive isotopes
US3106535A (en) * 1959-08-24 1963-10-08 Ici Ltd Neutron radiation shielding material
US3229096A (en) * 1963-04-03 1966-01-11 Nat Lead Co Shipping container for spent nuclear reactor fuel elements

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3723742A (en) * 1968-04-11 1973-03-27 Trw Inc Radioisotope capsule protection structure
US3749917A (en) * 1971-05-12 1973-07-31 H Kucherer Device for encapsulating a radioactive resin-water slurry
US3780306A (en) * 1971-05-27 1973-12-18 Nat Lead Co Radioactive shipping container with neutron and gamma absorbers
JPS5713840B1 (en) * 1971-06-11 1982-03-19
US3754141A (en) * 1972-07-12 1973-08-21 Atomic Energy Commission Shipping and storage container for high power density radioactive materials
US3930166A (en) * 1972-11-28 1975-12-30 Robatel Slpi Package for transporting or enclosing radioactive materials
US3886368A (en) * 1973-02-27 1975-05-27 Nuclear Fuel Services Spent fuel shipping cask
US3883742A (en) * 1973-07-27 1975-05-13 Packard Instrument Co Inc Scintillation counter, segmented shield
US3982134A (en) * 1974-03-01 1976-09-21 Housholder William R Shipping container for nuclear fuels
US4022317A (en) * 1975-07-07 1977-05-10 Kms Fusion, Inc. Package for fragile objects
EP0036961A2 (en) * 1980-03-26 1981-10-07 Forschungszentrum Jülich Gmbh Container for storing tritium
EP0036961B1 (en) * 1980-03-26 1985-06-12 Forschungszentrum Jülich Gmbh Container for storing tritium
JPS57173796A (en) * 1981-04-20 1982-10-26 Toshiba Denki Kouji Kk Method of fixing radiation shielding body
US4569818A (en) * 1982-04-22 1986-02-11 Deutsche Gesellschaft Fur Wiederaufarbeitung Von Kernbrennstoffen Mbh Container for storing radioactive material
US4588088A (en) * 1983-01-10 1986-05-13 Allen Arthur A Container assembly for storing toxic material
US4752437A (en) * 1983-01-18 1988-06-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Packaging of radioactive materials
US4595112A (en) * 1984-07-12 1986-06-17 Greif Bros. Corporation Thermal container
US4560069A (en) * 1985-05-02 1985-12-24 Simon B Kenneth Package for hazardous materials
US4846235A (en) * 1986-01-29 1989-07-11 Halliburton Company Radioactivity shielding transportation assembly
US4869299A (en) * 1986-01-29 1989-09-26 Halliburton Company Radioactivity shielding transportation assembly and method
US4880119A (en) * 1987-04-06 1989-11-14 Simon B Kenneth Cushioned container for hazardous material
US4747512A (en) * 1987-06-19 1988-05-31 Lo Kin K Transportation packaging for liquids
US5008084A (en) * 1990-08-13 1991-04-16 Instruments for Research and Industry I2 R, Inc. Insulated container for biological samples
US5337917A (en) * 1991-10-21 1994-08-16 Sandia Corporation Crash resistant container
US5303836A (en) * 1993-07-21 1994-04-19 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Shipping container for highly enriched uranium
WO1995013617A1 (en) * 1993-11-10 1995-05-18 American Intercontinental Investment Corporation Radioattenuant composition, method and container
US5995573A (en) * 1996-09-18 1999-11-30 Murray, Jr.; Holt A. Dry storage arrangement for spent nuclear fuel containers
US6230877B1 (en) * 1998-03-17 2001-05-15 Team Safepac I Karlskoga Ab Safety packaging
AU744817B2 (en) * 1998-03-17 2002-03-07 Team Safepac I Karlskoga Ab Safety packaging
US9233776B2 (en) 2012-06-07 2016-01-12 Bayer Healthcare Llc Molecular imaging vial transport container and fluid injection system interface
US20140263319A1 (en) * 2013-03-13 2014-09-18 Medrad, Inc. Vial container with collar cap
US9327886B2 (en) * 2013-03-13 2016-05-03 Bayer Healthcare Llc Vial container with collar cap
US9757306B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2017-09-12 Bayer Healthcare Llc Vial container with collar cap

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1514957B2 (en) 1973-04-12
DE1514957A1 (en) 1969-08-07
DE1514957C3 (en) 1973-11-22
FR1438347A (en) 1966-05-13
BE661059A (en) 1965-09-13
GB1073751A (en) 1967-06-28

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